A functional approach to improving non-English majors＇ writing proficiency

Problems in generating and organizing ideas, in coherence and language competence are common in non-English majors＇ writings. To improve their writing proficiency, the writing course should have real-life purposes, balance between real and display writing, between product and process approaches, vary writing activities, train strategies in improving coherence, balance the content of feedback and use various forms of feedback.

The Functional Approach： Material and Methods

From 1970 onwards, Halliday worked on the functional aspect of grammar. He mentioned the language as a form of ＂doing＂ rather than a form of ＂knowing＂. He believes that language is what it is because it has to serve certain function. In other words, social demands on language have helped to shape its structure. This theory distinguishes linguistic behavior potential from actual linguistic behavior. That means the speaker can do many things in certain language： making an invitation, expressing hope, inquiry, agreement, refuse and etc. Therefore EFL teaching is to develop the abilities to communicate with others, that is, listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating. This paper wants to discuss Halliday＇s theory about the functional approach and how to make good use of it to the language leaming and teaching.

A systemic functional approach to EFL writing assessment

The present study aims to describe theme choices in students＇ writing with a systemic functional approach. The analysis of a student＇s written work chosen at random shows the student writer can apply various theme types in writing after receiving instruction in reading class. The author hopes to propose the pedagogical implication of teaching functional linguistics knowledge to advanced learners, because it gives the view to the students to write cohesive and coherent texts.

An Analysis of Lyrics Translation Based on Functional Approaches of Reiss——A case study of Qian Li Zhi Wai

As a bridge for cross-cultural communication, Chinese songs, which lay considerable emphasis on literary value of lyrics,play a critical role in promoting Chinese culture. High-qualitytWraanis lation of lyrics is of great importance in cross-cultural process.By conducting a case study of lyrics translation of Qian Li Zhibased on Functional approaches of Reiss—Functional charac-teristics of text types and its links to translation methods, this paper explores practical methods and principles in lyrics translation.

Tailoring MXene Thickness and Functionalization for Enhanced Room‑Temperature Trace NO_(2) Sensing

In this study,precise control over the thickness and termination of Ti3C2TX MXene flakes is achieved to enhance their electrical properties,environmental stability,and gas-sensing performance.Utilizing a hybrid method involving high-pressure processing,stirring,and immiscible solutions,sub-100 nm MXene flake thickness is achieved within the MXene film on the Si-wafer.Functionalization control is achieved by defunctionalizing MXene at 650℃ under vacuum and H2 gas in a CVD furnace,followed by refunctionalization with iodine and bromine vaporization from a bubbler attached to the CVD.Notably,the introduction of iodine,which has a larger atomic size,lower electronegativity,reduce shielding effect,and lower hydrophilicity(contact angle:99°),profoundly affecting MXene.It improves the surface area(36.2 cm^(2) g^(-1)),oxidation stability in aqueous/ambient environments(21 days/80 days),and film conductivity(749 S m^(-1)).Additionally,it significantly enhances the gas-sensing performance,including the sensitivity(0.1119Ωppm^(-1)),response(0.2% and 23%to 50 ppb and 200 ppm NO_(2)),and response/recovery times(90/100 s).The reduced shielding effect of the–I-terminals and the metallic characteristics of MXene enhance the selectivity of I-MXene toward NO2.This approach paves the way for the development of stable and high-performance gas-sensing two-dimensional materials with promising prospects for future studies.

Relaxed Stability Criteria for Time-Delay Systems:A Novel Quadratic Function Convex Approximation Approach

This paper develops a quadratic function convex approximation approach to deal with the negative definite problem of the quadratic function induced by stability analysis of linear systems with time-varying delays.By introducing two adjustable parameters and two free variables,a novel convex function greater than or equal to the quadratic function is constructed,regardless of the sign of the coefficient in the quadratic term.The developed lemma can also be degenerated into the existing quadratic function negative-determination(QFND)lemma and relaxed QFND lemma respectively,by setting two adjustable parameters and two free variables as some particular values.Moreover,for a linear system with time-varying delays,a relaxed stability criterion is established via our developed lemma,together with the quivalent reciprocal combination technique and the Bessel-Legendre inequality.As a result,the conservatism can be reduced via the proposed approach in the context of constructing Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals for the stability analysis of linear time-varying delay systems.Finally,the superiority of our results is illustrated through three numerical examples.

