Surgical treatment of liver cancer and pancreatic cancer under the China Healthcare Security Diagnosis Related Groups payment system

BACKGROUND Data from the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer reported that China had the highest prevalence of cancer and cancer deaths in 2022.Liver and pancreatic cancers accounted for the highest number of new cases.Real-world data(RWD)is now widely preferred to traditional clinical trials in various fields of medicine and healthcare,as the traditional research approach often involves highly selected populations and interventions and controls that are strictly regulated.Additionally,research results from the RWD match global reality better than those from traditional clinical trials.AIM To analyze the cost disparity between surgical treatments for liver and pancreatic cancer under various factors.METHODS This study analyzed RWD 1137 cases within the HB1 group(patients who underwent pancreatectomy,hepatectomy,and/or shunt surgery)in 2023.It distinguished different expenditure categories,including medical,nursing,technical,management,drug,and consumable costs.Additionally,it assessed the contribution of each expenditure category to total hospital costs and performed cross-group comparisons using the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test.This study used the Steel–Dwass test for post-hoc multiple comparisons and the Spearman correlation coefficient to examine the relationships between variables.RESULTS The study found that in HB11 and HB13,the total hospitalization costs were significantly higher for pancreaticoduodenectomy than for pancreatectomy and hepatectomy.Although no significant difference was observed in the length of hospital stay between patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy and pancreatectomy,both were significantly longer than those who underwent liver resection.In HB15,no significant difference was observed in the total cost of hospitalization between pancreaticoduodenectomy and pancreatectomy;however,both were significantly higher than those in hepatectomy.Additionally,the length of hospital stay was significantly longer for patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy than for those who underwent pancreatectomy or liver resection.CONCLUSION China Healthcare Security Diagnosis Related Groups payment system positively impacts liver and pancreatic cancer surgeries by improving medical quality and controlling costs.Further research could refine this grouping system and ensure continuous effectiveness and sustainability.

Effect of high-protein peptide-based formula compared with isocaloric isonitrogenous polymeric formula in critically ill surgical patient

BACKGROUND Malnutrition is common in critically ill patients,and it is associated with an increased risk of complications.Early enteral nutrition with adequate caloric and protein intake is critical nevertheless it is difficult to achieve.Peptide-based formulas have been shown to be beneficial in patients with feeding intolerance.However,there are limited studies showing the efficacy and safety of high-protein peptide-based formula in critically ill surgical patients.AIM To determine the effects of a high-protein peptide formulation on gastrointestinal tolerance,nutritional status,biochemical changes,and adverse events in patients in the surgery intensive care unit(SICU)compared to an isocaloric isonitrogenous standard polymeric formulation.METHODS This study was a multi-center double-blind,randomized controlled trial.We enrolled adult patients in the surgical intensive care unit,age≥15 years and expected to receive enteral feeding for at least 5-14 d post-operation.They were randomly assigned to receive either the high-protein peptide-based formula or the isocaloric isonitrogenous standard formula for 14 d.Gastric residual volume(GRV),nutritional status,body composition and biochemical parameters were assessed at baseline and on days 3,5,7,9,11,and 14.RESULTS A total of 19 patients were enrolled,9 patients in the peptide-based formula group and 10 patients in the standard formula group.During the study period,there were no differences of the average GRV,body weight,body composition,nutritional status and biochemical parameters in the patients receiving peptide-based formula,compared to the standard regimen.However,participants in the standard formula lost their body weight,body mass index(BMI)and skeletal muscle mass significantly.While body weight,BMI and muscle mass were maintained in the peptide-based formula,from baseline to day 14.Moreover,the participants in the peptide-based formula tended to reach their caloric target faster than the standard formula.CONCLUSION The study emphasizes the importance of early nutritional support in the SICU and showed the efficacy and safety of a high-protein,peptide-based formula in meeting caloric and protein intake targets while maintaining body weight and muscle mass.

Comparison of Surgical Techniques Used in Treating Acromioclavicular Dislocation in Patients Participating in Sports: A Systematic Review

