Since industrial revolution, the atmospheric CO2 concentration has kept a continuous increase by more than 2.2 ppm yr^-1, and approaches to almost 400 ppm at present (Jouzel 2012). China has become the largest count...Since industrial revolution, the atmospheric CO2 concentration has kept a continuous increase by more than 2.2 ppm yr^-1, and approaches to almost 400 ppm at present (Jouzel 2012). China has become the largest country of greenhouse gas emission (GHG), and confronts with great challenge to mitigate GHG.展开更多
Reviewed are the present status and future prospects of the laser fusionresearch at the ILE Osaka. The Gekko XII and Peta Watt laser system have been operated forinvestigating the implosion hydrodynamics, fast ignitio...Reviewed are the present status and future prospects of the laser fusionresearch at the ILE Osaka. The Gekko XII and Peta Watt laser system have been operated forinvestigating the implosion hydrodynamics, fast ignition, and the relativistic laser plasmainteractions and so on. In particular, the fast ignition experiments with cone shell target havebeen in progress as the UK and US-Japan collaboration programs. In the experiments, the implodedhigh density plasmas are heated by irradiating 500 J level peta-watt laser pulse. The thermalneutron yield is found to increase by three orders of magnitude by injecting the peta-watt laserinto the cone shell target. The Rayleigh-Taylor instability experiment results are also reviewed isthis paper.展开更多
To provide clean energy at a lower cost to their citizens,all nations of the world are striving to increase their energy production in an environmentally friendly way.Benin has also joined this dynamic by considerably...To provide clean energy at a lower cost to their citizens,all nations of the world are striving to increase their energy production in an environmentally friendly way.Benin has also joined this dynamic by considerably increasing its green energy production efforts in recent years.The country has a huge undeveloped renewable-energy(RE)potential that can contribute considerably to its national energy production capacity.This paper summarizes the current RE situation in Benin and examines its future prospects.The current energy situation of the country is discussed,followed by an examination of its electricity demand-and-supply situation.The country has been found to depend heavily on natural gas and petroleum products from neighbouring countries and has~41%of national electricity access.However,the government is taking considerable steps to implement RE projects in the country.The study analyzes government targets in the energy sector with existing policies and institutional frameworks.Recommendations are made for the benefit of the government,the private sector and other actors in order to developing the RE potential of Benin.展开更多
The pathogenesis of cardiac diseases is very complex and involved in many gene transcription and protein expression. How to effectively treat the diseases has become the hotspot of modern medicine. Accumulating eviden...The pathogenesis of cardiac diseases is very complex and involved in many gene transcription and protein expression. How to effectively treat the diseases has become the hotspot of modern medicine. Accumulating evidences over the past decades on integrative medicine have shown us hopeful future prospects. With the development of modern biomedicine, such as sketch mapping genomic sequence, functional genomics,proteomics and pharmacogenetics, more advanced techniques could be applied in elucidating the possibly complicated biological networks, or complex pathological and physiological mechanisms underlying cardiac diseases, by which integrative medicine will also bring out some new and more effective strategies in the treatment of cardiac diseases.展开更多
This paper comprehensively analyzes the origins,current situation,and prospects of the sharing economy.The primary purpose is to present the issues and challenges confronting the sharing economy at its current,awkward...This paper comprehensively analyzes the origins,current situation,and prospects of the sharing economy.The primary purpose is to present the issues and challenges confronting the sharing economy at its current,awkward stage of development and to make reasonable speculations about its future.The research is based on academic literature on the sharing economy from both domestic and international sources.The findings indicate that despite current shortcomings in the regulatory system,industry structure,and user behavior,the scope of the sharing economy’s applications could still expand,and its technology could continue to advance.Overall,the prospects for the sharing economy are likely to be promising.展开更多
Ⅰ. Shipping After entering into the 1990’s, the ship-building industry, badly affected by the long recession of the world shipping market, has been growing very slowly, while the competition has been a fierce one. F...Ⅰ. Shipping After entering into the 1990’s, the ship-building industry, badly affected by the long recession of the world shipping market, has been growing very slowly, while the competition has been a fierce one. From the shares enjoyed by the major shipping countries in the world, we can see that the first one is Japan which occupied 38%; South Korea came to the second,obtaining 15%; the third is Germany, being 8%. The shipbuilding industry in America is shrinking, owing to the high cost of production. Up to 1993,Japanese ship yards had still been in difficult situation, and many Japanese ship owners would rather order new ships from South Korea because the rising value of Japanese yen made it expensive to build in domestic yards. Nowadays, Japanese shipbuilding industry is exposed to the problem of scarce of labour force. The Korean shipbuilding industry,展开更多
