Effects of Fungi Fusarium sp. to Rhizosphere Soil and Physiological Characteristics of Camellia oleifera Abel.

[Objectives]To study the effects of fungi Fusarium sp.to rhizosphere soil and physiological characteristics of Camellia oleifera Abel.[Methods]We investigated the effects of Fusarium sp.to rhizosphere soil nutrient element content and metabolites of C.oleifera.C.oleifera was inoculated with the suspension of Fusarium sp.in pot experiments and ammonium-N,available phosphorus,available potassi-um,organic matter,enzymes and pH of rhizosphere soil,MDA content,activity of SOD,POD of C.oleifera leaves were analyzed.[Results]Fusarium sp.stress significantly inhibited soil enzyme activities and significantly reduced available phosphorus content,especially for phospha-tase and sucrase.Antioxidant enzyme activities in C.oleifera tissues showed that Fusarium sp.stress significantly increased MDA and SOD enzyme activities and decreased POD enzyme activity.Especially,SOD enzyme activity was elevated by 53.86%compared with the CK group.In addition,analysis of the content of major metabolites in C.oleifera leaves showed that Fusarium sp.stress significantly reduced the content of total flavonoids,quercetin,isoquercitrin and isoquercitrin in C.oleifera leaves by 7.80%,50.00%and 75.90%,respectively.[Conclusions]Our results are an important step which showed strong resistance of C.oleifera and can give a novel insight for researches on the effects in the rhizosphere soil enzyme,soil nutrient elements and metabolites of C.oleifera under the Fusarium sp.too.

霸王鞭内生真菌Fusarium sp.DCJ-A发酵物的次生代谢产物研究

采用多种色谱方法对分离自大戟属植物霸王鞭(Euphorbia royleana Boiss)的内生真菌Fusarium sp.DCJ-A的发酵物进行提取和分离,所得化合物的结构通过核磁共振波谱法进行了结构解析,共鉴定了8个化合物,其中包括2个含氧杂环化合物、3个含氮杂环化合物以及3个苯环衍生物,分别为:1 H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid(1)、4-methlpyrazole-3(5)-carboxylic acid(2)、p-hydroxy phenylacetic acid(3)、methyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate(4)、methyl-4-butyranmiddobenzoate(5)、6-(1-hydroxypentyl)-4-methoxy-2 H-pyran-2-one(6)、(3 S,6R)-6-(l-methylethyl)-3-phenylmethyl-l,4-perhydrooxazine-2,5-dione(7)和xylophone(8),其中化合物2、5、7和8共4个化合物均首次从镰刀菌属Fusarium中分离得到.

Isolation and Identification of Shoot-Tip Associated Endophytic Bacteria from Banana cv. Grand Naine and Testing for Antagonistic Activity against <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>f. sp. <i>cubense</i>

Endophytic bacteria colonizing the shoot-tips of banana cv. Grand Naine were isolated and tested for the antagonistic activity against the Panama wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). Pre-isolation, the suckers were given extensive disinfection treatments and the homogenate from the excised shoot-tip portion was plated on nutrient agar (NA) and trypticase soy agar (TSA). This yielded altogether 47 isolates: 26 on NA and 21 on TSA, respectively, from the 10 suckers collected during August to February. The number of bacterial isolates obtained per sucker varied from one to 15 based on colony characteristics registering up to 10 distinct species per shoot-tip based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The 47 isolates belonged to 19 genera and 25 species under the phylogenetic classes of Actinobacteria, α- and γ-Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Actinobacteria constituted the predominant phylum (55% isolates) with the constituent genera of Arthrobacter, Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, Curtobacterium, Kocuria, Kytococcus, Micrococcus, Naumanella, Rothia and Tessaracoccus spp. and an unidentified isolate belonging to the family Frankiaceae. Proteobacteria constituted the second major phylum (Brevundimonas, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Serratia and Sphingomonas spp.) followed by Firmicutes (Bacillus and Staphylococcus spp.). Antagonistic activity of the endophytes against Foc was tested through agar plate assays (pit and spot applications on fungal lawn) employing potato dextrose agar and NA. Endophytic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (isolate GNS.13.2a) which was associated with a single sucker showed significant growth inhibition effect on Foc while Klebsiella variicola (GNS.13.3a) and Enterobacter cloacae (GNS13.4a) exhibited moderate inhibition. The study brings out considerable sucker to sucker variation in the associated cultivable endophytic bacteria in “Grand Naine” banana and identifies a few bacterial endophytes with biocontrol potential against the devastating Foc pathogen.

