α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.

Aim To screen for α-glucosidase inhibitor from Glyeyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.. Methods Glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, flavonoids of glycyrrhiza, alkaloids of glycyrrhiza, and glycyrrhiza polysaccharides were isolated from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. respectively. Three compounds were isolated from the flavonoids of glycyrrhiza as guided by the α-glucosidase inhibitory test in vitro. Moreover, the characteristics of inhibitory kinetics of glycyrol and glycyrrhetinic acid were investi- gated. Results The flavonoids of glycyrrhiza and glycyrrhetinic acid had the strongest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Glycyrol,β-sitosterol and liquifitin were isolated and identified. Glycyrol was a fast- binding, reversible, noncompetitive α-glucosidase inhibitor, showing IC50 at 0.26 μg·mL^-1 Glycyrrhetinic acid was a fast-binding, irreversible α-glucosidase inhibitor, showing IC50 at 102.4 μg·mL^-1. Conclusion Glycyrol is an effective α-glucosidase inhibitor.

Measurement and comparison of glycyrrhizic acid contents in root of licorice(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.)from different cultivating areas

The samples of licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) from 14 different cultivated areas were determined by the method of high Performance Capillary Electrophoresis (HPCE) for the contents of glycyrrihizic acid (GA) in root. The results showed that the licorice plants come from various cultivated areas of China has different contents of GA. The GA content of licorice from Zhaodong in Heilongjiang Province is the highest, followed by those from E抰uoke, Chifeng, and Hangjin Banner in Inner Mongolia. Some suggestions for establishing the production base of licorice were put forward based on the study.

Primary Speciation Analysis on 6 Kinds of Microelements in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.

[Objective]The aim was to analyze the primary speciation of 6 microelements in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. and provide theoretical basis for explaining pharmacodynamic principle of liquorice and discussing quality control of liquorice planting. [Method]The 6 elements Cu,Zn,Ca,Fe,Mg and Mn in roots of G.uralensis were extracted based on traditional decoction method and were separated into water-soluble state and suspension state by micro porous filtering film. The elements in water-soluble state were detected by flame atomic adsorption spectrophotometry （FAAS）. [Result]The results showed that extractive rates of the elements were in the range of 1.71%-60.06%,and immerse-residue ratio in 0.018 3-1.682 0; the results also indicated that the immerse-residue ratio of Zn was biggest （1.68）,Zn played an important medical role and might be considered as the best characteristic element in G.uralensis; the recoveries of the elements were ranged from 95.72% to 103.15% and relative standard deviations （RSD） were less than 2.38%. [Conclusion]Because of its high accuracy,FAAS method is feasible for analyzing primary speciation of microelements in G.uralensis.

Effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch polysaccharide on growth performance and immunologic function in mice in Ural City,Xinjiang

Objective:To discuss the effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis(G.uralensis) Fisch polysaccharide on growth performance and immunologic function in mice in Ural City,Xinjiang and to provide important data supporting the application of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide.Methods:A total of100 Kunming mice aged 3 weeks old were randomly divided into 5 groups with 20 mice in each group(10 were females and 10 were males).About 0.5 mL normal saline was given to the mice of control group every day and 0.5 mL G.uralensis Fisch polysaccharide was given to the mice of other groups at the concentration of 1,20,50 and 100 mg/mL respectively.The growth performance(average body weight,average daily feed intake and feed efficiency),immune organ indexes(spleen index and thymus index) and immunologic function(serum IL-2,CD4^+/CD8^+ and the activity of NK cells) of mice in each group were detected continuously.Results:The average body weight,feed efficiency,serum IL-2,CD4^+/CD8^+ and the activity of NK cells of mice were increased with the increase of administrated time after administrating G.uralensis Fisch polysaccharide and were reached up the largest level on Day 28.At the same time,each index was proportional to the given dose and was significantly higher than those of control group and reached up the largest level at the administrated dose of 100 mg/mL.After administrating G.uralensis Fisch polysaccharide,the spleen index and thymus index of mice were increased with the increase of administrated dose and the spleen index and thymus index of mice administrated with the dose of 100 mg/mL were maximum which was more than 1.51 times and 1.43 times of that in control group respectively and the comparative differences showed statistical significance(P<0.05).The average daily feed intake of mice in each group was increased with the passage of lime and at the same time,the comparison of average daily feed intake of mice in each group was not significantly different(P>0.05).Conclusions:G.uralensis Fisch polysaccharide can significantly improve the growth performance and immunologic function of mice and laid a research basis for the clinical application of G.uralensis Fisch polysaccharide.

乌拉尔甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.)大面积人工种植试验初报

人工种植甘草是治沙工程中的内容之一 ,试验通过采取机械直播的方式种植甘草 ,研究了不同播种深度、灌溉水平、种植密度对出苗率、保苗率及生长量的影响。结果表明 ,在灌溉条件下 ,甘草播种量为 2 2 .5kg/hm2 ,密度 30万株 /hm2 ;在喷水条件下 ,喷水时数达 2 0h,灌溉总额约为 1 50 0 m3/hm2

Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of an Actin Gene from Chinese Licorice(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch)

A PCR-based homologous cloning strategy was used to identify an actin gene from the roots of Chinese licorice（Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch）. Results of sequence analysis indicate that a 1137 bp cDNA with an open reading frame encoding 377 amino acids, actin ortholog, GuActin, was successfully cloned and characterized（GenBank accession No. EU190972）. Thus far, GuActin is the first actin of Chinese licorice that has been identified at a molecular level. Analysis by Northern blot shows that GuActin was expressed strongly in the roots, particularly in radicles than in stems and leaves. These results suggest that GuActin may be a member of the vegetative subfamily of the actin family.