Automatic milking systems(AMS) were designed to replace existing, labor-intensive machine milking and are an area of rapid development in modern dairy farming. The popularity of AMS lies in the convenience of manageme...Automatic milking systems(AMS) were designed to replace existing, labor-intensive machine milking and are an area of rapid development in modern dairy farming. The popularity of AMS lies in the convenience of management, decreasing workloads and the consistency of milking compared with non-automated machine milking. Nevertheless, this innovation has not been reviewed comprehensively and the practical benefits of AMS are still unclear. This review gives a brief overview of the historical development of milking machines and the workflow process of state-of-the-art AMS. In addition, a series of comparisons between AMS and current milking machines are made with respect to labor savings, quality parameters, udder health, herd behavior and mastitis detection and are summarized on the basis of relevant studies to show the benefits of the technological changes achieved by AMS. Finally, this review addresses several deficiencies in the technology and procedures of current AMS that need to be improved and also assesses recent advances in milking techniques with a particular focus on their potential for application in AMS.展开更多
Goal self-concordance reflects self-generated personal goals aligning with people’s interests and core values in one’s implicit personality as organic components,which is measured by the“perceived locus of causalit...Goal self-concordance reflects self-generated personal goals aligning with people’s interests and core values in one’s implicit personality as organic components,which is measured by the“perceived locus of causality”PLOC.Pursuing and achieving self-concordant goals both predict diversified outcomes in need-satisfaction,mental and physical well-being,positive attitude and behavior,etc.Based on expounding and sorting out the concept and measurement about goal self-concordance,the author analyzes the differences among a series of goal self-concor-dance theories.This paper focuses on the latest research trends and summarizesfive influencing aspects of goal self-concordance:mental health,cognition,emotion,personal will,and behavioral outcomes.The mediating effects are discussed concerning antecedents and influence effects,the influence effects are shown in three aspects including the characteristics of individual,target,and environment.While the antecedent effects are respectively reflected in self-insight,personality,empowerment,and self-supported environment,content,and context of the goal itself.Finally,the author proposes several potential research interests from a broader perspective based on the current literature.展开更多
Due to its fascinating and tunable optoelectronic properties,semiconductor nanomaterials are the best choices for multidisciplinary applications.Particularly,the use of semiconductor photocatalysts is one of the promi...Due to its fascinating and tunable optoelectronic properties,semiconductor nanomaterials are the best choices for multidisciplinary applications.Particularly,the use of semiconductor photocatalysts is one of the promising ways to harness solar energy for useful applications in the field of energy and environment.In recent years,metal oxide-based tailored semiconductor photocatalysts have extensively been used for photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into fuels and other useful products utilizing solar energy.This is very significant not only from renewable energy consumption but also from reducing global warming point of view.Such current research activities are promising for a better future of society.The present mini-review is focused on recent developments(2–3 years)in metal oxide semiconductor hybrid photocatalysts-based photo-electrochemical conversion of CO_(2)into fuels and other useful products.First,general mechanism of photo-electrochemical conversion of CO_(2)into fuels or other useful products has been discussed.Then,various metal oxide-based emerging hybrid photocatalysts including tailoring of their morphological,compositional,and optoelectronic properties have been discussed with emphasis on their role in enhancing photoelectrochemical efficienty.Afterwards,mechanism of their photo-electrochemical reactions and applications in CO_(2)conversion into fuels/other useful products have been discussed.Finally,challenges and future prospects have been discussed followed by a summary.展开更多
As the only natural satellite of the earth, the Moon has always been the first choice for human exploration of the solar system. China's lunar exploration project(Chang'e project) was launched in 2004. At pres...As the only natural satellite of the earth, the Moon has always been the first choice for human exploration of the solar system. China's lunar exploration project(Chang'e project) was launched in 2004. At present, it has created a perfect end to the three phases of “orbiting, landing and returning”. A series of remarkable research achievements have been made on the basic issues of current lunar scientific research, such as the Earth-Moon space environment, lunar surface material, morphology,geological structure, lunar subsurface and internal structure, and the origin and evolution of the Moon, further deepening the human understanding of the Moon. This paper briefly reviews the development process of China's lunar exploration project,summarizes the main research results and scientific understanding, and finally prospects to the future development of China's lunar and planetary exploration.展开更多
