Characteristics of Oil and Gas Accumulation in Yong'an-Meitai Area of the Fushan Depression,Beibuwan Basin,South China Sea

The Yong＇an-Meitai area is the focus of the present exploration in the Fushan Depression, Beibuwan Basin, South China Sea. All oils from this area are geochemically characterized by higher Pr/Ph ratio, higher proportion of heavy molecular weight hydrocarbons, and higher proportion of C29 regular steranes, which indicate that the organic matter of source rocks might have been deposited in an oxidizing palaeoenvironment and be dominated by higher plant organic matter input. The oil from E3w2 （the second member of Weizhou Fro. of the Oligocene） has a much higher density, relatively higher Pr/nC17 and Ph/nC18 ratios, and a ＂UCM--unresolved complex mixture＂ on gas chromatograms, which indicate that it has been slightly biodegraded. CPI and other terpane and sterane isomer ratios suggest they are all mature oils. The timing of oil charging in E3w2 and E2I1 （the first member of the Liushagang Fro. of the Eocene） determined by the homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions and thermal evolution history are from 9-3 Ma and 8-3 Ma, respectively. Thus, the interpretation of E3w2 as a secondary reservoir is unlikely. The timing of oil charging is later than that of hydrocarbon generating and expulsion of Liushagang Fin. source rocks and trap formation, which is favorable for oil accumulation in this area. All molecular parameters that are used for tracing oil filling direction decrease with shallower burial depth, which suggests vertical oil migration. The widely occurring faults that penetrate through the source rocks of the Liushagang Fro. may serve as a fine oil charging conduit.

Astronomical forcing of sedimentary cycles of Late Eocene Liushagang Formation in the Bailian Sag, Fushan Depression, Beibuwan Basin, South China Sea

Sediments in the Liushagang Formation of Late Eocene form a group of key hydrocarbon play fairways in the Beibuwan Basin,South China Sea.As an important reservoir-forming combination,the Liushagang Formation consists of deltaic siliciclastic and show clear sedimentary cyclicity.According to paleontology research and stratigraphic correlation,the boundary between Liushagang Formation(Els)and Weizhou Formation(Ewz)is regarded as the Eocene-Oligocene boundary.The oxygen isotope dating for well cores from the top of the first Member of Liushagang Formation(Els1)and the bottom of the third Member of Weizhou Formation(Ewz3)give an isochron age of 35.2 Ma.Here,we use GR logging data as a paleoenvironmental proxy to conduct a detailed cyclostratigraphic study of the Els1 in the Bailian Sag,Fushan Depression.Power spectra,evolutionary fast Fourier transformation and wavelet analysis all reveal significant sedimentary cycles in Els1.The ratios of cycle wavelengths in these stratigraphic units are 21?5?2.8?1.2?1,and are interpreted as Milankovitch cycles of 400 ka and 96 ka eccentricity,52 ka obliquity,22ka and 19 ka precession cycles,respectively.An astronomical time scale is established by tuning filtered 96 ka eccentricity cycles to a target curve of Well L2 in the Bailian Sag.Based on regional stratigraphic framework,combined with seismic,cores and logging data,the HST of the first member of the Liushagang Formation(Els1)delta in Well L2 was divided into six parasequence sets named Ps1-Ps6.According to the spectrum analysis by Simple Lomb periodogram from PAST program packages,the sediment accumulation rate of each parasequence sets first increased and then decreased as time went by.The sediment accumulation rate of Ps4 reached the maximum(0.127 m/ka)during the most prosperous period of delta prograding.Finally,the duration of each period of parasequence sets and more accurate geological age were calculated on the basis of sediment accumulation rate.The ages of each depth are precisely estimated and provide new constraints on the Late Eocene.

Depositional setting analysis using seismic sedimentology: Example from the Paleogene Lishagang sequence in the Fushan depression,South China Sea

The Fushan depression is a classic lacustrine rifted sub-basin in the Beibuwan Basin, South China Sea. The Paleogene Liushagang sequence is the main hydrocarbon-bearing stratigraphic unit in the depression. Using three-dimensional （3-D） seismic data and logging data, we analyzed depositional setting of the Liushagang sequence. We use wave impedance inversion to describe progradational directions of provenance and the general distribution of sand body. The seismic facies was analyzed by using the seismic sedimentology approach based on 3-D seismic data, and summed into eight types of seismic facies which could be well related to sedimentary facies. Seismic attributes with six objective sequence boundaries were extracted. Consequently, four provenance system of Liushagang sequence in the study area were confirmed by the corresponding relationship between the geologic information and the warm color and higher value area of seismic attributes： （i） the Hainan uplift provenance area in the south, （ii） the Linggao uplift provenance area in the west, （iii） the Yunlong uplift provenance area in the east and （iv） the northern provenance area. The seismic sedimentology used in this study may provide new in- sizhts into a better understanding of depositional setting in continental lacustrine rifted basins.