Introduction: The acromioclavicular joint is a superficial diarthrodial joint that surrounds the medial articular facet of the acromion and the distal portion of the clavicle. Due to its anatomy and biomechanics, it is highly susceptible to trauma and in young men who play contact sports, acromioclavicular dislocation is common. This article aimed to systematically review the literature and compare the surgical techniques used in the treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation in patients who practice sports. Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the International Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Eligible studies for this systematic review included articles in English or Spanish published between 2013 and 2023, which mention the occurrence of acromioclavicular dislocation during sports practices. Additionally, only studies that addressed the surgical treatment of acromion-clavicular dislocation and contained original data on the topic were included. Results: We found 144 eligible studies after searching the LILACS and PubMed databases. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the reviewers’ consensus, we selected four studies for the systematic review. 133 patients with AC joint displacement were evaluated. Mean Age: approximately 31.90 years. 81.92 of these injuries occurred during sports practice. Surgical Procedures Used: titanium plates fixation (49 patients), arthroscopy (24), single tunnel technique (30) and coracoid sling technique (30). The results of the visual analog scale and Constant-Murley scores varied between the techniques used. Twenty-two complications after surgical treatment were identified. Conclusion: A significant variability of operative techniques can be used in the surgical approach of acromioclavicular dislocation, such as arthroscopy, single tunnel, coracoid sling and titanium plates. Although it presented excellent functional results compared to the other three techniques evaluated by this review, using titanium plates is not the gold standard since other techniques not assessed by this work may be more effective.

Optimizing postsurgical recovery for elderly patients with gastric cancer

Based on a recent study by Li et al,this editorial examines the significance of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)protocols for elderly patients with gastric cancer.Cancer-related mortality,which is overwhelmingly caused by gastric cancer,calls for effective treatment strategies.Despite advances in the field of oncology,conventional postoperative care often results in prolonged hospital stays and increased complications.The aim of ERAS is to expedite recovery,reduce surgical stress,and improve patient satisfaction.The study of Li et al showed that,compared to traditional care,ERAS significantly reduces mortality risk,shortens hospital stays,and decreases postoperative complications.These findings support the widespread implementation of ERAS protocols in surgical practice to enhance patient outcomes and healthcare value.

Preventing surgical site infection using operating room bundle of care in patients undergoing elective exploratory laparotomy cholecystectomy surgery

Objective:Surgical procedures manifest immense risks to patients.One of the adverse events that healthcare professionals see as a threat to the patient’s health is the development of complications known as surgical site infection(SSI).Although several effor ts are being under taken to determine the proper means to reduce such complications,there is still a high incidence of SSI worldwide.Surgery requires knowledge in infection control and high precision in maintaining a clean surgical site.This study tested the effectiveness of an operating room(OR)bundle of care in preventing SSI in patients undergoing elective exploratory laparotomy cholecystectomy surgery.Methods:A quasi-experimental pretest and posttest design was utilized to determine its effectiveness.The study was composed of 60 par ticipants divided into two groups:30 subjects were selected to receive the OR bundle of care,while the other 30 subjects received the usual care.The groupings were determined through a systematic random sampling technique.The OR bundle of care had three interventions,namely:(1)maintaining perioperative normothermia,(2)no pre-operative surgical site hair removal,and(3)changing gloves before abdominal wall closure.These patients were evaluated using the standard instrument,Bates–Jensen Wound Assessment Tool(BWAT)in the post-intervention phases of the wound healing process,which are as follows:hemostasis,inflammatory,and proliferative phases.To describe the difference in the patients’wound status after implementation of the OR bundle of care in each post-intervention phase,Friedman’s test was used.To describe the difference in the patients’wound status in both groups after implementation of the OR bundle of care,the Mann–Whitney U test was used.Results:The patient’s wound status was lower,indicating a more healing process.Differences between the wound status of the control and the experimental group were observed on the third postoperative day.This indicates that the experimental group’s wound status healed much faster and more effectively than the control group based on the BWAT scoring severity scoring.A significant difference in the patient’s wound status from the hemostasis phase compared with the proliferative phase was observed.Conclusions:The OR bundle of care has been shown to be effective in preventing SSI in patients who had undergone exploratory laparotomy cholecystectomy surgery in the selected hospital,if there is uniform and consistent implementation of the said intervention.

Enteral nutrition administration in a surgical intensive care unit:Achieving goals with better strategies

AIM: To evaluate the impact of an enteral feeding protocol on administration of nutrition to surgical intensive care unit(SICU) patients.METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients initiated on enteral nutrition(EN) support during their stay in a 14 bed SICU. Data collected over a seven-day period included date of tube feed initiation, rate initiated, subsequent hourly rates, volume provided daily, and the nature and length of interruptions. The six months prior to implementation of the feeding protocol(pre-intervention) and six months after implementation(post-intervention) were compared. One hundred and four patients met criteria for inclusion; 53 were preintervention and 51 post-intervention.RESULTS: Of the 624 patients who received nutrition support during the review period, 104 met the criteria for inclusion in the study. Of the 104 patients who met criteria outlined for inclusion, 64 reached the calculated goal rate(pre = 28 and post = 36). The median time to achieve the goal rate was significantly shorter in the post-intervention phase(3 d vs 6 d; P = 0.01). The time to achieve the total recommended daily volume showeda non-significant decline in the post-intervention phase(P = 0.24) and the overall volume administered daily was higher in the post-intervention phase(61.6% vs 53.5%; P = 0.07). While the overall interruptions data did not reach statistical significance, undocumented interruptions(interruptions for unknown reasons) were lower in the post-intervention phase(pre = 23/124, post = 9/96; P = 0.06).CONCLUSION: A protocol delineating the initiation and advancement of EN support coupled with ongoing education can improve administration of nutrition to SICU patients.