The last 4 decades of reform and opening up have not only witnessed the rapid development of China’s social economy,but have also marked the crucial transition of China’s demographic structure from one that is matur...The last 4 decades of reform and opening up have not only witnessed the rapid development of China’s social economy,but have also marked the crucial transition of China’s demographic structure from one that is mature to one that is old.As China’s population has aged rapidly in recent years,studies of aging have made worthwhile achievements documenting the process.This article mainly summarizes the development of studies on aging in China during the past 40 years and finds that research into the topic of aging during these years can be divided into three phases.The phases are characterized by particular kinds of research.Phase one,the study of aging trends and causes;phase two,the study of aging characteristics and policy responses;and phase three,the study of top-level design of aging policies and programs,and the development of integrated interdisciplinary research efforts.The five main characteristics of China’s studies on aging during the past 4 decades and five future prospects for studies on aging are discussed at the end of this paper.展开更多
In 2020,China announced the"emission peak,carbon neutrality"policy,that is,China aims to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060.The scenario of carbon neutrality will b...In 2020,China announced the"emission peak,carbon neutrality"policy,that is,China aims to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060.The scenario of carbon neutrality will be significantly distinguished from the scenario we experienced since the industrial revolution.However,instrumental data are unavailable in the future carbon-neutral scenario.Earth system models and climate dynamics theory are needed to comprehend and project the climate change.In this paper,we illustrate our perspective of the issues related to"emission peak,carbon neutrality",including climate dynamics,climate-carbon feedback,interaction between China and global climate and carbon emissions and solutions,etc.We highlight that climate change has profoundly affected human production and life.The frequent occurrence of extreme weather disasters in recent years,together with the impact of epidemics,make the future"carbon peak&carbon-neutral"scenario more complex.There is whopping uncertainty but also a massive challenge to the scientific community.Thus,carbon neutrality is closely related to domestic production and lives,and there is little time left for planning.We believe that we will make a breakthrough in climate dynamics in the context of carbon neutrality with our joint efforts,which will serve our country’s carbon emission policy at different stages.展开更多
文摘Since industrial revolution, the atmospheric CO2 concentration has kept a continuous increase by more than 2.2 ppm yr^-1, and approaches to almost 400 ppm at present (Jouzel 2012). China has become the largest country of greenhouse gas emission (GHG), and confronts with great challenge to mitigate GHG.
文摘Reviewed are the present status and future prospects of the laser fusionresearch at the ILE Osaka. The Gekko XII and Peta Watt laser system have been operated forinvestigating the implosion hydrodynamics, fast ignition, and the relativistic laser plasmainteractions and so on. In particular, the fast ignition experiments with cone shell target havebeen in progress as the UK and US-Japan collaboration programs. In the experiments, the implodedhigh density plasmas are heated by irradiating 500 J level peta-watt laser pulse. The thermalneutron yield is found to increase by three orders of magnitude by injecting the peta-watt laserinto the cone shell target. The Rayleigh-Taylor instability experiment results are also reviewed isthis paper.
文摘To provide clean energy at a lower cost to their citizens,all nations of the world are striving to increase their energy production in an environmentally friendly way.Benin has also joined this dynamic by considerably increasing its green energy production efforts in recent years.The country has a huge undeveloped renewable-energy(RE)potential that can contribute considerably to its national energy production capacity.This paper summarizes the current RE situation in Benin and examines its future prospects.The current energy situation of the country is discussed,followed by an examination of its electricity demand-and-supply situation.The country has been found to depend heavily on natural gas and petroleum products from neighbouring countries and has~41%of national electricity access.However,the government is taking considerable steps to implement RE projects in the country.The study analyzes government targets in the energy sector with existing policies and institutional frameworks.Recommendations are made for the benefit of the government,the private sector and other actors in order to developing the RE potential of Benin.