Oil source and migration process in oblique transfer zone of Fushan Sag,northern South China Sea

The oblique transfer zone in the Fushan Sag, a syndepositional dome sandwiched between the Bailian and Huangtong sub-sags, has been the most important exploration target. The major oil observation occurs in the E_2l_1^(L+M) and the E_2l_3~U. 46 oil and rock samples reveal that the oil in the transfer zone is mostly contributed by the Bailian sub-sag, though the source rock conditions, hydrocarbon generation and expulsion histories of the Bailian and Huangtong sub-sags are similar. The E_2l_3~U oil, characterized by high maturity, Pr/Ph ratio and oleanane/C_(30)-hopane ratio, shows a close genetic affinity with the E_2l_3~b source rocks, while the E_2l_1^(L+M) oil, characterized by lower maturity, Pr/Ph ratio and oleanane/C_(30)-hopane ratio, is suggested to be derived from the E_2l_(1+2)~b source rocks. The homogenization temperatures of aqueous fluid inclusions, taking the burial history of the reservoirs into account, reflect that the oil charge mainly occurred from mid-Miocene to Pliocene in the oblique transfer zone. The oil transporting passages include connected sand bodies, unconformities and faults in the Fushan Sag. Of these, the faults are the most complicated and significant. The faults differ sharply in the west area, the east area and the oblique transfer zone, resulting in different influence on the oil migration and accumulation. During the main hydrocarbon charge stage, the faults in the west area are characterized by bad vertical sealing and spatially dense distribution. As a result, the oil generated by the Huangtong source rocks is mostly lost along the faults during the vertical migration in the west area. This can be the mechanism proposed to explain the little contribution of the Huangtong source rocks to the oil in the oblique transfer zone. Eventually, an oil migration and accumulation model is built in the oblique transfer zone, which may provide theoretical and practical guides for the oil exploration.

咖啡隐喻:海南福山特色小镇农文旅融合的地方性叙事

物承载着人类社会的文化实践,在其背后呈现的是文化隐喻。咖啡在海南省福山地区的发展历程体现了物的世界性与地方性的关联,以及中国式现代化的实践。咖啡流通空间的转化实现了物的跨边界流动,咖啡在世界范围的传播轨迹反映了全球化的过程。海南福山咖啡的文化实践既是海南自贸港建设进程中农文旅融合发展特色小镇的打造模式,也是中国式现代化的具体实践路径,还是一种特定社会语境中文化隐喻的表达。

福山凹陷低阻油层成因分析及流体识别方法

福山油田涠洲组广泛发育低阻油层,储层低阻成因机制认识不清与储层流体准确识别是制约涠洲组高效勘探开发的主要难题。以花场、白莲、永安地区为研究对象,综合分析岩石物理实验、地层水分析化验、测井、试油等资料,围绕地层水矿化度、淡水钻井液侵入、束缚水饱和度、黏土附加导电性、含油饱和度5方面因素展开分析研究。明确不同地区低阻主控因素,深入分析不同成因机制的岩石物理和测井响应特征,针对性构建综合储集指数、侵入因子、电阻增大率等流体敏感测井评价参数。结合测井解释及生产试油情况,建立相应流体识别图版,应用于涠洲组27口井58个试油层位。结果表明,流体识别符合率由76%提高到84%,有效提高了涠洲组低阻油层流体识别准确率。

Total alkyl dibenzothiophenes content tracing the filling pathway of condensate reservoir in the Fushan Depression,South China Sea

