Multimodal medical image fusion has attained immense popularity in recent years due to its robust technology for clinical diagnosis.It fuses multiple images into a single image to improve the quality of images by reta...Multimodal medical image fusion has attained immense popularity in recent years due to its robust technology for clinical diagnosis.It fuses multiple images into a single image to improve the quality of images by retaining significant information and aiding diagnostic practitioners in diagnosing and treating many diseases.However,recent image fusion techniques have encountered several challenges,including fusion artifacts,algorithm complexity,and high computing costs.To solve these problems,this study presents a novel medical image fusion strategy by combining the benefits of pixel significance with edge-preserving processing to achieve the best fusion performance.First,the method employs a cross-bilateral filter(CBF)that utilizes one image to determine the kernel and the other for filtering,and vice versa,by considering both geometric closeness and the gray-level similarities of neighboring pixels of the images without smoothing edges.The outputs of CBF are then subtracted from the original images to obtain detailed images.It further proposes to use edge-preserving processing that combines linear lowpass filtering with a non-linear technique that enables the selection of relevant regions in detailed images while maintaining structural properties.These regions are selected using morphologically processed linear filter residuals to identify the significant regions with high-amplitude edges and adequate size.The outputs of low-pass filtering are fused with meaningfully restored regions to reconstruct the original shape of the edges.In addition,weight computations are performed using these reconstructed images,and these weights are then fused with the original input images to produce a final fusion result by estimating the strength of horizontal and vertical details.Numerous standard quality evaluation metrics with complementary properties are used for comparison with existing,well-known algorithms objectively to validate the fusion results.Experimental results from the proposed research article exhibit superior performance compared to other competing techniques in the case of both qualitative and quantitative evaluation.In addition,the proposed method advocates less computational complexity and execution time while improving diagnostic computing accuracy.Nevertheless,due to the lower complexity of the fusion algorithm,the efficiency of fusion methods is high in practical applications.The results reveal that the proposed method exceeds the latest state-of-the-art methods in terms of providing detailed information,edge contour,and overall contrast.展开更多
Recently,there have been several uses for digital image processing.Image fusion has become a prominent application in the domain of imaging processing.To create one final image that provesmore informative and helpful ...Recently,there have been several uses for digital image processing.Image fusion has become a prominent application in the domain of imaging processing.To create one final image that provesmore informative and helpful compared to the original input images,image fusion merges two or more initial images of the same item.Image fusion aims to produce,enhance,and transform significant elements of the source images into combined images for the sake of human visual perception.Image fusion is commonly employed for feature extraction in smart robots,clinical imaging,audiovisual camera integration,manufacturing process monitoring,electronic circuit design,advanced device diagnostics,and intelligent assembly line robots,with image quality varying depending on application.The research paper presents various methods for merging images in spatial and frequency domains,including a blend of stable and curvelet transformations,everageMax-Min,weighted principal component analysis(PCA),HIS(Hue,Intensity,Saturation),wavelet transform,discrete cosine transform(DCT),dual-tree Complex Wavelet Transform(CWT),and multiple wavelet transform.Image fusion methods integrate data from several source images of an identical target,thereby enhancing information in an extremely efficient manner.More precisely,in imaging techniques,the depth of field constraint precludes images from focusing on every object,leading to the exclusion of certain characteristics.To tackle thess challanges,a very efficient multi-focus wavelet decomposition and recompositionmethod is proposed.The use of these wavelet decomposition and recomposition techniques enables this method to make use of existing optimized wavelet code and filter choice.The simulated outcomes provide evidence that the suggested approach initially extracts particular characteristics from images in order to accurately reflect the level of clarity portrayed in the original images.This study enhances the performance of the eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)algorithm in detecting brain malignancies with greater precision through the integration of computational image analysis and feature selection.The performance of images is improved by segmenting them employing the K-Means algorithm.The segmentation method aids in identifying specific regions of interest,using Particle Swarm Optimization(PCA)for trait selection and XGBoost for data classification.Extensive trials confirm the model’s exceptional visual performance,achieving an accuracy of up to 97.067%and providing good objective indicators.展开更多
A novel image fusion network framework with an autonomous encoder and decoder is suggested to increase thevisual impression of fused images by improving the quality of infrared and visible light picture fusion. The ne...A novel image fusion network framework with an autonomous encoder and decoder is suggested to increase thevisual impression of fused images by improving the quality of infrared and visible light picture fusion. The networkcomprises an encoder module, fusion layer, decoder module, and edge improvementmodule. The encoder moduleutilizes an enhanced Inception module for shallow feature extraction, then combines Res2Net and Transformerto achieve deep-level co-extraction of local and global features from the original picture. An edge enhancementmodule (EEM) is created to extract significant edge features. A modal maximum difference fusion strategy isintroduced to enhance the adaptive representation of information in various regions of the source image, therebyenhancing the contrast of the fused image. The encoder and the EEM module extract features, which are thencombined in the fusion layer to create a fused picture using the decoder. Three datasets were chosen to test thealgorithmproposed in this paper. The results of the experiments demonstrate that the network effectively preservesbackground and detail information in both infrared and visible images, yielding superior outcomes in subjectiveand objective evaluations.展开更多
Medical image fusion is considered the best method for obtaining one image with rich details for efficient medical diagnosis and therapy.Deep learning provides a high performance for several medical image analysis app...Medical image fusion is considered the best method for obtaining one image with rich details for efficient medical diagnosis and therapy.Deep learning provides a high performance for several medical image analysis applications.This paper proposes a deep learning model for the medical image fusion process.This model depends on Convolutional Neural Network(CNN).The basic idea of the proposed model is to extract features from both CT and MR images.Then,an additional process is executed on the extracted features.After that,the fused feature map is reconstructed to obtain the resulting fused image.Finally,the quality of the resulting fused image is enhanced by various enhancement techniques such as Histogram Matching(HM),Histogram Equalization(HE),fuzzy technique,fuzzy type,and Contrast Limited Histogram Equalization(CLAHE).The performance of the proposed fusion-based CNN model is measured by various metrics of the fusion and enhancement quality.Different realistic datasets of different modalities and diseases are tested and implemented.Also,real datasets are tested in the simulation analysis.展开更多