Short-and long-term health implications of surgical intensive care in the elderly

Background: Treatment of elderly patients on intensive care units is an increasing challenge all over the world. Objectives: To evaluate short- term survival and long-term quality of life im-plications of intensive care for the elderly. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 314 patients 75 years of age or more requiring over 48 hours of intensive care. Results: In multivariate analy-sis, significant risk factors for mortality were chronic renal impairment (OR for survival .30, p 24 h (OR 4.5), hemodialysis (OR 6.8), and vasopressor therapy (OR 2.5, p < 0.001 for each). A health survey questionnaire in an up to 60-month follow-up of 28 patients revealed considerably lower physi-cal subscores of our patients compared to the general elderly population. Conclusions: Elderly patients benefit from intensive care in terms of survival. Complications are frequent, as are severe consequences for long-term quality of life. Short-term mortality in elderly intensive care patients correlates most closely to pre- existing disease, not age.

Is perioperative home the future of surgical patient care?

Perioperative home （PH） or perioperative surgical home （PSH） is a patient centered medical service or primary care provider aimed at share decision-making and seamless continuity of care for the surgical patient. The goal is to improve operational efficiency, decrease resource utilization, reduce length of hospital/intensive care unit （ICU） stay and readmission, and to decrease complication and mortality rates. PH is an innovative model of delivering health care during the entire patient surgical/procedural experience. This model is centered around patient from the time of the decision for surgery till the patients have recovered and returned to the care of themselves.

SARS-CoV-2, surgeons and surgical masks

The exact risk association of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)for surgeons is not quantified which may be affected by their risk of exposure and individual factors.The objective of this review is to quantify the risk of COVID-19 among surgeons,and explore whether facemask can minimise the risk of COVID-19 among surgeons.A systematised review was carried out by searching MEDLINE to locate items on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or COVID-19 in relation to health care workers(HCWs)especially those work in surgical specialities including surgical nurses and intensivists.Additionally,systematic reviews that assessed the effectiveness of facemask against viral respiratory infections,including COVID-19,among HCWs were identified.Data from identified articles were abstracted,synthesised and summarised.Fourteen primary studies that provided data on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection or experience among surgeons and 11 systematic reviews that provided evidence of the effectiveness of facemask(and other personal protective equipment)were summarised.Although the risk of COVID-19 could not be quantified precisely among surgeons,about 14%of HCWs including surgeons had COVID-19,there could be variations depending on settings.Facemask was found to be somewhat protective against COVID-19,but the HCWs’compliance was highly variable ranging from zero to 100%.Echoing surgical societies’guidelines we continue to recommend facemask use among surgeons to prevent COVID-19.

充分发挥护理在感控中的作用,提升医疗质量安全水平

在健康中国建设的关键时期,国家卫生健康委员会发布了一系列文件,旨在全面提升医疗质量并改善患者体验。医院感染预防与控制是保证医疗质量的基础和重要措施,护理管理者应提升认识,发挥其领导力,推动护理人员落实感控措施,在降低导管相关感染、手术部位感染等方面取得成效,提升护理专业影响力和价值。

膝骨关节炎非手术治疗患者运动干预的最佳证据总结

目的总结膝骨关节炎非手术治疗患者运动干预的最佳证据,为临床膝骨关节炎非手术治疗患者的运动康复提供参考。方法确定循证问题,依照“6S”证据模型,计算机检索JBI循证卫生保健中心数据库、BMJ、英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所指南网等国内外数据库中关于膝骨关节炎非手术治疗患者运动干预的所有证据,包括指南、系统评价、证据总结、专家共识、临床决策、随机对照试验,检索时限为2018年2月10日至2023年2月10日。由2名研究者独立完成文献质量评价、证据提取和总结。结果共纳入12篇文献,其中指南6篇,系统评价2篇,专家共识2篇以及随机对照试验2篇。从运动原则、运动评估、运动类型、运动强度、运动频率和时间、运动监测6个方面共汇总27条最佳证据。结论膝骨关节炎患者运动方案的制定应遵循运动频率、强度、时间和类型原则,医护人员在临床应结合患者自身状况意愿、证据应用情境等因素选择证据,个体化制定患者的运动干预计划。