基金partially supported by Beijing Committee of Science and Technology(No.D08050703020801)Capital Medical Development Research Fund(2014-3-2063,2014-2-1053)+1 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(744205)Dean’s Fund of Beijing Anzhen Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University(2013Z05)
文摘The pathogenesis of cardiac diseases is very complex and involved in many gene transcription and protein expression. How to effectively treat the diseases has become the hotspot of modern medicine. Accumulating evidences over the past decades on integrative medicine have shown us hopeful future prospects. With the development of modern biomedicine, such as sketch mapping genomic sequence, functional genomics,proteomics and pharmacogenetics, more advanced techniques could be applied in elucidating the possibly complicated biological networks, or complex pathological and physiological mechanisms underlying cardiac diseases, by which integrative medicine will also bring out some new and more effective strategies in the treatment of cardiac diseases.
文摘This paper comprehensively analyzes the origins,current situation,and prospects of the sharing economy.The primary purpose is to present the issues and challenges confronting the sharing economy at its current,awkward stage of development and to make reasonable speculations about its future.The research is based on academic literature on the sharing economy from both domestic and international sources.The findings indicate that despite current shortcomings in the regulatory system,industry structure,and user behavior,the scope of the sharing economy’s applications could still expand,and its technology could continue to advance.Overall,the prospects for the sharing economy are likely to be promising.
文摘Ⅰ. Shipping After entering into the 1990’s, the ship-building industry, badly affected by the long recession of the world shipping market, has been growing very slowly, while the competition has been a fierce one. From the shares enjoyed by the major shipping countries in the world, we can see that the first one is Japan which occupied 38%; South Korea came to the second,obtaining 15%; the third is Germany, being 8%. The shipbuilding industry in America is shrinking, owing to the high cost of production. Up to 1993,Japanese ship yards had still been in difficult situation, and many Japanese ship owners would rather order new ships from South Korea because the rising value of Japanese yen made it expensive to build in domestic yards. Nowadays, Japanese shipbuilding industry is exposed to the problem of scarce of labour force. The Korean shipbuilding industry,
基金supported financially by the China National Science and Technology Support Program (2012BAK08B04)
文摘Automatic milking systems(AMS) were designed to replace existing, labor-intensive machine milking and are an area of rapid development in modern dairy farming. The popularity of AMS lies in the convenience of management, decreasing workloads and the consistency of milking compared with non-automated machine milking. Nevertheless, this innovation has not been reviewed comprehensively and the practical benefits of AMS are still unclear. This review gives a brief overview of the historical development of milking machines and the workflow process of state-of-the-art AMS. In addition, a series of comparisons between AMS and current milking machines are made with respect to labor savings, quality parameters, udder health, herd behavior and mastitis detection and are summarized on the basis of relevant studies to show the benefits of the technological changes achieved by AMS. Finally, this review addresses several deficiencies in the technology and procedures of current AMS that need to be improved and also assesses recent advances in milking techniques with a particular focus on their potential for application in AMS.
基金Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71702068).
文摘Goal self-concordance reflects self-generated personal goals aligning with people’s interests and core values in one’s implicit personality as organic components,which is measured by the“perceived locus of causality”PLOC.Pursuing and achieving self-concordant goals both predict diversified outcomes in need-satisfaction,mental and physical well-being,positive attitude and behavior,etc.Based on expounding and sorting out the concept and measurement about goal self-concordance,the author analyzes the differences among a series of goal self-concor-dance theories.This paper focuses on the latest research trends and summarizesfive influencing aspects of goal self-concordance:mental health,cognition,emotion,personal will,and behavioral outcomes.The mediating effects are discussed concerning antecedents and influence effects,the influence effects are shown in three aspects including the characteristics of individual,target,and environment.While the antecedent effects are respectively reflected in self-insight,personality,empowerment,and self-supported environment,content,and context of the goal itself.Finally,the author proposes several potential research interests from a broader perspective based on the current literature.