A Functional Approach to Problems of Translating

本文概述了作者的翻译观。 传统翻译理论注重语言表达方式的相互转换,但往往达不到原著的效果,有时甚至无法理解。本文主张翻译应把重点放在两种语言表达方式所起功能的对等上。 文章列举了语言的各种基本功能,概括分析了各种语言中表达方式及其功能的异同,论述了功能翻译理论的基本方法及其必要性。

FUZZY APPROACHING SET AND FUZZYAPPROACHING FUNCTIONAL MAPPING

By establishing the concepts of fuzzy approaching set and fuzzy approaching functional mapping and making research on them, a new method for time series prediction is introduced.

A Matrix-Based Approach for Sustainability in Product Design

The paper proposes a matrix-based approach that a designer can use to evaluate the sustainability of one or more design solutions in the conceptual phase of a product development process. The methodology is structured in two main phases. In the first one, a data structure, called Augmented-DSM （Design Structure Matrix）, has to be drawn in order to collect design information such as functional links among product components, indicators that provide information about the life cycle of each element, connections with the environment and toward other systems. The matrix is based on a DSM format, where new records were introduced to store and organize different types of data and an editing protocol was formalized. In the second stage, a set of procedures have to be applied in order to evaluate sustainability of a design solution and compare it with the others. The presented procedures, in fact, allow designers to assess a product in its proper characteristics, evaluate a device during its use stage and verify the coherence of links present in the functional model. This new approach is conceived to manage different performance indicators and, as a support tool, it is an attempt to aid designers in a quantitative evaluation.

A hyperbolic function approach to constructing exact solitary wave solutions of the Hybrid lattice and discrete mKdV lattice

Some new exact solitary wave solutions of the Hybrid lattice and discrete mKdV lattice are obtained by using a hyperbolic function approach. This approach can also be applied to other nonlinear differential-difference equations.

A DUAL-RELAX PENALTY FUNCTION APPROACH FOR SOLVING NONLINEAR BILEVEL PROGRAMMING WITH LINEAR LOWER LEVEL PROBLEM

The penalty function method, presented many years ago, is an important nu- merical method for the mathematical programming problems. In this article, we propose a dual-relax penalty function approach, which is significantly different from penalty func- tion approach existing for solving the bilevel programming, to solve the nonlinear bilevel programming with linear lower level problem. Our algorithm will redound to the error analysis for computing an approximate solution to the bilevel programming. The error estimate is obtained among the optimal objective function value of the dual-relax penalty problem and of the original bilevel programming problem. An example is illustrated to show the feasibility of the proposed approach.

Ideal Spin Hydrodynamics from the Wigner Function Approach

Based on the Wigner function in local equilibrium, we derive hydrodynamical quantities for a system of polarized spin-1/2 particles: the particle number current density, the energy-momentum tensor, the spin tensor, and the dipole moment tensor. Compared with ideal hydrodynamics without spin, additional terms at the first and second orders in the Knudsen number Κ_(n) and the average spin polarization Χ_(s) have been derived. The Wigner function can be expressed in terms of matrix-valued distributions, whose equilibrium forms are characterized by thermodynamical parameters in quantum statistics. The equations of motion for these parameters are derived by conservation laws at the leading and next-to-leading order Κ_(n) and Χ_(s).

Three-dimensional Analysis of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Plate with Arbitrarily Distributed Material Properties

An orthotropic functionally graded piezoelectric rectangular plate with arbitrarily distributed material properties was studied, which is simply supported and grounded（electrically） on its four lateral edges. The state equations of the functionally graded piezoelectric material were obtained using the state-space approach, and a Peano-Baker series solution was obtained for the coupled electroelastic fi elds of the functionally graded piezoelectric plate subjected to mechanical and electric loading on its upper and lower surfaces. The influence of different distributions of material properties on the structural response of the plate was studied using the obtained solutions.

A Unified Approach to the Thermodynamics and Quantum Scaling Functions of One-Dimensional Strongly Attractive SU(w) Fermi Gases

We present a unified derivation of the pressure equation of states, thermodynamics and scaling functions for the one-dimensional （1D） strongly attractive Fermi gases with SU（w） symmetry. These physical quantities provide a rigorous understanding on a universality class of quantum criticality characterized by the critical exponents z = 2 and correlation length exponent v= 1/2. Such a universality class of quantum criticality can occur when the Fermi sea of one branch of charge bound states starts to fill or becomes gapped at zero temperature. The quantum critical cone can be determined by the double peaks in specific heat, which serve to mark two crossover temperatures fanning out from the critical point. Our method opens to further study on quantum phases and phase transitions in strongly interacting fermions with large SU （ w） and non-SU （ w ） symmetries in one dimension.