5′-Hydroxyzearalenol,a new β-resorcylic macrolide from Fusarium sp. 05ABR26

A new β-resorcylic macrolide, 5＇-hydroxyzearalenol （1）, was isolated from the culture broth of a marine-derived fungus Fusarium sp. 05ABR26. Three known compounds, zearalenone （2）, 8＇-hydroxyzearalenone （3） and zearalenol （4） were also isolated. The structure and relative stereochemistry of 1 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Compound 2 displayed potent inhibitory activity against Pyricularia oryzae with a MIC value of 6.25 μg/mL, while compound 3 was much less active; however, 1 and 4 showed no obvious activity.

Biological Characteristics of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.niveum Isolated from Watermelon Cultivated in Plastic Greenhouse and Indoor Toxicity Determination of Different Fungicides in Hainan Province of China

[ Objective] The paper was to study biological characteristics of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum in watermelon cultivated in plastic greenhouse in Hainan Province of China and to determine indoor toxicity of fungicides. [ Method] Effects of various factors on mycelial growth and spore germination were stud- ied, and the lethal temperature of spores and indoor toxicity of fungicides were also determined. [Result] The fungal mycelium had a better growth rate on water- melon juice medium than the others. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and spore germination were 28 ℃ and 30 ℃, and the optimum pH values were 7 - 8 and 7 - 9, respectively. Light-dark alternation was conducive for mycelial growth. The lethal temperature of spore was 60 ℃ for 5 min. The fungal mycelium grew better while taking fructose and glucose as carbon sources and yeast extract and peptone as nitrogen sources. Toxicity determination showed that 50% pro- chloraz-manganese chloride complex WP had the greatest inhibition effect on mycelial growth, with the ECso value of 0.730 9 μg/mL; followed by 32.5% benzoic azoxystrobin SC, 30% benzoylate· propieanazol EC, 10% difenoconazole WG, 25% bromothalonil · carbendazim WP and 25% bromothalonil WP, with the ECso values from 1.884 7μg/mL to 8. 161 0μg/mL. [Conclusion] The study provided basic data for field control against F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum on watermelon cultivated in plastic greenhouse in Hainan Province.

Fusagerins A–F,New Alkaloids from the Fungus Fusarium sp.

Fusagerins A–F(1–6),six new alkaloids including a unique one with the rare a-(N-formyl)carboxamide moiety(1),a hydantoin(imidazolidin-2,4-dione)derivative(2),and four fungerin analogues(3–6),were isolated from the crude extract of the fungus Fusarium sp.,together with the known compound fungerin(7).Compound 2 was isolated as a racemate and further separated into two enantiomers on a chiral HPLC column.The structures of 1–6 were determined mainly by NMR experiments,and the absolute configuration of 1 and 2 was assigned by electronic circular dichroism(ECD)calculations.Compound 7 showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae,and weak cytotoxicity against the T24 cells.