The condensates are generally characterized by high maturity,low concentration of steranes and ter-panes biomarkers and low content of non-hydrocarbon fraction. In this case commonly used steranes,terpanes and carbazoles parameters cannot be effectively applied in the reservoir-filling tracing. The hydrogen bond formed by sulfur atom in the dibenzothiophenes (DBTs) results in molecule adsorption and fractionation during oil migration in reservoir. Like carbazoles,total DBTs content decreases with the increasing of oil migration distance. Therefore,a new parameter——total DBTs content is proposed to be used to trace the oil migration orientation and filling pathway. In present study,total DBTs con-tents of condensates and light oils are obtained by adding internal standard——eight deuterium atoms substituted DBT during Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis of aromatic fraction. Except for a few samples with much lower content of non-hydrocarbon fraction,the total DBTs content shows a fine positive correlation with that of carbazoles. Large errors can be caused in the process of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds separation. The application of this new parameter in the Fushan Depression of Beibu Gulf Basin,South China Sea indicates that this parameter is a reliable one to trace filling pathway in condensate reservoirs. Combined with other DBTs-related parameters,such as 4-/1-methydibenzo-thiophene and 2,4-/1,4-dimethyldibenzothiophene,oil migration orientation and filling pathway of the Fushan Depression was determined. The accumulations of Huachang oil field in the Fushan Depres-sion are mainly migrated and charged from northeast to southeast along the Huachang uplift. It can be predicated that the light oil and condensates in the Huachang oil field should be sourced from the source kitchen at the Bailian Sag. It shows that total DBTs content is an effective parameter to tracing oil migration orientation and filling pathway.

Paleogene Tectonic Evolution Controls on Sequence Stratigraphic Patterns in the Fushan Sag, Northern South China Sea

Tectonism is of extreme importance to sequence stratigraphic patterns in continental sedimentary basins, affecting both the architectures and internal makeup of sequences. Sequence stratigraphic framework of the Paleogene system in the Fushan sag, northern South China Sea, was built using 3D and 2D seismic data, complemented by drilling cores and well logs data. One first-order, three second-order and seven third-order sequences were identified. Analysis of paleotectonic stress field, unconformities and subsidence history showed that the Paleogene tectonic evolution presented significant characteristics of multistage and episode, and can be divided into three stages： rifting stage I（initial rifting period）, rifting stage II（rapid subsidence period）, rifting stage III（fault-depressed diversionary period）. Partition of the west and east in tectonic activity was obvious. The west area showed relatively stronger tectonic activity than the east area, especially during the rifting stage II. Episodic rifting and lateral variations in tectonic activity resulted in a wide variety of structural slope break belts, which controlled both the sequence architectures and interval makeup, and strongly constrained the development of special facies zones or sand bodies that tended to form hydrocarbon accumulation. This paper classifies the genetic types of slope break belts and their relevant sequence stratigraphic patterns within the Fushan sag, and further discusses the tectonic evolution controls on sequence stratigraphic patterns, which suggests that vertical evolution paths of structural slope break belts and relevant sequence stratigraphic patterns as a response to the Paleogene tectonic evolution were strongly controlled by sag margin types and lateral variations of tectonic activity.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TIDES AND CURRENTS IN FUSHAN BAY, QINGDAO

The three-dimensional Princeton Ocean Model (POM) was employed to simulatethe tide and current simul-tanuously for the first time in the Fushan Bay, Qingdao, China. Byadopting the elevation condition that was combined with the tides M2, S2, K1 and O1 at the openboundary and by choosing the proper value of bottom roughness, the horizontal and verticaldistributions of the tidal current and water level variations in the bay were computed. The resultsagree well with the field observation data, indicating that this model can be used to predictaccurately the variation of tides and currents in the Fushan Bay and other costal regions in thefuture. Our study also provides useful information and a data base for the Olympic Projects thatwill be conducted in the Fushan Bay in 2008.

推进福山大樱桃产业高质量发展对策分析

大樱桃是烟台福山第一大特色果业,是农业增效、农民增收的支柱产业。近年来,随着国内大樱桃种植面积的持续扩大,福山大樱桃产业正面临自身质量下降和外部竞争加剧的双重考验,“内忧”与“外患”并存,产业发展进入瓶颈期。本文调研了福山大樱桃产业发展现状,分析了制约产业发展的关键因素,提出了推进福山大樱桃产业高质量发展的对策建议。

