为弥补传统的广义线性模型(generalized linear model,GLM)方法的不足,并探索模式识别在运动脑科学当中的应用价值。使用支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)模式识别算法,以低频振幅(fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctu...为弥补传统的广义线性模型(generalized linear model,GLM)方法的不足,并探索模式识别在运动脑科学当中的应用价值。使用支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)模式识别算法,以低频振幅(fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations,fALFF)、局部一致性(regional homogeneity,ReHo)和度中心度(degree centrality,DC)作为学习特征,对射击运动组和滑冰运动组(分类1)、射击运动组和对照组(分类2)以及速滑运动组和对照组(分类3)之间进行二分类,并计算每一个脑区在分类算法当中的权重。使用留一交叉验证法计算分类正确率,使用总的准确率、接受者操作特性曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)、以及预测准确率来衡量机器分类算法的优劣性。结果表明:分类1中SVM算法的正确率较高且分类效果更稳定,总的准确率(total accuracy,tACC)可以维持在96.67%以上,曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)均为1,说明SVM算法对区分不同项目运动员脑静息态功能特征时更有优势;在分类2和分类3中,SVM算法效果取决于使用的指标。其中,使用fALFF或者综合使用三个静息态指标的分类效果较稳定(tACC均在80%以上,AUC均在0.88以上);小脑在分类1算法中占较多的权重,提示不同运动项目运动员的脑功能活动之间差异最明显的部位主要在小脑上。而分类2和3中,除了小脑,还有一些与运动执行和控制及其他功能活动相关的脑区参与了算法的构成。通过SVM分类算法的应用获得较为理想的结果,展示了模式识别方法在运动科学领域的应用价值。研究成果有助于体育科学研究者从新的角度更加全面地理解运动与脑的关系。展开更多
As one of the most widely used languages in the world,Chinese language is distinct from most western languages in many properties,thus providing a unique opportunity for understanding the brain basis of human language...As one of the most widely used languages in the world,Chinese language is distinct from most western languages in many properties,thus providing a unique opportunity for understanding the brain basis of human language and cognition.In recent years,non-invasive neuroimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)blaze a new trail to comprehensively study specific neural correlates of Chinese language processing and Chinese speakers.We reviewed the application of functional MRI(fMRI)in such studies and some essential findings on brain systems in processing Chinese.Specifically,for example,the application of task fMRI and resting-state fMRI in observing the process of reading and writing the logographic characters and producing or listening to the tonal speech.Elementary cognitive neuroscience and several potential research directions around brain and Chinese language were discussed,which may be informative for future research.展开更多
目的:观察2型糖尿病(T2DM)伴认知灵活性减退患者的静息态功能连接(FC)特征改变及其与认知灵活性的相关性。方法:回顾性分析24例T2DM伴认知灵活性减退的患者(T2DM+CD)、34例不伴认知灵活性减退的T2DM患者(T2DM-CD)以及31例健康对照(HC)...目的:观察2型糖尿病(T2DM)伴认知灵活性减退患者的静息态功能连接(FC)特征改变及其与认知灵活性的相关性。方法:回顾性分析24例T2DM伴认知灵活性减退的患者(T2DM+CD)、34例不伴认知灵活性减退的T2DM患者(T2DM-CD)以及31例健康对照(HC)。分别对三组受试者使用威斯康辛卡片分类测试(WCST)、斯特鲁普色词测验(Stroop)评估认知灵活性及功能磁共振(fMRI)扫描,观察三组受试者认知灵活性差异、双侧(L. and R.)纹状体(ST)与背外侧前额叶皮质(dlPFC)之间FC的差异,然后分析了认知灵活性与ST-dlPFC通路FC之间的相关,最后进一步分析了T2DM患病状态和认知灵活性对FC改变的交互效应。结果:与T2DM-CD患者及HC相比,T2DM+CD患者WCST总应答数、错误应答数、持续应答数以及用时明显增多,而正确应答数明显减少;Stroop中T2DM+CD患者的正确数、字色矛盾正确数以及字色无关正确数均低于HC。T2DM+CD患者L.ST-L.dlPFC、R.ST-L.dlPFC、R.ST-R.dlPFC之间的FC减低,R.ST-R.dlPFC之间的FC减低与认知灵活性量表评分相关,且T2DM患病状态和认知灵活性对FC的改变存在交互效应。结论:ST-dlPFC之间的FC减低是T2DM特异性认知灵活性受损的神经机制。展开更多
Object: Functional MRI is frequently applied to lateralize language in pre-surgical planning, with potential to localize functionally important cortex too. Here we present BOLD signal activation maps and related funct...Object: Functional MRI is frequently applied to lateralize language in pre-surgical planning, with potential to localize functionally important cortex too. Here we present BOLD signal activation maps and related functional connectivity, in response to three commonly administered fMRI language tasks. Methods: Datasets from 55 pre-surgical fMRI studies were analyzed. Verbal response naming, covert word generation and passive listening tasks were administered in all studies. Single-subject analyses, group analyses and region-of-interest analyses were conducted, and a multi-subject functional connectivity analysis was performed. Results: Single-subject analyses revealed that clinically important language regions were activated in all but three patients using the panel of tasks. Group analyses revealed significant bilateral BOLD signal increases in anterior and posterior language regions in response to verbal response naming and bilateral signal increase in posterior language regions only in response to passive listening. Covert word generation activated anterior language regions bilaterally and posterior language cortex in the dominant hemisphere. Functional connectivity analyses confirmed that activated regions were significantly correlated in all tasks. Conclusion: The findings of single-subject and group analyses add to the evidence supporting the use of a panel of fMRI tasks to map the language network for pre-surgical planning. Our findings support the additional use of functional connectivity analysis in routine language mapping to add to the localization value to fMRI. In addition, the results of our investigation demonstrate these three commonly applied tasks reliably activate unique aspects of the language network, which advocates closer individual inspection, guided by the surgical intervention planned.展开更多
目的通过功能磁共振(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)技术,探讨首发未用药精神分裂症患者静息状态下脑局部自发神经元活动特征。方法采用3.0T功能磁共振成像技术检测13例首次发病且未用药的男性精神分裂症患者与13名年龄...目的通过功能磁共振(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)技术,探讨首发未用药精神分裂症患者静息状态下脑局部自发神经元活动特征。方法采用3.0T功能磁共振成像技术检测13例首次发病且未用药的男性精神分裂症患者与13名年龄和受教育年限相匹配的健康男性静息状态下全脑的活动情况。使用SPM8、REST软件结合局部一致性(regional homogeneity,ReHo)方法对影像学数据进行分析。结果与对照组相比,患者组ReHo降低的脑区为右侧额上回和左侧丘脑,ReHo增高的脑区是右侧颞中回,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论本研究中首发未用药精神分裂症患者存在静息态额叶、颞叶、丘脑功能活动局部一致性异常,ReHo异常可能有助于更好地理解精神分裂症病理机制。展开更多
基金the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(Grants 81790650,81790651,81727808,81627901,and 31771253)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Grants Z171100000117012 and Z181100001518003)the Collaborative Research Fund of the Chinese Institute for Brain Research,Beijing(No.2020-NKXPT-02).