Characterization of Fusarium Oxysporum Isolates Obtained from Wax Gourd and Chieh-qua in China by Pathogenicity, RAMs and Sequence Analysis of the rDNA Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS1 and ITS2)

Wax gourd (Benincasa hispida Thumb. Cogn) is called white gourd, winter melon, Chinese preserving melon, Chinese squash, and don kwa. It has been cultivated in China for over 2 300 years. It probably

互花米草内生真菌Fusarium sp.F4中的活性代谢物

目的:研究海草Spartina alterniflora中内生真菌Fusarium sp.F4中的活性代谢物。方法:经硅胶、Sephadex LH-20反复柱层析分离纯化并通过波谱分析鉴定了6个化合物。结果:6个化合物分别被鉴定为麦角甾醇(Ⅰ)、过氧化麦角甾醇(Ⅱ)、白僵菌素(Ⅲ),T-2毒素(Ⅳ),ilicicolin H(Ⅴ),alcaligin(Ⅵ)。结论:化合物Ⅴ、Ⅵ为首次从该属真菌中发现。全归属了化合物V的氢谱数据。药理实验表明化合物III对结核分枝杆菌毒株(Mycorbacterium tuberculosis H37RV)有显著抑制。

海草内生真菌Fusariumsp.F-1化学成分研究

从海草互花米草 (Spartinaalterniflora)中分离到真菌Fusariumsp .,从该菌株的培养物中首次分离到 5个化合物 ,经TLC对照 ,MS ,NMR等光谱技术鉴定 ,确定其结构分别为麦角甾醇 (Ⅰ )、过氧化麦角甾醇 (Ⅱ )、肉桂酸 (Ⅲ )、对羟基苯丙酸 (Ⅳ )和白僵菌素 (Ⅴ )。

南海海洋真菌Fusariumsp.(#2489)的代谢产物

首次对南海海洋真菌Fusariumsp.( #2489)的代谢产物进行研究 ,从菌体和培养液中共分离纯化得10个化合物。它们的结构通过IR,MS,NMR谱以及元素分析推导确定。其中(3′E,4E) 1 β D 吡喃葡萄糖基 3 羟基 2 (2′ 羟基十八碳酰基 )氨基 10 甲基 3′,4,9 十八碳三烯(A)是鞘胺醇甙 。

生防镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.)对烟草列当的防效

为了减轻列当对烟草的危害,利用自主分离纯化并繁殖的生防镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.)进行了烟田列当防治试验。结果表明,烟田土壤先用硫磺调节酸碱度后再穴施生防菌,然后在列当寄生前期分3次向土壤中喷施生防菌的效果最好,可推迟列当出土时间3 d,生防菌对列当的寄生率为31.20%,对烟田列当的防治效果达62.44%,同时烟田其他病害发生情况最轻,烟叶产量为4895 kg/hm2,上中等烟比例达89.89%,比对照提高33.95%。

镰刀霉菌(Fusarium sp)JN158紫色素的提取及理化性质

研究了由镰刀霉菌(Fusarium sp)JN158发酵所产紫色素的提取条件和理化性质,结果表明:该紫色素的提取溶剂为体积分数95%乙醇溶液;紫色素在酸性条件下对温度,光照,柠檬酸和苯甲酸钠有较好的稳定性;最大吸收波长为310 nm和510 nm;对H2O2和Na2SO3敏感;蔗糖与葡萄糖有增色效果;金属离子Zn2+、Na+、Ca2+对色素稳定性无影响,K+、Mg2+、Fe3+、Al3+、Cu2+对色素影响较大。