H_(∞)/Passive Synchronization of Semi-Markov Jump Neural Networks Subject to Hybrid Attacks via an Activation Function Division Approach

In this work,an H_(∞)/passive-based secure synchronization control problem is investigated for continuous-time semi-Markov neural networks subject to hybrid attacks,in which hybrid attacks are the combinations of denial-of-service attacks and deception attacks,and they are described by two groups of independent Bernoulli distributions.On this foundation,via the Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality technology,the H_(∞)/passive-based performance criteria for semi-Markov jump neural networks are obtained.Additionally,an activation function division approach for neural networks is adopted to further reduce the conservatism of the criteria.Finally,a simulation example is provided to verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.

ON STABILITY OF SOLUTIONS OF CERTAIN FOURTH-ORDER DELAY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

By the use of the Liapunov functional approach, a new result is obtained to ascertain the asymptotic stability of zero solution of a certain fourth-order non-linear differential equation with delay. The established result is less restrictive than those reported in the literature.

Discrete doubly periodic and solitary wave solutions for the semi-discrete coupled mKdV equations

In this paper, the improved Jacobian elliptic function expansion approach is extended and applied to constructing discrete solutions of the semi-discrete coupled modified Korteweg de Vries （mKdV） equations with the aid of the symbolic computation system Maple. Some new discrete Jacobian doubly periodic solutions are obtained. When the modulus m →1, these doubly periodic solutions degenerate into the corresponding solitary wave solutions, including kink-type, bell-type and other types of excitations.

Optimal Placement of Active Members in Truss Adaptive Structures

The mathematical model of optimal placement of active members in truss adaptive structures is essentially a nonlinear multi-objective optimization problem with mixed variables. It is usually much difficult and costly to be solved. In this paper, the optimal location of active members is treated in terms of （0, 1） discrete variables. Structural member sizes, control gains, and （0, 1） placement variables are treated simultaneously as design variables. Then, a succinct and reasonable compromise scalar model, which is transformed from original multi-objective optimization, is established, in which the （0, 1） discrete variables are converted into an equality constraint. Secondly, by penalty function approach, the subsequent scalar mixed variable compromise model can be formulated equivalently as a sequence of continuous variable problems. Thirdly, for each continuous problem in the sequence, by choosing intermediate design variables and temporary critical constraints, the approximation concept is carried out to generate a sequence of explicit approximate problems which enhance the quality of the approximate design problems. Considering the proposed method, a FORTRAN program OPAMTAS2.0 for optimal placement of active members in truss adaptive structures is developed, which is used by the constrained variable metric method with the watchdog technique （CVMW method）. Finally, a typical 18 bar truss adaptive structure as test numerical examples is presented to illustrate that the design methodology set forth is simple, feasible, efficient and stable. The established scalar mixed variable compromise model that can avoid the ill-conditioned possibility caused by the different orders of magnitude of various objective functions in optimization process, therefore, it enables the optimization algorithm to have a good stability. On the other hand, the proposed novel optimization technique can make both discrete and continuous variables be optimized simultaneously.

A Criterion for Stability of Synchronization and Application to Coupled Chua's Systems

We investigate synchronization in an array network of nearest-neighbor coupled chaotic oscillators. By using of the Lyapunov stability theory and matrix theory, a criterion for stability of complete synchronization is deduced. Meanwhile, an estimate of the critical coupling strength is obtained to ensure achieving chaos synchronization. As an example application, a model of coupled Chua＇s circuits with linearly bidirectional coupling is studied to verify the validity of the criterion.

Synchronization in Oscillator Networks with Nonlinear Coupling

Synchronization in coupled oscillator networks has attracted much attention from many fields of science and engineering. In this paper, it is firstly proved that the oscifiator network with nonlinear coupling is also eventually dissipative under the hypothesis of eventual dissipation of the uncoupled oscillators. And the dynamics of the network is analyzed in its absorbing domain by combining two methods developed recently. Suufficient conditions for synchronization in the oscillator networks with nonlinear coupling are obtained. The two methods are combined effectively and the results embody the respective merits of the two methods. Numerical simulations confirm the validity of the results.