The synthesis of visual information from multiple medical imaging inputs to a single fused image without any loss of detail and distortion is known as multimodal medical image fusion.It improves the quality of biomedi...The synthesis of visual information from multiple medical imaging inputs to a single fused image without any loss of detail and distortion is known as multimodal medical image fusion.It improves the quality of biomedical images by preserving detailed features to advance the clinical utility of medical imaging meant for the analysis and treatment of medical disor-ders.This study develops a novel approach to fuse multimodal medical images utilizing anisotropic diffusion(AD)and non-subsampled contourlet transform(NSCT).First,the method employs anisotropic diffusion for decomposing input images to their base and detail layers to coarsely split two features of input images such as structural and textural information.The detail and base layers are further combined utilizing a sum-based fusion rule which maximizes noise filtering contrast level by effectively preserving most of the structural and textural details.NSCT is utilized to further decompose these images into their low and high-frequency coefficients.These coefficients are then combined utilizing the principal component analysis/Karhunen-Loeve(PCA/KL)based fusion rule independently by substantiating eigenfeature reinforcement in the fusion results.An NSCT-based multiresolution analysis is performed on the combined salient feature information and the contrast-enhanced fusion coefficients.Finally,an inverse NSCT is applied to each coef-ficient to produce the final fusion result.Experimental results demonstrate an advantage of the proposed technique using a publicly accessible dataset and conducted comparative studies on three pairs of medical images from different modalities and health.Our approach offers better visual and robust performance with better objective measurements for research development since it excellently preserves significant salient features and precision without producing abnormal information in the case of qualitative and quantitative analysis.展开更多
Fusing medical images is a topic of interest in processing medical images.This is achieved to through fusing information from multimodality images for the purpose of increasing the clinical diagnosis accuracy.This fus...Fusing medical images is a topic of interest in processing medical images.This is achieved to through fusing information from multimodality images for the purpose of increasing the clinical diagnosis accuracy.This fusion aims to improve the image quality and preserve the specific features.The methods of medical image fusion generally use knowledge in many differentfields such as clinical medicine,computer vision,digital imaging,machine learning,pattern recognition to fuse different medical images.There are two main approaches in fusing image,including spatial domain approach and transform domain approachs.This paper proposes a new algorithm to fusion multimodal images.This algorithm is based on Entropy optimization and the Sobel operator.Wavelet transform is used to split the input images into components over the low and high frequency domains.Then,two fusion rules are used for obtaining the fusing images.Thefirst rule,based on the Sobel operator,is used for high frequency components.The second rule,based on Entropy optimization by using Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)algorithm,is used for low frequency components.Proposed algorithm is implemented on the images related to central nervous system diseases.The experimental results of the paper show that the proposed algorithm is better than some recent methods in term of brightness level,the contrast,the entropy,the gradient and visual informationfidelity for fusion(VIFF),Feature Mutual Information(FMI)indices.展开更多
The demand for the exploration of ocean resources is increasing exponentially.Underwater image data plays a significant role in many research areas.Despite this,the visual quality of underwater images is degraded beca...The demand for the exploration of ocean resources is increasing exponentially.Underwater image data plays a significant role in many research areas.Despite this,the visual quality of underwater images is degraded because of two main factors namely,backscattering and attenuation.Therefore,visual enhancement has become an essential process to recover the required data from the images.Many algorithms had been proposed in a decade for improving the quality of images.This paper aims to propose a single image enhancement technique without the use of any external datasets.For that,the degraded images are subjected to two main processes namely,color correction and image fusion.Initially,veiling light and transmission light is estimated tofind the color required for correction.Veiling light refers to unwanted light,whereas transmission light refers to the required light for color correction.These estimated outputs are applied in the scene recovery equation.The image obtained from color correction is subjected to a fusion process where the image is categorized into two versions and applied to white balance and contrast enhancement techniques.The resultants are divided into three weight maps namely,luminance,saliency,chromaticity and fused using the Laplacian pyramid.The results obtained are graphically compared with their input data using RGB Histogram plot.Finally,image quality is measured and tabulated using underwater image quality measures.展开更多
An accurate and early diagnosis of brain tumors based on medical ima-ging modalities is of great interest because brain tumors are a harmful threat to a person’s health worldwide.Several medical imaging techniques ha...An accurate and early diagnosis of brain tumors based on medical ima-ging modalities is of great interest because brain tumors are a harmful threat to a person’s health worldwide.Several medical imaging techniques have been used to analyze brain tumors,including computed tomography(CT)and magnetic reso-nance imaging(MRI).CT provides information about dense tissues,whereas MRI gives information about soft tissues.However,the fusion of CT and MRI images has little effect on enhancing the accuracy of the diagnosis of brain tumors.Therefore,machine learning methods have been adopted to diagnose brain tumors in recent years.This paper intends to develop a novel scheme to detect and classify brain tumors based on fused CT and MRI images.The pro-posed approach starts with preprocessing the images to reduce the noise.Then,fusion rules are applied to get the fused image,and a segmentation algorithm is employed to isolate the tumor region from the background to isolate the tumor region.Finally,a machine learning classifier classified the brain images into benign and malignant tumors.Computing statistical measures evaluate the classi-fication potential of the proposed scheme.Experimental outcomes are provided,and the Enhanced Flower Pollination Algorithm(EFPA)system shows that it out-performs other brain tumor classification methods considered for comparison.展开更多