福山油田绳结暂堵转向压裂工艺

海南福山油田储层主要特点薄互层发育,油层厚度小,隔层泥质含量高,使用可溶球和颗粒暂堵剂实现层间暂堵转向,存在暂堵压力响应不明显,颗粒暂堵剂堵塞压裂泵车柱塞阀的问题。通过对暂堵材料、暂堵工艺的改进,使用新型绳结暂堵球,取代了以往的可溶球和颗粒暂堵剂;同时在室内开展了薄互层射孔优化、携砂液对孔眼冲蚀规律分析、绳结暂堵球直径大小和数量与射孔孔眼的匹配研究,形成了适应福山油田储层特征的绳结暂堵转向压裂工艺。经福山油田应用17口井27层,暂堵转向有效率82%,单井平均日增油4.28 t/d,取得较好增产效果。该工艺进一步提高了薄互层压裂改造效率,具有良好的推广应用价值。

福山区樱桃产业发展现状与对策建议

立足烟台市福山区大樱桃产业发展,从提升品质、培育品牌、设施栽培、规模经营、拓宽市场、采摘游等方面,对福山区大樱桃生产中存在的问题及难题进行调研,探讨建议与对策,以期为深入推进福山区樱桃产业发展提供参考。

基于AHP和信息量模型的烟台市福山区地质灾害风险评价

本文在地质灾害详细调查和资料收集的基础上,选取坡向、高程、坡度、岩土体、距断层距离、距河流距离、距道路距离及降雨量8个影响因子作为研究区危险性评价指标,运用层次分析法构建了评价体系。基于ArcGIS平台,结合加权信息量模型对福山区地质灾害的易发性、危险性、易损性和风险进行了评价分区。结果表明,福山区危险性评价可分为高危险区、中危险区和低危险区,无极高危险区,面积分别为75.89 km^(2)、192.7 km^(2)和668.11 km^(2),并通过ROC曲线对该评价结果进行验证,AUC值为89.9%,表明该评价具有较好的准确性。在此基础上对风险性进行评价,划分为高、中、低3级风险区,面积分别为12.06 km^(2)、222.75 km^(2)、701.89 km^(2)。该研究可为烟台市地质灾害防治和生态环境保护提供重要的参考依据。

基于空间句法的新型农村社区空间形态研究——以淄博市傅山村为例

新型农村社区是乡村振兴的重要内容,研究新型农村社区空间形态对于开展因地制宜的建设具有重要意义。文章运用空间句法理论,结合实地调研,对傅山村空间特征进行解读,并对存在问题提出优化建议。研究结果表明:傅山村空间结构明确,以最早建设的居住区为核心向外辐射;蟠龙山东路整合度最高,为整个空间系统的核心;该村空间系统智能度较高,全局整合度与局部整合度高度相关,但存在绿化景观不足和空间感知差等问题。

断裂分段特征对凹陷构造-沉积分异的控制作用——以北部湾盆地福山凹陷临高断裂为例

通过构造精细解释、断层活动速率统计、构造演化史恢复,对北部湾盆地福山凹陷临高断裂及主要次级控凹断裂的几何特征、活动性以及生长特征进行研究分析,明确控陷断裂分段特征对凹陷构造体系发育、沉降中心分布与迁移的影响。结果表明,临高断裂沿断面走向可分为北北东向的铲式断面西段、东西向的直板式中段以及北东向的坡坪坡式东段;临高断裂早期直板式断面发育阶段控制了福山凹陷下构造体系的形成,以发育多米诺式断层为主;晚期复杂断面以及次级控凹断裂联合作用控制了凹陷上构造体系的发育,形成复杂多样的伸展构造;临高断裂以及次级控凹断裂不同分段不同地质时期的活动性差异,导致凹陷内沉降中心表现出西部往中部、东部迁移的特征。控陷断裂在时空上的分段特征控制了凹陷的发育演化,时间上分段生长特征控制凹陷不同构造体系的发育,空间上分段活动性控制凹陷沉降中心的分布与迁移。