基金supported financially by Department of Science and Techanology,India,Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique(INRS),andÉcole de Technologie Supérieure(ÉTS),the Marcelle-Gauvreau Engineering Research Chair program。
文摘Due to its fascinating and tunable optoelectronic properties,semiconductor nanomaterials are the best choices for multidisciplinary applications.Particularly,the use of semiconductor photocatalysts is one of the promising ways to harness solar energy for useful applications in the field of energy and environment.In recent years,metal oxide-based tailored semiconductor photocatalysts have extensively been used for photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into fuels and other useful products utilizing solar energy.This is very significant not only from renewable energy consumption but also from reducing global warming point of view.Such current research activities are promising for a better future of society.The present mini-review is focused on recent developments(2–3 years)in metal oxide semiconductor hybrid photocatalysts-based photo-electrochemical conversion of CO_(2)into fuels and other useful products.First,general mechanism of photo-electrochemical conversion of CO_(2)into fuels or other useful products has been discussed.Then,various metal oxide-based emerging hybrid photocatalysts including tailoring of their morphological,compositional,and optoelectronic properties have been discussed with emphasis on their role in enhancing photoelectrochemical efficienty.Afterwards,mechanism of their photo-electrochemical reactions and applications in CO_(2)conversion into fuels/other useful products have been discussed.Finally,challenges and future prospects have been discussed followed by a summary.
文摘As the only natural satellite of the earth, the Moon has always been the first choice for human exploration of the solar system. China's lunar exploration project(Chang'e project) was launched in 2004. At present, it has created a perfect end to the three phases of “orbiting, landing and returning”. A series of remarkable research achievements have been made on the basic issues of current lunar scientific research, such as the Earth-Moon space environment, lunar surface material, morphology,geological structure, lunar subsurface and internal structure, and the origin and evolution of the Moon, further deepening the human understanding of the Moon. This paper briefly reviews the development process of China's lunar exploration project,summarizes the main research results and scientific understanding, and finally prospects to the future development of China's lunar and planetary exploration.
文摘The last 4 decades of reform and opening up have not only witnessed the rapid development of China’s social economy,but have also marked the crucial transition of China’s demographic structure from one that is mature to one that is old.As China’s population has aged rapidly in recent years,studies of aging have made worthwhile achievements documenting the process.This article mainly summarizes the development of studies on aging in China during the past 40 years and finds that research into the topic of aging during these years can be divided into three phases.The phases are characterized by particular kinds of research.Phase one,the study of aging trends and causes;phase two,the study of aging characteristics and policy responses;and phase three,the study of top-level design of aging policies and programs,and the development of integrated interdisciplinary research efforts.The five main characteristics of China’s studies on aging during the past 4 decades and five future prospects for studies on aging are discussed at the end of this paper.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.42141019,41831175,91937302,and 41721004)Key Deployment Project of Centre for Ocean Mega-Research of Science,Chinese academy of science(Grant No.COMS2019Q03)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA20060501).
文摘In 2020,China announced the"emission peak,carbon neutrality"policy,that is,China aims to have CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060.The scenario of carbon neutrality will be significantly distinguished from the scenario we experienced since the industrial revolution.However,instrumental data are unavailable in the future carbon-neutral scenario.Earth system models and climate dynamics theory are needed to comprehend and project the climate change.In this paper,we illustrate our perspective of the issues related to"emission peak,carbon neutrality",including climate dynamics,climate-carbon feedback,interaction between China and global climate and carbon emissions and solutions,etc.We highlight that climate change has profoundly affected human production and life.The frequent occurrence of extreme weather disasters in recent years,together with the impact of epidemics,make the future"carbon peak&carbon-neutral"scenario more complex.There is whopping uncertainty but also a massive challenge to the scientific community.Thus,carbon neutrality is closely related to domestic production and lives,and there is little time left for planning.We believe that we will make a breakthrough in climate dynamics in the context of carbon neutrality with our joint efforts,which will serve our country’s carbon emission policy at different stages.