Medical Image Fusion is the synthesizing technology for fusing multi-modal medical information using mathematical procedures to generate better visual on the image content and high-quality image output.Medical image f...Medical Image Fusion is the synthesizing technology for fusing multi-modal medical information using mathematical procedures to generate better visual on the image content and high-quality image output.Medical image fusion represents an indispensible role infixing major solutions for the complicated medical predicaments,while the recent research results have an enhanced affinity towards the preservation of medical image details,leaving color distortion and halo artifacts to remain unaddressed.This paper proposes a novel method of fusing Computer Tomography(CT)and Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)using a hybrid model of Non Sub-sampled Contourlet Transform(NSCT)and Joint Sparse Representation(JSR).This model gratifies the need for precise integration of medical images of different modalities,which is an essential requirement in the diagnosing process towards clinical activities and treating the patients accordingly.In the proposed model,the medical image is decomposed using NSCT which is an efficient shift variant decomposition transformation method.JSR is exercised to extricate the common features of the medical image for the fusion process.The performance analysis of the proposed system proves that the proposed image fusion technique for medical image fusion is more efficient,provides better results,and a high level of distinctness by integrating the advantages of complementary images.The comparative analysis proves that the proposed technique exhibits better-quality than the existing medical image fusion practices.展开更多
Medical image fusion has been developed as an efficient assistive technology in various clinical applications such as medical diagnosis and treatment planning.Aiming at the problem of insufficient protection of image ...Medical image fusion has been developed as an efficient assistive technology in various clinical applications such as medical diagnosis and treatment planning.Aiming at the problem of insufficient protection of image contour and detail information by traditional image fusion methods,a new multimodal medical image fusion method is proposed.This method first uses non-subsampled shearlet transform to decompose the source image to obtain high and low frequency subband coefficients,then uses the latent low rank representation algorithm to fuse the low frequency subband coefficients,and applies the improved PAPCNN algorithm to fuse the high frequency subband coefficients.Finally,based on the automatic setting of parameters,the optimization method configuration of the time decay factorαe is carried out.The experimental results show that the proposed method solves the problems of difficult parameter setting and insufficient detail protection ability in traditional PCNN algorithm fusion images,and at the same time,it has achieved great improvement in visual quality and objective evaluation indicators.展开更多
This study aimed to propose road crack detection method based on infrared image fusion technology.By analyzing the characteristics of road crack images,this method uses a variety of infrared image fusion methods to pr...This study aimed to propose road crack detection method based on infrared image fusion technology.By analyzing the characteristics of road crack images,this method uses a variety of infrared image fusion methods to process different types of images.The use of this method allows the detection of road cracks,which not only reduces the professional requirements for inspectors,but also improves the accuracy of road crack detection.Based on infrared image processing technology,on the basis of in-depth analysis of infrared image features,a road crack detection method is proposed,which can accurately identify the road crack location,direction,length,and other characteristic information.Experiments showed that this method has a good effect,and can meet the requirement of road crack detection.展开更多
To address the issue of deteriorated PCB image quality in the quality inspection process due to insufficient or uneven lighting, we proposed an image enhancement fusion algorithm based on different color spaces. First...To address the issue of deteriorated PCB image quality in the quality inspection process due to insufficient or uneven lighting, we proposed an image enhancement fusion algorithm based on different color spaces. Firstly, an improved MSRCR method was employed for brightness enhancement of the original image. Next, the color space of the original image was transformed from RGB to HSV, followed by processing the S-channel image using bilateral filtering and contrast stretching algorithms. The V-channel image was subjected to brightness enhancement using adaptive Gamma and CLAHE algorithms. Subsequently, the processed image was transformed back to the RGB color space from HSV. Finally, the images processed by the two algorithms were fused to create a new RGB image, and color restoration was performed on the fused image. Comparative experiments with other methods indicated that the contrast of the image was optimized, texture features were more abundantly preserved, brightness levels were significantly improved, and color distortion was prevented effectively, thus enhancing the quality of low-lit PCB images.展开更多
This study proposes a novel general image fusion framework based on cross-domain long-range learning and Swin Transformer,termed as SwinFusion.On the one hand,an attention-guided cross-domain module is devised to achi...This study proposes a novel general image fusion framework based on cross-domain long-range learning and Swin Transformer,termed as SwinFusion.On the one hand,an attention-guided cross-domain module is devised to achieve sufficient integration of complementary information and global interaction.More specifically,the proposed method involves an intra-domain fusion unit based on self-attention and an interdomain fusion unit based on cross-attention,which mine and integrate long dependencies within the same domain and across domains.Through long-range dependency modeling,the network is able to fully implement domain-specific information extraction and cross-domain complementary information integration as well as maintaining the appropriate apparent intensity from a global perspective.In particular,we introduce the shifted windows mechanism into the self-attention and cross-attention,which allows our model to receive images with arbitrary sizes.On the other hand,the multi-scene image fusion problems are generalized to a unified framework with structure maintenance,detail preservation,and proper intensity control.Moreover,an elaborate loss function,consisting of SSIM loss,texture loss,and intensity loss,drives the network to preserve abundant texture details and structural information,as well as presenting optimal apparent intensity.Extensive experiments on both multi-modal image fusion and digital photography image fusion demonstrate the superiority of our SwinFusion compared to the state-of-theart unified image fusion algorithms and task-specific alternatives.Implementation code and pre-trained weights can be accessed at https://github.com/Linfeng-Tang/SwinFusion.展开更多
A new method for image fusion based on Contourlet transform and cycle spinning is proposed. Contourlet transform is a flexible multiresolution, local and directional image expansion, also provids a sparse representati...A new method for image fusion based on Contourlet transform and cycle spinning is proposed. Contourlet transform is a flexible multiresolution, local and directional image expansion, also provids a sparse representation for two-dimensional piece-wise smooth signals resembling images. Due to lack of translation invariance property in Contourlet transform, the conventional image fusion algorithm based on Contourlet transform introduces many artifacts. According to the theory of cycle spinning applied to image denoising, an invariance transform can reduce the artifacts through a series of processing efficiently. So the technology of cycle spinning is introduced to develop the translation invariant Contourlet fusion algorithm. This method can effectively eliminate the Gibbs-like phenomenon, extract the characteristics of original images, and preserve more important information. Experimental results show the simplicity and effectiveness of the method and its advantages over the conventional approaches.展开更多