县域土地利用变化下土地资源开发研究——以烟台市福山区为例

以福山区2011—2019年土地利用监测数据和统计年鉴作为数据源,通过GIS技术,运用转移矩阵、主成分分析、标准差椭圆和土地利用变化图谱等方法来研究福山区近10 a间的LUCC及其驱动力,并计算宜耕后备土地资源潜力和土地复垦潜力,从土地利用的视角研究福山区新农村建设的合理途径。研究表明,10 a来,受海岸线变化和围填海影响,土地总面积自710.87 km^(2)增加至713.56 km^(2),土地利用动态度为0.04%。福山区土地利用类型变化幅度较大,其中耕地、园地、草地、水域用地和其他土地面积呈减少趋势,林地、居民及工矿用地和交通用地呈增加趋势;在空间上土地利用类型聚集程度增强,具有很强的向心性;通过主成分分析可知,福山区土地利用类型变化主要受到地区经济发展和人口数量变化的影响;宜耕后备土地资源和土地复垦资源较低,且空间分布不均衡。以期为农村土地整治和新农村建设提供参考,同时为国土空间规划编制提供重要科学依据。

烟台市福山区森林防火工作经验探索研究

立足福山区森林防火实际,创新森林防火机制,强化森林防火措施,总结森林防火经验,提升森林防火管护水平,确保福山区森林防火工作的稳定,切实保护好福山区宝贵的森林资源。

水力条件影响下的福山水道富营养化分析

河道整治工程使福山水道水力条件发生变化,采用平面二维水力水质模型MIKE21进行研究,分析了在现状水力条件作用下,丰枯水期和支流引排水不同的工况下,福山水道水域的TP、TN和COD Mn随时间迁移扩散的质量浓度变化及分布情况;在此基础上,计算福山水道的综合营养状态指数(TLI)分布,结果显示支流排水及排水结束后水道内水域呈中—轻富营养状态。由此表明:在福山水道水动力条件弱,水体交换缓慢的状态下,全年中的春秋及初夏,在水道上段的局部水域,容易导致藻类暴发,引起水华现象。此结论为该水道后期管理与治理提供科学依据及决策支撑。

柬埔寨蒙多基里省富山矿区金矿床地质特征及找矿远景分析

柬埔寨成矿带位于东南亚中南半岛,分布有多个石英脉型金矿床,金成矿条件和找矿前景良好。通过对柬埔寨东南部富山矿区金矿床开展详细的地质勘查研究工作,利用地球物理和土壤地球化学分析方法,查明了区内金矿床成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征,总结了矿床成因,认为富山矿区金矿体以石英脉型金矿和蚀变岩型金矿为主,同时对矿区找矿远景进行了分析,圈定出5处找矿远景区。

傅山风湿外治方防治类风湿关节炎安全性的实验研究

目的 探讨傅山风湿外治方(FS-med)防治类风湿关节炎的安全性。方法 将88只SPF级Wistar雌性大鼠采用随机数字表法分为刺激破损组(FS-med 0.5 g)、刺激完整组(FS-med 0.5 g)保持6 h;过敏对照组(凡士林0.4 g)、过敏治疗组(FS-med 0.4 g)、过敏阳性组(1%DNCB 0.2 ml)保持6 h,第7、14天各重复1次,第28天将给药量改为凡士林0.2 g、FS-med 0.2 g、1%DNCB 0.2 ml给药1次,保持6 h;急毒对照组(凡士林2 g)、急毒完整组(FS-med 2 g)、急毒破损组(FS-med 2 g)每6 h给药1次,共4次;慢毒对照组(凡士林2 g)、慢毒完整组(FS-med 2 g)、慢毒破损组(FS-med 2 g)给药1次/d,共4周。观察各组大鼠一般情况,皮肤红斑、水肿和恢复情况,中毒情况和死亡情况,以及各过敏组过敏反应情况。检测慢毒各组给药后及停药2周后大鼠血清中丙氨酸氨基转氨酶(Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, ALT)、天冬氨酸安基转氨酶(Glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, AST)、血尿素氮(Blood urea nitrogen, BUN)的含量。结果 实验过程中未见大鼠死亡,除过敏阳性组可见明显过敏反应,其他各组均未见明显皮肤红斑、水肿;急毒和慢毒各组大鼠体重均随时间稳定增长;慢毒对照组给药后及停药2周后AST浓度变化,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他慢毒各组大鼠血清中ALT、AST、BUN浓度同期各组及同组前后比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),除给药过程中慢毒破损组大鼠AST、BUN浓度略高于正常值且停药后恢复,其他各组ALT、AST、BUN浓度均在正常值范围。结论 FS-med外用对皮肤无刺激性、致敏性和急性毒性,对破损皮肤长期给药可能会导致轻微的可逆肝肾损伤。