医护协同管理规范机器人辅助恶性肿瘤手术隔离技术操作标准的研究

目的探讨护士主导医护协同管理模式以规范机器人辅助恶性肿瘤手术隔离技术操作的具体方法。方法选择2021年8月—2023年7月在聊城市人民医院手术室实施达芬奇机器人操作的328例恶性肿瘤手术患者作为研究对象。将2021年8月—2022年7月的158例手术患者设为管理前组,将2022年8月—2023年7月的170例手术患者设为管理后组。管理后成立医护协同管理团队,团队成员通过加强隔离技术管理,制定机器人手术隔离技术操作关键点并组织实施。比较2组手术隔离技术并发症发生情况、管理前后医护人员隔离技术操作正确率及理论考核成绩。结果管理后组手术隔离技术并发症总发生率为3.53%,低于管理前组的13.92%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);管理后组医护隔离技术操作正确率为94.43%,高于管理前组的56.80%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);管理后组理论考核成绩为(96.75±3.25)分,高于管理前组的(75.25±15.35)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论以护士主导,医护协同管理模式强化机器人辅助恶性肿瘤手术隔离技术操作可降低相关并发症,提高手术质量与手术效果。

医护联合教学模式在SICU本科护生护理临床带教中的应用

目的 探讨医护联合教学模式在外科重症监护病房(Surgical Intensive Care Unit,SICU)实习的本科护生护理临床带教中的应用效果。方法 将2021年6月至2022年6月在福建省某“三甲”医院SICU临床实习的120名本科护生随机分为对照组(2021年6—12月本科护生55名)和观察组(2022年1—6月本科护生65名),对照组采用传统一对一独立教学模式,观察组采用医护联合教学模式。于第4周实习结束前对护生进行理论、技能操作及护理查房考核,同时组织护生进行教学方法及教学满意度测评。结果 观察组护生的理论成绩、技能操作成绩、护理教学查房成绩及对临床带教的满意度均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);同时观察组护生的学习兴趣、学习主动性、知识拓展水平、病情观察能力、分析解决问题能力、沟通交流能力、应急处理能力、技能操作水平、归纳总结能力及团队协作能力等均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 医护联合教学模式在SICU本科实习护生临床带教中的应用效果良好,可明显改善SICU临床教学质量及教学效果,极大地提升了护生对临床带教的满意度。

叙事护理联合加速康复外科理念在腹腔镜下全子宫切除术患者手术护理中的应用价值

目的探索分析在腹腔镜下全子宫切除术患者手术护理中叙述护理联合加速康复外科理念的应用价值。方法选取本院收治的300例腹腔镜下全子宫切除术患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为两组,各150例。对照组实施传统手术护理,观察组采取叙事护理联合加速康复外来理念。比较两组临床应用效果。结果观察组麻醉复苏时间、术后下床活动时间、住院时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,两组SAS评分、SDS评分均降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在腹腔镜下全子宫切除术患者手术护理中辅助实施叙事护理联合加速康复外科理念干预方案,能明显改善患者心理状态,加快术后身体恢复,降低并发症发生率,值得推广。

一例高龄糖尿病患者猫抓伤致上肢坏死性筋膜炎的手术护理

总结一例高龄糖尿病患者因猫抓伤致上肢坏死性筋膜炎的手术护理经验。护理要点包括加强术前访视、制订术中护理方案、组建多学科团队、确立目标导向的术中循环管理、执行基于循证的集束化术中保温策略、预防术中感染及术中压力性损伤。经过充分的准备与精细化的术中护理,患者手术过程平稳,术后植皮区域的皮瓣存活良好,于第13天顺利出院。

中医特色护理联合快速康复外科理念对髋关节置换术后恢复的观察

目的探究中医特色护理联合快速康复外科(ERAS)理念改善髋部骨折患者术后焦虑、疼痛、髋关节活动度的临床效果。方法选取2021年7月—2023年3月泉州市中医院接受人工髋关节置换术患者60例,使用随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,各30例;对照组予单纯ERAS护理,试验组予中医特色护理结合ERAS护理。比较两组术后焦虑、疼痛情况及髋关节活动度。结果试验组术后1周的焦虑、疼痛及术后2周的髋关节活动度改善明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论中医特色护理联合ERAS理念能进一步改善髋部骨折患者术后焦虑、疼痛情况及髋关节活动度,有助于术后恢复。