Image fusion aims to integrate complementary information in source images to synthesize a fused image comprehensively characterizing the imaging scene. However, existing image fusion algorithms are only applicable to ...Image fusion aims to integrate complementary information in source images to synthesize a fused image comprehensively characterizing the imaging scene. However, existing image fusion algorithms are only applicable to strictly aligned source images and cause severe artifacts in the fusion results when input images have slight shifts or deformations. In addition,the fusion results typically only have good visual effect, but neglect the semantic requirements of high-level vision tasks.This study incorporates image registration, image fusion, and semantic requirements of high-level vision tasks into a single framework and proposes a novel image registration and fusion method, named Super Fusion. Specifically, we design a registration network to estimate bidirectional deformation fields to rectify geometric distortions of input images under the supervision of both photometric and end-point constraints. The registration and fusion are combined in a symmetric scheme, in which while mutual promotion can be achieved by optimizing the naive fusion loss, it is further enhanced by the mono-modal consistent constraint on symmetric fusion outputs. In addition, the image fusion network is equipped with the global spatial attention mechanism to achieve adaptive feature integration. Moreover, the semantic constraint based on the pre-trained segmentation model and Lovasz-Softmax loss is deployed to guide the fusion network to focus more on the semantic requirements of high-level vision tasks. Extensive experiments on image registration, image fusion,and semantic segmentation tasks demonstrate the superiority of our Super Fusion compared to the state-of-the-art alternatives.The source code and pre-trained model are publicly available at https://github.com/Linfeng-Tang/Super Fusion.展开更多
In the process of in situ leaching of uranium,the microstructure controls and influences the flow distribution,percolation characteristics,and reaction mechanism of lixivium in the pores of reservoir rocks and directl...In the process of in situ leaching of uranium,the microstructure controls and influences the flow distribution,percolation characteristics,and reaction mechanism of lixivium in the pores of reservoir rocks and directly affects the leaching of useful components.In this study,the pore throat,pore size distribution,and mineral composition of low-permeability uranium-bearing sandstone were quantitatively analyzed by high pressure mercury injection,nuclear magnetic resonance,X-ray diffraction,and wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence.The distribution characteristics of pores and minerals in the samples were qualitatively analyzed using energy-dispersive scanning electron microscopy and multi-resolution CT images.Image registration with the landmarks algorithm provided by FEI Avizo was used to accurately match the CT images with different resolutions.The multi-scale and multi-mineral digital core model of low-permeability uranium-bearing sandstone is reconstructed through pore segmentation and mineral segmentation of fusion core scanning images.The results show that the pore structure of low-permeability uranium-bearing sandstone is complex and has multi-scale and multi-crossing characteristics.The intergranular pores determine the main seepage channel in the pore space,and the secondary pores have poor connectivity with other pores.Pyrite and coffinite are isolated from the connected pores and surrounded by a large number of clay minerals and ankerite cements,which increases the difficulty of uranium leaching.Clays and a large amount of ankerite cement are filled in the primary and secondary pores and pore throats of the low-permeability uraniumbearing sandstone,which significantly reduces the porosity of the movable fluid and results in low overall permeability of the cores.The multi-scale and multi-mineral digital core proposed in this study provides a basis for characterizing macroscopic and microscopic pore-throat structures and mineral distributions of low-permeability uranium-bearing sandstone and can better understand the seepage characteristics.展开更多
In the fusion of image,how to measure the local character and clarity is called activity measurement. According to the problem,the traditional measurement is decided only by the high-frequency detail coefficients, whi...In the fusion of image,how to measure the local character and clarity is called activity measurement. According to the problem,the traditional measurement is decided only by the high-frequency detail coefficients, which will make the energy expression insufficient to reflect the local clarity. Therefore,in this paper,a novel construction method for activity measurement is proposed. Firstly,it uses the wavelet decomposition for the fusion resource image, and then utilizes the high and low frequency wavelet coefficients synthetically. Meantime,it takes the normalized variance as the weight of high-frequency energy. Secondly,it calculates the measurement by the weighted energy,which can be used to measure the local character. Finally,the fusion coefficients can be got. In order to illustrate the superiority of this new method,three kinds of assessing indicators are provided. The experiment results show that,comparing with the traditional methods,this new method weakens the fuzzy and promotes the indicator value. Therefore,it has much more advantages for practical application.展开更多
Fusion methods based on multi-scale transforms have become the mainstream of the pixel-level image fusion. However,most of these methods cannot fully exploit spatial domain information of source images, which lead to ...Fusion methods based on multi-scale transforms have become the mainstream of the pixel-level image fusion. However,most of these methods cannot fully exploit spatial domain information of source images, which lead to the degradation of image.This paper presents a fusion framework based on block-matching and 3D(BM3D) multi-scale transform. The algorithm first divides the image into different blocks and groups these 2D image blocks into 3D arrays by their similarity. Then it uses a 3D transform which consists of a 2D multi-scale and a 1D transform to transfer the arrays into transform coefficients, and then the obtained low-and high-coefficients are fused by different fusion rules. The final fused image is obtained from a series of fused 3D image block groups after the inverse transform by using an aggregation process. In the experimental part, we comparatively analyze some existing algorithms and the using of different transforms, e.g. non-subsampled Contourlet transform(NSCT), non-subsampled Shearlet transform(NSST), in the 3D transform step. Experimental results show that the proposed fusion framework can not only improve subjective visual effect, but also obtain better objective evaluation criteria than state-of-the-art methods.展开更多
To overcome the shortcomings of 1 D and 2 D Otsu’s thresholding techniques, the 3 D Otsu method has been developed.Among all Otsu’s methods, 3 D Otsu technique provides the best threshold values for the multi-level ...To overcome the shortcomings of 1 D and 2 D Otsu’s thresholding techniques, the 3 D Otsu method has been developed.Among all Otsu’s methods, 3 D Otsu technique provides the best threshold values for the multi-level thresholding processes. In this paper, to improve the quality of segmented images, a simple and effective multilevel thresholding method is introduced. The proposed approach focuses on preserving edge detail by computing the 3 D Otsu along the fusion phenomena. The advantages of the presented scheme include higher quality outcomes, better preservation of tiny details and boundaries and reduced execution time with rising threshold levels. The fusion approach depends upon the differences between pixel intensity values within a small local space of an image;it aims to improve localized information after the thresholding process. The fusion of images based on local contrast can improve image segmentation performance by minimizing the loss of local contrast, loss of details and gray-level distributions. Results show that the proposed method yields more promising segmentation results when compared to conventional1 D Otsu, 2 D Otsu and 3 D Otsu methods, as evident from the objective and subjective evaluations.展开更多