添加淀粉和通气对固定化Fusarium.sp修复煤矿区老化污染土壤HMW-PAHs的影响

为了提高Fusarium.sp对PAHs的修复效果,在典型煤矿区老化污染土壤中添加淀粉和通气,经为期60 d的土壤培养试验,研究玉米秸秆固定化Fusarium.sp对土壤10种HMW-PAHs的修复效果及不同处理下土壤中酶活性变化规律。结果表明：HMWPAHs（High molecular weight-PAHs）总量去除率表现为固定化菌剂＋淀粉＋通气处理（J＋D＋O,29.19%）≈固定化菌剂＋淀粉处理（J＋D,25.89%）〉固定化菌剂处理（J,16.54%）;4环、5环和6环PAHs去除率在J＋D＋O和J＋D两组处理间的差异均不显著,且与J处理相比均有显著提高（P〈0.05）;三组处理对单个HMW-PAH的去除率分别为9.12%~21.73%、17.93%~43.12%、24.34%~35.79%,J＋D＋O和J＋D处理对单个HMW-PAH的修复效果均有显著促进作用,其中,对Bk F的去除增幅最大,分别增加了68.09%、63.78%。从酶活性规律看,土壤过氧化氢酶活性呈CK〉J〉J＋D〉J＋D＋O（P〈0.05）的规律,且与10种PAHs单体的去除率呈显著或极显著负相关;土壤木质素过氧化物酶活性却与Chry、Bk F、In P、Db A、Bghi P去除率呈显著正相关。综上认为,不同处理对单个PAHs的去除具有其选择性,且添加淀粉的两处理均显著提高了土壤中HMW-PAHs的修复效果。

海洋真菌Fusarium sp.次级代谢产物的研究

采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、开放ODS柱色谱以及HPLC等方法从海洋真菌Fusariumsp.的菌丝体中分离得到5个化合物,通过波谱数据及理化性质分别鉴定为3β,15β-二羟基-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-5,8(14),22-三烯-7-酮(1)、3β,5α,9α-三羟基-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-6-酮(2)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(3)、5α,8α-过氧-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(4)和丁二酸(5)。其中化合物1和2首次从该属真菌中分离得到。

Cu(Ⅱ)促进海洋真菌Fusarium sp．ZZF51产生代谢产物二(5-丁基-2-吡啶甲酸-N1，O2)合铜(Ⅱ)的研究

从南海红树林内源真菌Fusarium sp. ZZF51的培养液中分离得到一金属络合物(1),通过波谱数据和单晶衍射数据解析其结构为二(5-丁基-2-吡啶甲酸-N1,O2)合铜(Ⅱ)。为提高其产量,研究了Cu(Ⅱ)对络合物(1)产量和菌株生长的影响,结果表明:在参与真菌Fusarium sp. ZZF51代谢活动的过程中,Cu(Ⅱ)能显著促使络合物(1)的产生,但对真菌的生长影响甚微。

滑桃树内生真菌Fusarium sp. 1RGa-1b中萘醌类代谢产物及其抗菌活性研究

从滑桃树内生真菌Fusarium sp.(1RGa-1b)的发酵代谢产物中分离得到6个一系列的萘醌类色素化合物,通过波谱分析将其结构鉴定为:3-methylether-fusarubin(1),anhydrofusarubin(2),2-acetonyl-3-methyl-5-hydro-gen-7-methoxy-naphthazarin(3),2-acetonyl-3-methyl-7-methoxy-8-hydrogen-naphthazarin(4),2-acetonyl-3-methyl-7-methoxy-naphthazarin(5),2-isopropanol-3-methyl-7-methoxy-naphthazarin(6)。利用纸片扩散法对这些化合物的抗细菌及抗真菌活性进行了初步测试,实验结果表明:化合物3和4具有弱的抗金黄色葡萄球菌的活性。

应用巢式PCR检测黄瓜尖镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum f．sp．cucumbrum)

文章应用BIK2/BIK3和BIK1/BIK4两对引物,采用巢式PCR(Nested-PCR)技术对镰孢菌属26个菌株(代表了6个镰孢菌种)以及从黄瓜根际分离的20株真菌、6株细菌和7株放线菌共计59个菌株进行了扩增。结果显示,只有3个黄瓜尖镰孢菌的致病菌株能产生一条长度大约为800bp的片断。对接种黄瓜尖镰孢菌的黄瓜植株进行检测结果表明,巢式PCR能从接种5d后的黄瓜病样中特异性地检测出病原菌,而症状的出现需要10～13d时间。该项技术具有较高的灵敏度,适用于黄瓜枯萎病早期侵染检测研究。