主动脉夹层手术决策辅助工具的构建与应用研究

目的构建主动脉夹层手术决策辅助工具,提高主动脉夹层患方决策者的决策质量。方法通过文献分析、专家函询、用户调适等形成主动脉夹层决策辅助工具,于2022年8-10月将心脏大血管外科主动脉夹层手术的患方决策者按病区分为对照组和干预组各35例。对照组行常规健康宣教及术前谈话,干预组在此基础上使用决策辅助工具。比较两组出院前决策冲突、决策准备度、决策满意度。结果主动脉夹层决策辅助工具包含4项一级指标,9项二级指标,31项三级指标。干预组决策冲突得分显著低于对照组,决策准备度及满意度得分显著高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论主动脉夹层手术决策辅助工具具有科学性和实用性,可以减轻患方决策者决策冲突,提高决策质量,实现医患共享决策。

经典型先天性巨结肠手术时机与术前肠道管理的研究进展

先天性巨结肠(Hirschsprung disease,HSCR)是小儿常见的排便障碍性疾病之一,以消化道远端肠管缺乏神经节细胞为病理特点,主要治疗方式为手术切除病变肠管。近年来,随着医疗技术和诊疗理念的进步,80%~90%的患儿新生儿期即可明确诊断。但诊断后何时进行根治手术尚存在争议,目前临床上大多采用新生儿期后的延迟手术方案。明确诊断至接受根治手术期间,需要正确、规范的肠道管理,以缓解远端肠道梗阻,维持患儿排便,预防先天性巨结肠相关性小肠结肠炎(Hirschsprung disease-associated enterocolitis,HAEC),同时确保患儿正常营养需求,维持正常生长发育。本文就HSCR根治手术时机以及术前肠道管理的必要性、肠道管理方式及效果的研究进展进行综述。

微创胸腔镜主动脉瓣置换手术患者术后重症监护的优化效果观察

目的 基于倾向性评分逆概率加权法分析微创胸腔镜手术(MIs)方式行主动脉瓣置换手术(AVR)对患者术后的重症监护的优化效果。方法 选取2019年8月至2022年6月在浙江省人民医院行AVR手术的患者265例。其中117例患者接受微创胸腔镜手术(MIs),为MIs组;148例患者接受胸骨切开术(MS),为MS组。患者术后均进ICU治疗。比较两组患者基线资料。采用倾向性评分逆概率加权法匹配两组患者,比较两组患者主要结局指标重症监护时长及次要结局指标重症监护期间伤口愈合不良、心律失常、肺炎、胸腔积液、卒中、低心排综合征、死亡、主动脉球囊反搏、体外膜肺氧合、气管切开、机械通气时长、术区引流总量、血浆用量、血小板用量、红细胞用量、血制品总用量、手术费用、总计费用以及住院总时间等。结果 两组患者急性生理与慢性健康评分、身高、性别、年龄、感染性心内膜炎、风湿病性心脏病、心肌病等指标比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。与MS组比较,MIs组患者BMI较小、体重较轻、纽约心脏协会分级存在差异、冠心病较多、体外循环时间较短、阻断时间较短,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。采用倾向性评分逆概率加权法匹配后,两组患者基线资料比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);MIs组患者重症监护时长短于MS组(26 h比70 h,χ2=174.763,P<0.01);两组患者伤口愈合不良、心律失常、肺炎、胸腔积液、低心排综合征、死亡、主动脉球囊反搏、体外膜肺氧合、气管切开、血浆用量、血小板用量、红细胞用量、血制品用量、手术费用等指标比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);MIs组患者卒中发生较少、机械通气时间较短、术区引流总量较少、住院总计费用降低、住院总时间缩短,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 患者在同等基线水平下,MIs下行AVR手术相比MS可优化术后监护,不仅可缩短重症监护时长、机械通气支持的时间和住院总时间,同时可减少术后引流量、降低术后卒中并发症的发生率,减少住院总费用。

“并联式”整体护理模式在一体化手术室影像检查安全管理中的应用研究

目的:探讨“并联式”整体护理模式在一体化手术室影像检查安全管理中的应用效果。方法:分别选取2021年1月—12月、2022年1月—12月在医院一体化手术室行手术且术中进行影像检查的病人作为对照组和观察组,其中对照组92例病人,观察组98例病人。对照组采用常规护理流程管理,观察组运用“并联式”整体护理模式进行护理。比较两组病人术中影像检查各环节完成情况、不良事件发生率的差异。结果:观察组影像检查各环节完成质量优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组不良事件发生率低于对照组。结论:“并联式”整体护理模式可有效降低一体化手术室行手术病人的相关风险,保障影像检查及手术的顺利完成。