Multi-source information can be obtained through the fusion of infrared images and visible light images,which have the characteristics of complementary information.However,the existing acquisition methods of fusion im...Multi-source information can be obtained through the fusion of infrared images and visible light images,which have the characteristics of complementary information.However,the existing acquisition methods of fusion images have disadvantages such as blurred edges,low contrast,and loss of details.Based on convolution sparse representation and improved pulse-coupled neural network this paper proposes an image fusion algorithm that decompose the source images into high-frequency and low-frequency subbands by non-subsampled Shearlet Transform(NSST).Furthermore,the low-frequency subbands were fused by convolutional sparse representation(CSR),and the high-frequency subbands were fused by an improved pulse coupled neural network(IPCNN)algorithm,which can effectively solve the problem of difficulty in setting parameters of the traditional PCNN algorithm,improving the performance of sparse representation with details injection.The result reveals that the proposed method in this paper has more advantages than the existing mainstream fusion algorithms in terms of visual effects and objective indicators.展开更多
文摘Multimodal medical image fusion has attained immense popularity in recent years due to its robust technology for clinical diagnosis.It fuses multiple images into a single image to improve the quality of images by retaining significant information and aiding diagnostic practitioners in diagnosing and treating many diseases.However,recent image fusion techniques have encountered several challenges,including fusion artifacts,algorithm complexity,and high computing costs.To solve these problems,this study presents a novel medical image fusion strategy by combining the benefits of pixel significance with edge-preserving processing to achieve the best fusion performance.First,the method employs a cross-bilateral filter(CBF)that utilizes one image to determine the kernel and the other for filtering,and vice versa,by considering both geometric closeness and the gray-level similarities of neighboring pixels of the images without smoothing edges.The outputs of CBF are then subtracted from the original images to obtain detailed images.It further proposes to use edge-preserving processing that combines linear lowpass filtering with a non-linear technique that enables the selection of relevant regions in detailed images while maintaining structural properties.These regions are selected using morphologically processed linear filter residuals to identify the significant regions with high-amplitude edges and adequate size.The outputs of low-pass filtering are fused with meaningfully restored regions to reconstruct the original shape of the edges.In addition,weight computations are performed using these reconstructed images,and these weights are then fused with the original input images to produce a final fusion result by estimating the strength of horizontal and vertical details.Numerous standard quality evaluation metrics with complementary properties are used for comparison with existing,well-known algorithms objectively to validate the fusion results.Experimental results from the proposed research article exhibit superior performance compared to other competing techniques in the case of both qualitative and quantitative evaluation.In addition,the proposed method advocates less computational complexity and execution time while improving diagnostic computing accuracy.Nevertheless,due to the lower complexity of the fusion algorithm,the efficiency of fusion methods is high in practical applications.The results reveal that the proposed method exceeds the latest state-of-the-art methods in terms of providing detailed information,edge contour,and overall contrast.
基金Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University and Researchers Supporting Project Number(PNURSP2024R346)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Recently,there have been several uses for digital image processing.Image fusion has become a prominent application in the domain of imaging processing.To create one final image that provesmore informative and helpful compared to the original input images,image fusion merges two or more initial images of the same item.Image fusion aims to produce,enhance,and transform significant elements of the source images into combined images for the sake of human visual perception.Image fusion is commonly employed for feature extraction in smart robots,clinical imaging,audiovisual camera integration,manufacturing process monitoring,electronic circuit design,advanced device diagnostics,and intelligent assembly line robots,with image quality varying depending on application.The research paper presents various methods for merging images in spatial and frequency domains,including a blend of stable and curvelet transformations,everageMax-Min,weighted principal component analysis(PCA),HIS(Hue,Intensity,Saturation),wavelet transform,discrete cosine transform(DCT),dual-tree Complex Wavelet Transform(CWT),and multiple wavelet transform.Image fusion methods integrate data from several source images of an identical target,thereby enhancing information in an extremely efficient manner.More precisely,in imaging techniques,the depth of field constraint precludes images from focusing on every object,leading to the exclusion of certain characteristics.To tackle thess challanges,a very efficient multi-focus wavelet decomposition and recompositionmethod is proposed.The use of these wavelet decomposition and recomposition techniques enables this method to make use of existing optimized wavelet code and filter choice.The simulated outcomes provide evidence that the suggested approach initially extracts particular characteristics from images in order to accurately reflect the level of clarity portrayed in the original images.This study enhances the performance of the eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)algorithm in detecting brain malignancies with greater precision through the integration of computational image analysis and feature selection.The performance of images is improved by segmenting them employing the K-Means algorithm.The segmentation method aids in identifying specific regions of interest,using Particle Swarm Optimization(PCA)for trait selection and XGBoost for data classification.Extensive trials confirm the model’s exceptional visual performance,achieving an accuracy of up to 97.067%and providing good objective indicators.
文摘A novel image fusion network framework with an autonomous encoder and decoder is suggested to increase thevisual impression of fused images by improving the quality of infrared and visible light picture fusion. The networkcomprises an encoder module, fusion layer, decoder module, and edge improvementmodule. The encoder moduleutilizes an enhanced Inception module for shallow feature extraction, then combines Res2Net and Transformerto achieve deep-level co-extraction of local and global features from the original picture. An edge enhancementmodule (EEM) is created to extract significant edge features. A modal maximum difference fusion strategy isintroduced to enhance the adaptive representation of information in various regions of the source image, therebyenhancing the contrast of the fused image. The encoder and the EEM module extract features, which are thencombined in the fusion layer to create a fused picture using the decoder. Three datasets were chosen to test thealgorithmproposed in this paper. The results of the experiments demonstrate that the network effectively preservesbackground and detail information in both infrared and visible images, yielding superior outcomes in subjectiveand objective evaluations.
