Functional additives for solid polymer electrolytes in flexible and high-energy-density solid-state lithium-ion batteries

Solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)have become increasingly attractive in solid-state lithium-ion batteries(SSLIBs)in recent years because of their inherent properties of flexibility,processability,and interfacial compatibility.However,the commercialization of SPEs remains challenging for flexible and high-energy-density LIBs.The incorporation of functional additives into SPEs could significantly improve the electrochemical and mechanical properties of SPEs and has created some historical milestones in boosting the development of SPEs.In this study,we review the roles of additives in SPEs,highlighting the working mechanisms and functionalities of the additives.The additives could afford significant advantages in boosting ionic conductivity,increasing ion transference number,improving high-voltage stability,enhancing mechanical strength,inhibiting lithium dendrite,and reducing flammability.Moreover,the application of functional additives in high-voltage cathodes,lithium-sulfur batteries,and flexible lithiumion batteries is summarized.Finally,future research perspectives are proposed to overcome the unresolved technical hurdles and critical issues in additives of SPEs,such as facile fabrication process,interfacial compatibility,investigation of the working mechanism,and special functionalities.

APPROXIMATION OF A CAUCHY-JENSEN ADDITIVE FUNCTIONAL EQUATION IN NON-ARCHIMEDEAN NORMED SPACES

Using the fixed point and direct methods, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the following Cauchy-Jensen additive functional equation 2f（p∑i=1xi＋q∑j=1yj＋2d∑k=1zk/2）=p∑i=1f（xi）＋q∑j=1f（yj）＋2d∑k=1f（zk）,where p, q, d are integers greater than 1, in non-Archimedean normed spaces.

RANDOM APPROXIMATION OF AN ADDITIVE FUNCTIONAL EQUATION OF m-APPOLLONIUS TYPE

In this paper,using the fixed-point and direct methods,we prove the HyersUlam stability of the following m-Appolonius type functional equation：∑mi=1 f（z-xi）=mf（z-1/m2∑mi=1xi）-1/m∑1≤i〈j≤mf（xi＋xj）,where m is a natural number greater than 1,in random normed spaces. 更多还原

REPRESENTATION OF ADDITIVE FUNCTIONALS AND LOCAL TIMES FOR JUMP MARKOV PROCESSES AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL LIMIT THEOREM

The representation of additive functionals and local times for jump Markov processes are obtained. The results of uniformly functional moderate deviation and their applications to birth-death processes are also presented.

Square Root Functional Equation on Positive Cones

A square root functional equation on positive cones of C＇-algebras is introduced and its solution and Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability are investigated.

Adhesive hydrogels in osteoarthritis:from design to application

Osteoarthritis(OA)is the most common type of degenerative joint disease which affects 7%of the global population and more than 500 million people worldwide.One research frontier is the development of hydrogels for OA treatment,which operate either as functional scaffolds of tissue engineering or as delivery vehicles of functional additives.Both approaches address the big challenge:establishing stable integration of such delivery systems or implants.Adhesive hydrogels provide possible solutions to this challenge.However,few studies have described the current advances in using adhesive hydrogel for OA treatment.This review summarizes the commonly used hydrogels with their adhesion mechanisms and components.Additionally,recognizing that OA is a complex disease involving different biological mechanisms,the bioactive therapeutic strategies are also presented.By presenting the adhesive hydrogels in an interdisciplinary way,including both the fields of chemistry and biology,this review will attempt to provide a comprehensive insight for designing novel bioadhesive systems for OA therapy.

Functional inorganic additives in composite solid-state electrolytes for flexible lithium metal batteries

Flexible lithium metal batteries with high capacity and power density have been regarded as the core power resources of wearable electronics.However,the main challenge lies in the limited electrochemical performance of solid-state polymer electrolytes,which hinders further practical applications.Incorporating functional inorganic additives is an effective approach to improve the performance,including increasing ionic conductivity,achieving dendrite inhibiting capability,and improving safety and stability.Herein,this review summarizes the latest developments of functional inorganic additives in composite solid-state electrolytes for flexible metal batteries with special emphasis on their mechanisms,strategies,and cutting-edge applications,in particular,the relationship between them is discussed in detail.Finally,the perspective on future research directions and the key challenges on this topic are outlooked.

Designing Advanced Liquid Electrolytes for Alkali Metal Batteries:Principles,Progress,and Perspectives

The ever-growing pursuit of high energy density batteries has triggered extensive efforts toward developing alkali metal(Li,Na,and K)battery(AMB)technologies owing to high theoretical capacities and low redox potentials of metallic anodes.Typically,for new battery systems,the electrolyte design is critical for realizing the battery electrochemistry of AMBs.Conventional electrolytes in alkali ion batteries are generally unsuitable for sustaining the stability owing to the hyper-reactivity and dendritic growth of alkali metals.In this review,we begin with the fundamentals of AMB electrolytes.Recent advancements in concentrated and fluorinated electrolytes,as well as functional electrolyte additives for boosting the stability of Li metal batteries,are summarized and discussed with a special focus on structure-composition-performance relationships.We then delve into the electrolyte formulations for Na-and K metal batteries,including those in which Na/K do not adhere to the Li-inherited paradigms.Finally,the challenges and the future research needs in advanced electrolytes for AMB are highlighted.This comprehensive review sheds light on the principles for the rational design of promising electrolytes and offers new inspirations for developing stable AMBs with high performance.