交流电场与Fusarium sp.A-2耦合对博落回修复铀污染土壤的强化作用

通过盆栽试验研究了交流电场(AC)与Fusarium sp.A-2(A-2)真菌耦合对博落回(P)的生物量、富集铀(U)性能、酶活性以及根际土壤中有机酸含量、生物可利用态铀、根际微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明,在铀(U)污染土壤中,与AC+P+U、A-2+P+U和P+U相比,AC+A-2+P+U组博落回的鲜重、株高、总干重分别升高了10.67%~45.76%、26.87%~92.02%和61.99%~159.98%;总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)含量分别提高了41.24%~133%和15.35%~63.63%;根际土壤中草酸显著增加了13.03%~157.09%;与A-2+P+U和P+U组相比,AC+A-2+P+U组土壤中生物可利用态铀分别提高了12.5%和28.57%.在AC+A-2+P+U组,植物根际土壤中存在大量的镰刀型菌(Fusarium)真菌属和酸杆菌属(Acidobacteria)等细菌菌属,且镰刀型菌属(Fusarium)占比最高,与AC+P+U、A-2+P+U、P+U和A-2+U组相比,Fusarium分别提高了16.67%、81.03%、299.23%和374.47%.AC和A-2耦合强化博落回修复铀污染土壤的可能机理包括AC提高了铀在土壤中的流动性,增加了植物根部与铀的接触,促进了铀的富集;AC刺激了博落回的生理活性,增大了博落回的生物量,提高了抗氧化酶活性,使博落回对铀的耐受性增强;AC刺激了A-2真菌和酸杆菌属(Acidobacteria)的生长,使其比例增大,从而产生大量的有机酸,与铀形成螯合物,降低了铀对植物的胁迫作用,提高了生物可利用态铀的占比,促进了博落回对铀的富集.AC与A-2真菌耦合对P修复铀污染土壤有显著的强化作用,是一种有潜在应用前景的强化方法.

镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.)ZW-21的鉴定及其利用玉米秸秆水解液发酵产乙醇研究

本研究通过筛选获得一株能发酵玉米秸秆水解液产乙醇的丝状真菌ZW-21,经18S r DNA序列分析鉴定其为镰刀菌属(Fusarium sp.)。研究发现,该菌株能够利用玉米秸秆水解液产生乙醇。对水解液糖浓度、氮源、p H值、温度、接种量和表面活性剂等因素进行了研究,并从中筛选出酵母膏和Tween 80两个因素采用响应面分析进一步优化,最终获得利用菌株Fusarium sp.ZW-21产乙醇的优化培养基为:玉米秸秆水解液50 g/L,酵母膏10.19 g/L,KH2PO410 g/L,Mg SO4·7H2O 0.5 g/L,Tween 80 0.423 g/L,p H值6.0,接种量为8%(V/V),培养温度32℃,在限氧条件下培养5 d,其乙醇最高产量为22.1 g/L。

棉花枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.Vasinfectum(ATK)Sndyder & Hansln的抑菌土初步研究

1987～1988年在河南新乡用相同接菌量种植感病品种,对棉花抗枯萎病品种86—1连作10年以上田块土样进行盆栽和田间小区试验。结果表明.枯萎病平均病指分别为29.4和4.4,与对照果园土比较抑菌效果分别为39.9％和85.8％。上述田块中86—1棉株根围5cm内土样,盆栽枯萎病平均病指19.5,抑菌效果60.5％。连作10年以上枯萎病圃土样,病指分别为27.2和6.8,抑菌效果为43.9％和76.2％。1990～1991年在辽宁省经作所试验结果,连作10年以上枯萎病圃田间抑菌效果56.2％,连作5年病圃抑菌效果17.6％。上述结果证明,枯萎病圃衰退的主要原因是棉花枯萎病菌抑菌土的产生和存在。土样内枯萎菌菌量测定结果表明,3个抑菌土土样内菌量比果园导菌土减少48.6％～59.2％。抑菌土经高压灭菌后抑菌效果完全消失,初步证明抑菌因子可能以生物因子为主。