文摘Medical image fusion is considered the best method for obtaining one image with rich details for efficient medical diagnosis and therapy.Deep learning provides a high performance for several medical image analysis applications.This paper proposes a deep learning model for the medical image fusion process.This model depends on Convolutional Neural Network(CNN).The basic idea of the proposed model is to extract features from both CT and MR images.Then,an additional process is executed on the extracted features.After that,the fused feature map is reconstructed to obtain the resulting fused image.Finally,the quality of the resulting fused image is enhanced by various enhancement techniques such as Histogram Matching(HM),Histogram Equalization(HE),fuzzy technique,fuzzy type,and Contrast Limited Histogram Equalization(CLAHE).The performance of the proposed fusion-based CNN model is measured by various metrics of the fusion and enhancement quality.Different realistic datasets of different modalities and diseases are tested and implemented.Also,real datasets are tested in the simulation analysis.
文摘The synthesis of visual information from multiple medical imaging inputs to a single fused image without any loss of detail and distortion is known as multimodal medical image fusion.It improves the quality of biomedical images by preserving detailed features to advance the clinical utility of medical imaging meant for the analysis and treatment of medical disor-ders.This study develops a novel approach to fuse multimodal medical images utilizing anisotropic diffusion(AD)and non-subsampled contourlet transform(NSCT).First,the method employs anisotropic diffusion for decomposing input images to their base and detail layers to coarsely split two features of input images such as structural and textural information.The detail and base layers are further combined utilizing a sum-based fusion rule which maximizes noise filtering contrast level by effectively preserving most of the structural and textural details.NSCT is utilized to further decompose these images into their low and high-frequency coefficients.These coefficients are then combined utilizing the principal component analysis/Karhunen-Loeve(PCA/KL)based fusion rule independently by substantiating eigenfeature reinforcement in the fusion results.An NSCT-based multiresolution analysis is performed on the combined salient feature information and the contrast-enhanced fusion coefficients.Finally,an inverse NSCT is applied to each coef-ficient to produce the final fusion result.Experimental results demonstrate an advantage of the proposed technique using a publicly accessible dataset and conducted comparative studies on three pairs of medical images from different modalities and health.Our approach offers better visual and robust performance with better objective measurements for research development since it excellently preserves significant salient features and precision without producing abnormal information in the case of qualitative and quantitative analysis.
文摘Fusing medical images is a topic of interest in processing medical images.This is achieved to through fusing information from multimodality images for the purpose of increasing the clinical diagnosis accuracy.This fusion aims to improve the image quality and preserve the specific features.The methods of medical image fusion generally use knowledge in many differentfields such as clinical medicine,computer vision,digital imaging,machine learning,pattern recognition to fuse different medical images.There are two main approaches in fusing image,including spatial domain approach and transform domain approachs.This paper proposes a new algorithm to fusion multimodal images.This algorithm is based on Entropy optimization and the Sobel operator.Wavelet transform is used to split the input images into components over the low and high frequency domains.Then,two fusion rules are used for obtaining the fusing images.Thefirst rule,based on the Sobel operator,is used for high frequency components.The second rule,based on Entropy optimization by using Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)algorithm,is used for low frequency components.Proposed algorithm is implemented on the images related to central nervous system diseases.The experimental results of the paper show that the proposed algorithm is better than some recent methods in term of brightness level,the contrast,the entropy,the gradient and visual informationfidelity for fusion(VIFF),Feature Mutual Information(FMI)indices.
文摘The demand for the exploration of ocean resources is increasing exponentially.Underwater image data plays a significant role in many research areas.Despite this,the visual quality of underwater images is degraded because of two main factors namely,backscattering and attenuation.Therefore,visual enhancement has become an essential process to recover the required data from the images.Many algorithms had been proposed in a decade for improving the quality of images.This paper aims to propose a single image enhancement technique without the use of any external datasets.For that,the degraded images are subjected to two main processes namely,color correction and image fusion.Initially,veiling light and transmission light is estimated tofind the color required for correction.Veiling light refers to unwanted light,whereas transmission light refers to the required light for color correction.These estimated outputs are applied in the scene recovery equation.The image obtained from color correction is subjected to a fusion process where the image is categorized into two versions and applied to white balance and contrast enhancement techniques.The resultants are divided into three weight maps namely,luminance,saliency,chromaticity and fused using the Laplacian pyramid.The results obtained are graphically compared with their input data using RGB Histogram plot.Finally,image quality is measured and tabulated using underwater image quality measures.
文摘An accurate and early diagnosis of brain tumors based on medical ima-ging modalities is of great interest because brain tumors are a harmful threat to a person’s health worldwide.Several medical imaging techniques have been used to analyze brain tumors,including computed tomography(CT)and magnetic reso-nance imaging(MRI).CT provides information about dense tissues,whereas MRI gives information about soft tissues.However,the fusion of CT and MRI images has little effect on enhancing the accuracy of the diagnosis of brain tumors.Therefore,machine learning methods have been adopted to diagnose brain tumors in recent years.This paper intends to develop a novel scheme to detect and classify brain tumors based on fused CT and MRI images.The pro-posed approach starts with preprocessing the images to reduce the noise.Then,fusion rules are applied to get the fused image,and a segmentation algorithm is employed to isolate the tumor region from the background to isolate the tumor region.Finally,a machine learning classifier classified the brain images into benign and malignant tumors.Computing statistical measures evaluate the classi-fication potential of the proposed scheme.Experimental outcomes are provided,and the Enhanced Flower Pollination Algorithm(EFPA)system shows that it out-performs other brain tumor classification methods considered for comparison.