文摘As one of the most widely used languages in the world,Chinese language is distinct from most western languages in many properties,thus providing a unique opportunity for understanding the brain basis of human language and cognition.In recent years,non-invasive neuroimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)blaze a new trail to comprehensively study specific neural correlates of Chinese language processing and Chinese speakers.We reviewed the application of functional MRI(fMRI)in such studies and some essential findings on brain systems in processing Chinese.Specifically,for example,the application of task fMRI and resting-state fMRI in observing the process of reading and writing the logographic characters and producing or listening to the tonal speech.Elementary cognitive neuroscience and several potential research directions around brain and Chinese language were discussed,which may be informative for future research.
文摘目的:观察2型糖尿病(T2DM)伴认知灵活性减退患者的静息态功能连接(FC)特征改变及其与认知灵活性的相关性。方法:回顾性分析24例T2DM伴认知灵活性减退的患者(T2DM+CD)、34例不伴认知灵活性减退的T2DM患者(T2DM-CD)以及31例健康对照(HC)。分别对三组受试者使用威斯康辛卡片分类测试(WCST)、斯特鲁普色词测验(Stroop)评估认知灵活性及功能磁共振(fMRI)扫描,观察三组受试者认知灵活性差异、双侧(L. and R.)纹状体(ST)与背外侧前额叶皮质(dlPFC)之间FC的差异,然后分析了认知灵活性与ST-dlPFC通路FC之间的相关,最后进一步分析了T2DM患病状态和认知灵活性对FC改变的交互效应。结果:与T2DM-CD患者及HC相比,T2DM+CD患者WCST总应答数、错误应答数、持续应答数以及用时明显增多,而正确应答数明显减少;Stroop中T2DM+CD患者的正确数、字色矛盾正确数以及字色无关正确数均低于HC。T2DM+CD患者L.ST-L.dlPFC、R.ST-L.dlPFC、R.ST-R.dlPFC之间的FC减低,R.ST-R.dlPFC之间的FC减低与认知灵活性量表评分相关,且T2DM患病状态和认知灵活性对FC的改变存在交互效应。结论:ST-dlPFC之间的FC减低是T2DM特异性认知灵活性受损的神经机制。
文摘Object: Functional MRI is frequently applied to lateralize language in pre-surgical planning, with potential to localize functionally important cortex too. Here we present BOLD signal activation maps and related functional connectivity, in response to three commonly administered fMRI language tasks. Methods: Datasets from 55 pre-surgical fMRI studies were analyzed. Verbal response naming, covert word generation and passive listening tasks were administered in all studies. Single-subject analyses, group analyses and region-of-interest analyses were conducted, and a multi-subject functional connectivity analysis was performed. Results: Single-subject analyses revealed that clinically important language regions were activated in all but three patients using the panel of tasks. Group analyses revealed significant bilateral BOLD signal increases in anterior and posterior language regions in response to verbal response naming and bilateral signal increase in posterior language regions only in response to passive listening. Covert word generation activated anterior language regions bilaterally and posterior language cortex in the dominant hemisphere. Functional connectivity analyses confirmed that activated regions were significantly correlated in all tasks. Conclusion: The findings of single-subject and group analyses add to the evidence supporting the use of a panel of fMRI tasks to map the language network for pre-surgical planning. Our findings support the additional use of functional connectivity analysis in routine language mapping to add to the localization value to fMRI. In addition, the results of our investigation demonstrate these three commonly applied tasks reliably activate unique aspects of the language network, which advocates closer individual inspection, guided by the surgical intervention planned.
文摘目的通过功能磁共振(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)技术,探讨首发未用药精神分裂症患者静息状态下脑局部自发神经元活动特征。方法采用3.0T功能磁共振成像技术检测13例首次发病且未用药的男性精神分裂症患者与13名年龄和受教育年限相匹配的健康男性静息状态下全脑的活动情况。使用SPM8、REST软件结合局部一致性(regional homogeneity,ReHo)方法对影像学数据进行分析。结果与对照组相比,患者组ReHo降低的脑区为右侧额上回和左侧丘脑,ReHo增高的脑区是右侧颞中回,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论本研究中首发未用药精神分裂症患者存在静息态额叶、颞叶、丘脑功能活动局部一致性异常,ReHo异常可能有助于更好地理解精神分裂症病理机制。