Ultra High Early Strength Self-compacting Mortar Based on Sulfoaluminate Cement and Silica Fume

The influences of silica fume and aluminum sulfate on hydration process of sulfoaluminate cement were carried out by ring flow, setting time, hydration heat, XRD and DTG analyses. In addition, mortar mixtures with different functional additives have been studied through compressive strength, flexural strength, volume stability at early age and porosity characterization tests. The results show that the addition of silica fume and aluminum sulfate reduces the fluidity and shortens the setting time of sulfoaluminate cement paste, promoting hydration process and increasing hydration products at early age. In the case of appropriate proportion of mortar, the inclusion of hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, dispersible polypropylene fiber arid organic silicon kind of defoamer can control segregation and bleeding, improve mechanical strength and volume stability at early age, and modify the pore distribution of sulfoaluminate cement mortar, respectively. The sulfoaluminate cement mortar can carry out gravitational grouting in the absence of outside force, the compressive strength of 2 hours and 24 hours have reached 26 and 58 MPa respectively, and have good micro- expansion and tiny.pore distribution characterization.

THERMODYNAMIC FORMALISM FOR SUBADDITIVE SEQUENCE OF DISCONTINUOUS FUNCTIONS

The topological pressure for subadditive sequence of discontinuous functions is defined on any invariant subset having a nested family of subsets in the compact metric space. Two subadditive variational principles associated with two different relatively weak conditions are developed for the defined topological pressure. As an application, we give an example on systems with nonzero Lyapunov exponents.

Some Properties of Conditioned Superdiffusion

Some properties of a conditioned superdiffusion are investigated. By a basic property we obtain for it, a class of linear additive functionals, so-called weighted occupation time, is studied. At last, we get an interesting result about its extinctive property.

A FIXED POINT APPROACH TO THE STABILITY OF A GENERAL MIXED ADDITIVE-CUBIC EQUATION ON BANACH MODULES

Using a fixed-point method, we establish the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of a general mixed additive-cubic equation： f（kx ＋ y） ＋ f（kx - y） = kf（x ＋ y） ＋ kf（x - y） ＋ 2f（kx） - 2kf（x） in Banach modules over a unital Banach algebra.

NOTES ON ERDOS' CONJECTURE

Let Xn,n ≥ 1, be a sequence of independent random variables satisfying P(Xn = 0) = 1 - P(Xn = an) = 1 - 1/Pn, where an,n ≥ 1, is a sequence of real numbers, and Pn is the nth prime,set FN(x) = P (N Xn ≤ x). The authors investigate a conjecture of Erdos in probabilistic number theory and show that in order for the sequence FN to be weakly convergent, it is both sufficient and necessary that there exist three numbers X0 and X1 < X2 such that limsup(FN(X2) - FN(X1)) > 0 holds, and Lo = N→ ∞ lim FN(X0) exists. Moreover, the authors point out that they can also obtain the same result in the weakened case of lim inf P(Xn = 0) > 0.

A Generalized Cubic Functional Equation

In this paper, we determine the general solution of the functional equation f1 （2x ＋ y） ＋ f2（2x - y） = f3（x ＋ y） ＋ f4（x - y） ＋ f5（x） without assuming any regularity condition on the unknown functions f1,f2,f3, f4, f5 ： R→R. The general solution of this equation is obtained by finding the general solution of the functional equations f（2x ＋ y） ＋ f（2x - y） = g（x ＋ y） ＋ g（x - y） ＋ h（x） and f（2x ＋ y） - f（2x - y） = g（x ＋ y） - g（x - y）. The method used for solving these functional equations is elementary but exploits an important result due to Hosszfi. The solution of this functional equation can also be determined in certain type of groups using two important results due to Szekelyhidi.

REPRESENTATION OF SYMMETRIC SUPER-MARTINGALE MULTIPLICATIVE FUNCTIONALS

The authors introduce concepts of even and odd additive functionals and prove that an even martingale continuous additive functional of a symmetric Markov process vanishes identically.A representation for symmetric super-martingale multiplicative functionals are also given.

ADDITIVE FUNCTIONALS AND PERTURBATION OF SEMIGROUP

The perturbation of semigroup by a multiplicative functional with bounded variation is investigated in the frame of weak duality. The strong continuity and Schrodinger type equation of the perturbated semigroup are discussed. A few switching identities and formulae conerning dual additive functionals and Revuz measures are given.

Stability analysis of approximately multidimensional additive mappings on fuzzy spaces

The intention of this paper is to study new additive kind multi-dimensional functional equations inspired by several applications of difference equations in biology,control theory,economics,and computer science,as well as notable implementation of fuzzy ideas in certain situations involving ambiguity or vagueness.In the context of different fuzzy spaces,we demonstrate their various fundamental stabilities related to Ulam stability theory.An appropriate example is given to show how stability result fails when the singular case occurs.The findings of this study suggest that stability results are valid in situations with uncertain or imprecise data.The stability results obtained under these fuzzy spaces are compared with previous stability results.

REPRESENTATION OF MARTINGALE ADDITIVE FUNCTIONALS 0N BANACH SPACES

Assume that B is a separable real Banach space and X(t) is a diffusion process on B. In thispaper, we will establish the representation theorem of martingale additive functionals of X(t).

Path independence of the additive functionals for stochastic differential equations driven by G-lévy processes

In this study,we are interested in stochastic differential equations driven by GLévy processes.We illustrate that a certain class of additive functionals of the equations of interest exhibits the path-independent property,generalizing a few known findings in the literature.The study is ended with many examples.

Functional singular component analysis based functional additive models

We propose a method which uses functional singular component to establish functional additive models. The proposed methodology reduces the curve regression problem to ordinary(i.e., scalar) additive regression problems of the singular components of the predictor process and response process. Consistency of estimators for the nonparametric function and prediction are proved, respectively. A simulation study is conducted to investigate the finite sample performances of the proposed estimators.