文摘Medical Image Fusion is the synthesizing technology for fusing multi-modal medical information using mathematical procedures to generate better visual on the image content and high-quality image output.Medical image fusion represents an indispensible role infixing major solutions for the complicated medical predicaments,while the recent research results have an enhanced affinity towards the preservation of medical image details,leaving color distortion and halo artifacts to remain unaddressed.This paper proposes a novel method of fusing Computer Tomography(CT)and Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)using a hybrid model of Non Sub-sampled Contourlet Transform(NSCT)and Joint Sparse Representation(JSR).This model gratifies the need for precise integration of medical images of different modalities,which is an essential requirement in the diagnosing process towards clinical activities and treating the patients accordingly.In the proposed model,the medical image is decomposed using NSCT which is an efficient shift variant decomposition transformation method.JSR is exercised to extricate the common features of the medical image for the fusion process.The performance analysis of the proposed system proves that the proposed image fusion technique for medical image fusion is more efficient,provides better results,and a high level of distinctness by integrating the advantages of complementary images.The comparative analysis proves that the proposed technique exhibits better-quality than the existing medical image fusion practices.
文摘Medical image fusion has been developed as an efficient assistive technology in various clinical applications such as medical diagnosis and treatment planning.Aiming at the problem of insufficient protection of image contour and detail information by traditional image fusion methods,a new multimodal medical image fusion method is proposed.This method first uses non-subsampled shearlet transform to decompose the source image to obtain high and low frequency subband coefficients,then uses the latent low rank representation algorithm to fuse the low frequency subband coefficients,and applies the improved PAPCNN algorithm to fuse the high frequency subband coefficients.Finally,based on the automatic setting of parameters,the optimization method configuration of the time decay factorαe is carried out.The experimental results show that the proposed method solves the problems of difficult parameter setting and insufficient detail protection ability in traditional PCNN algorithm fusion images,and at the same time,it has achieved great improvement in visual quality and objective evaluation indicators.
文摘This study aimed to propose road crack detection method based on infrared image fusion technology.By analyzing the characteristics of road crack images,this method uses a variety of infrared image fusion methods to process different types of images.The use of this method allows the detection of road cracks,which not only reduces the professional requirements for inspectors,but also improves the accuracy of road crack detection.Based on infrared image processing technology,on the basis of in-depth analysis of infrared image features,a road crack detection method is proposed,which can accurately identify the road crack location,direction,length,and other characteristic information.Experiments showed that this method has a good effect,and can meet the requirement of road crack detection.
文摘To address the issue of deteriorated PCB image quality in the quality inspection process due to insufficient or uneven lighting, we proposed an image enhancement fusion algorithm based on different color spaces. Firstly, an improved MSRCR method was employed for brightness enhancement of the original image. Next, the color space of the original image was transformed from RGB to HSV, followed by processing the S-channel image using bilateral filtering and contrast stretching algorithms. The V-channel image was subjected to brightness enhancement using adaptive Gamma and CLAHE algorithms. Subsequently, the processed image was transformed back to the RGB color space from HSV. Finally, the images processed by the two algorithms were fused to create a new RGB image, and color restoration was performed on the fused image. Comparative experiments with other methods indicated that the contrast of the image was optimized, texture features were more abundantly preserved, brightness levels were significantly improved, and color distortion was prevented effectively, thus enhancing the quality of low-lit PCB images.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62075169,62003247,62061160370)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2020BAB113).
文摘This study proposes a novel general image fusion framework based on cross-domain long-range learning and Swin Transformer,termed as SwinFusion.On the one hand,an attention-guided cross-domain module is devised to achieve sufficient integration of complementary information and global interaction.More specifically,the proposed method involves an intra-domain fusion unit based on self-attention and an interdomain fusion unit based on cross-attention,which mine and integrate long dependencies within the same domain and across domains.Through long-range dependency modeling,the network is able to fully implement domain-specific information extraction and cross-domain complementary information integration as well as maintaining the appropriate apparent intensity from a global perspective.In particular,we introduce the shifted windows mechanism into the self-attention and cross-attention,which allows our model to receive images with arbitrary sizes.On the other hand,the multi-scene image fusion problems are generalized to a unified framework with structure maintenance,detail preservation,and proper intensity control.Moreover,an elaborate loss function,consisting of SSIM loss,texture loss,and intensity loss,drives the network to preserve abundant texture details and structural information,as well as presenting optimal apparent intensity.Extensive experiments on both multi-modal image fusion and digital photography image fusion demonstrate the superiority of our SwinFusion compared to the state-of-theart unified image fusion algorithms and task-specific alternatives.Implementation code and pre-trained weights can be accessed at https://github.com/Linfeng-Tang/SwinFusion.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60802084)
文摘A new method for image fusion based on Contourlet transform and cycle spinning is proposed. Contourlet transform is a flexible multiresolution, local and directional image expansion, also provids a sparse representation for two-dimensional piece-wise smooth signals resembling images. Due to lack of translation invariance property in Contourlet transform, the conventional image fusion algorithm based on Contourlet transform introduces many artifacts. According to the theory of cycle spinning applied to image denoising, an invariance transform can reduce the artifacts through a series of processing efficiently. So the technology of cycle spinning is introduced to develop the translation invariant Contourlet fusion algorithm. This method can effectively eliminate the Gibbs-like phenomenon, extract the characteristics of original images, and preserve more important information. Experimental results show the simplicity and effectiveness of the method and its advantages over the conventional approaches.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62276192,62075169,62061160370)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2020BAB113)。
文摘Image fusion aims to integrate complementary information in source images to synthesize a fused image comprehensively characterizing the imaging scene. However, existing image fusion algorithms are only applicable to strictly aligned source images and cause severe artifacts in the fusion results when input images have slight shifts or deformations. In addition,the fusion results typically only have good visual effect, but neglect the semantic requirements of high-level vision tasks.This study incorporates image registration, image fusion, and semantic requirements of high-level vision tasks into a single framework and proposes a novel image registration and fusion method, named Super Fusion. Specifically, we design a registration network to estimate bidirectional deformation fields to rectify geometric distortions of input images under the supervision of both photometric and end-point constraints. The registration and fusion are combined in a symmetric scheme, in which while mutual promotion can be achieved by optimizing the naive fusion loss, it is further enhanced by the mono-modal consistent constraint on symmetric fusion outputs. In addition, the image fusion network is equipped with the global spatial attention mechanism to achieve adaptive feature integration. Moreover, the semantic constraint based on the pre-trained segmentation model and Lovasz-Softmax loss is deployed to guide the fusion network to focus more on the semantic requirements of high-level vision tasks. Extensive experiments on image registration, image fusion,and semantic segmentation tasks demonstrate the superiority of our Super Fusion compared to the state-of-the-art alternatives.The source code and pre-trained model are publicly available at https://github.com/Linfeng-Tang/Super Fusion.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11775107)the Key Projects of Education Department of Hunan Province of China(No.16A184).
文摘In the process of in situ leaching of uranium,the microstructure controls and influences the flow distribution,percolation characteristics,and reaction mechanism of lixivium in the pores of reservoir rocks and directly affects the leaching of useful components.In this study,the pore throat,pore size distribution,and mineral composition of low-permeability uranium-bearing sandstone were quantitatively analyzed by high pressure mercury injection,nuclear magnetic resonance,X-ray diffraction,and wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence.The distribution characteristics of pores and minerals in the samples were qualitatively analyzed using energy-dispersive scanning electron microscopy and multi-resolution CT images.Image registration with the landmarks algorithm provided by FEI Avizo was used to accurately match the CT images with different resolutions.The multi-scale and multi-mineral digital core model of low-permeability uranium-bearing sandstone is reconstructed through pore segmentation and mineral segmentation of fusion core scanning images.The results show that the pore structure of low-permeability uranium-bearing sandstone is complex and has multi-scale and multi-crossing characteristics.The intergranular pores determine the main seepage channel in the pore space,and the secondary pores have poor connectivity with other pores.Pyrite and coffinite are isolated from the connected pores and surrounded by a large number of clay minerals and ankerite cements,which increases the difficulty of uranium leaching.Clays and a large amount of ankerite cement are filled in the primary and secondary pores and pore throats of the low-permeability uraniumbearing sandstone,which significantly reduces the porosity of the movable fluid and results in low overall permeability of the cores.The multi-scale and multi-mineral digital core proposed in this study provides a basis for characterizing macroscopic and microscopic pore-throat structures and mineral distributions of low-permeability uranium-bearing sandstone and can better understand the seepage characteristics.
基金Sponsored by the Nation Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61275010,61201237)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.HEUCFZ1129,No.HEUCF120805)
文摘In the fusion of image,how to measure the local character and clarity is called activity measurement. According to the problem,the traditional measurement is decided only by the high-frequency detail coefficients, which will make the energy expression insufficient to reflect the local clarity. Therefore,in this paper,a novel construction method for activity measurement is proposed. Firstly,it uses the wavelet decomposition for the fusion resource image, and then utilizes the high and low frequency wavelet coefficients synthetically. Meantime,it takes the normalized variance as the weight of high-frequency energy. Secondly,it calculates the measurement by the weighted energy,which can be used to measure the local character. Finally,the fusion coefficients can be got. In order to illustrate the superiority of this new method,three kinds of assessing indicators are provided. The experiment results show that,comparing with the traditional methods,this new method weakens the fuzzy and promotes the indicator value. Therefore,it has much more advantages for practical application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6157206361401308)+6 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2016YJS039)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(F2016201142F2016201187)the Natural Social Foundation of Hebei Province(HB15TQ015)the Science Research Project of Hebei Province(QN2016085ZC2016040)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei University(2014-303)
文摘Fusion methods based on multi-scale transforms have become the mainstream of the pixel-level image fusion. However,most of these methods cannot fully exploit spatial domain information of source images, which lead to the degradation of image.This paper presents a fusion framework based on block-matching and 3D(BM3D) multi-scale transform. The algorithm first divides the image into different blocks and groups these 2D image blocks into 3D arrays by their similarity. Then it uses a 3D transform which consists of a 2D multi-scale and a 1D transform to transfer the arrays into transform coefficients, and then the obtained low-and high-coefficients are fused by different fusion rules. The final fused image is obtained from a series of fused 3D image block groups after the inverse transform by using an aggregation process. In the experimental part, we comparatively analyze some existing algorithms and the using of different transforms, e.g. non-subsampled Contourlet transform(NSCT), non-subsampled Shearlet transform(NSST), in the 3D transform step. Experimental results show that the proposed fusion framework can not only improve subjective visual effect, but also obtain better objective evaluation criteria than state-of-the-art methods.
文摘To overcome the shortcomings of 1 D and 2 D Otsu’s thresholding techniques, the 3 D Otsu method has been developed.Among all Otsu’s methods, 3 D Otsu technique provides the best threshold values for the multi-level thresholding processes. In this paper, to improve the quality of segmented images, a simple and effective multilevel thresholding method is introduced. The proposed approach focuses on preserving edge detail by computing the 3 D Otsu along the fusion phenomena. The advantages of the presented scheme include higher quality outcomes, better preservation of tiny details and boundaries and reduced execution time with rising threshold levels. The fusion approach depends upon the differences between pixel intensity values within a small local space of an image;it aims to improve localized information after the thresholding process. The fusion of images based on local contrast can improve image segmentation performance by minimizing the loss of local contrast, loss of details and gray-level distributions. Results show that the proposed method yields more promising segmentation results when compared to conventional1 D Otsu, 2 D Otsu and 3 D Otsu methods, as evident from the objective and subjective evaluations.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 41505017.
文摘Multi-source information can be obtained through the fusion of infrared images and visible light images,which have the characteristics of complementary information.However,the existing acquisition methods of fusion images have disadvantages such as blurred edges,low contrast,and loss of details.Based on convolution sparse representation and improved pulse-coupled neural network this paper proposes an image fusion algorithm that decompose the source images into high-frequency and low-frequency subbands by non-subsampled Shearlet Transform(NSST).Furthermore,the low-frequency subbands were fused by convolutional sparse representation(CSR),and the high-frequency subbands were fused by an improved pulse coupled neural network(IPCNN)algorithm,which can effectively solve the problem of difficulty in setting parameters of the traditional PCNN algorithm,improving the performance of sparse representation with details injection.The result reveals that the proposed method in this paper has more advantages than the existing mainstream fusion algorithms in terms of visual effects and objective indicators.