Effect of Ar Ion Beam Implantation on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Liquorice(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch)Under Short-Term Artificial Drought Conditions

Ar^＋ ion beam with low energy of 30 keV was implanted into liquorice （Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch） seeds at the doses of 0, 600, 900 and 1200 × （2.6 × 10^13） ions/cm^2, respectively. The seeds were sowed in pots and after one month the plants were subjected to different drought conditions for two months. Then the plants＇ morphological and physiological characteristics, antioxidation enzymes and levels of endogenous hormones were investigated. The results showed that ion implantation at a proper dose can greatly enhance the liquorice seedlings＇ resistance against drought stress.

Impact of Ion Implantation on Licorice(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) Growth and Antioxidant Activity Under Drought Stress

Low energy ion beams are known to have stimulation effects on plant generation and to improve plants＇ intrinsic quality. In the present study, the growth and physiological index of licorice implanted with 0, 8, 10; 12 and 14× （2.6× 10^15） ions/cm^2 were investigated under well-watered and drought-stress conditions. The results showed that a proper dose of ion implan- tation was particularly efficient in stimulating the licorice growth and improving the plant biomass significantly in both the well-watered and drought-stress conditions. The physiological results of licorice measured by leaf water potential, lipid oxidation, soluble protein and antioxidant system showed a significant correlation between ion implantation and water regime except for leaf water potential. Therefore, the study indicated that ion implantation can enhance licorice＇s drought tolerance by increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, eatalase （CAT） and DPPH （1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl） radical scavenging ability to lower oxidative damage to lipids in plants. Ion beam implantation, therefore, provides an alternative method to enhance licorice drought tolerance.

ISOLATION, PROPERTIES AND CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF A GLUCAN FROM GLYCYRRHIZIA URALENSIS FISCH

A new polysaccharide,GBW was obtained homogeneous as determined by HPLC from the roots of Glycyrrhizia uralensis Fisch. The molecular weight was estimated to be 4000. The component sugar was identified as glucose only. The specific rotation [α]^(28)_D (C=0.1,H_2O) was +1200. The α-configuration was established by IR and ^(13)C NMR. Methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, partial hydrolysis, KI-I_2 reaction and ^(13)C NMR showed that GBW is a new (1→4)linked linear α-D-glucan. The structure is shown as 1.

外源钙对甘草生长及生理特性的影响

【目的】为揭示宁夏中部干旱带甘草优质高产栽培过程中甘草对不同钙浓度的适应机制,探究了外源钙对甘草生长及生理生化特性的影响。【方法】以乌拉尔甘草为试验材料,设置0(CK)、5(G_(1))、10(G_(2))、15(G_(3))、20 mmol/L(G_(4))5个钙浓度,分析比较了不同浓度外源钙处理下甘草生长、光合特性及抗氧化酶活性的变化,同时采用主成分分析和隶属函数法综合评价出适宜甘草生长的外源钙施用浓度。【结果】随着钙浓度的增加,甘草主根长、主根直径、单根鲜质量呈先增加后下降的趋势,且不同处理之间差异不显著;甘草叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性整体呈现先升后降的趋势,钙浓度为10 mmol/L时,Tr、Pn、Gs、SOD活性、CAT活性均达到峰值,且Pn、Gs显著高于对照(P<0.05)。MDA含量随着钙浓度的增加呈先下降后上升的趋势,各浓度处理间差异显著(P<0.05),钙浓度为10mmol/L时的MDA含量最低。综合评价结果表明,钙浓度为10mmol/L时,隶属函数值的均值最大,为0.739。【结论】施用外源钙有利于改善甘草的生理生化特性,促进生长发育;10mmol/L钙浓度是甘草生长的最佳施用量,可为干旱地区甘草的栽培模式提供理论依据。

乌拉尔甘草不同组织可培养内生菌分离筛选及产β-葡萄糖苷酶菌株初筛

【目的】研究新疆阿勒泰地区乌拉尔甘草不同组织可培养内生菌的资源状况以及选育高产β-葡萄糖苷酶菌株。【方法】以乌拉尔甘草为材料,运用组织匀浆法与16S rDNA和ITS-rDNA分子生物学方法相结合方式,对其主根、须根、茎、叶中的内生菌进行分离、纯化和鉴定;采用七叶苷培养基和β-葡萄糖苷酶酶活力测定筛选产β-葡萄糖苷酶菌株。【结果】从甘草中分离获得内生菌共48株,其中内生细菌33株,内生真菌15株。在主根和茎部位分离内生细菌数量最多,内生真菌在主根中定殖的数量最多。33株甘草内生细菌隶属于8个属,芽孢杆菌属菌株分离获得最多,且甘草主根部位的内生细菌分离种类最多,在甘草不同组织中多样性表现为主根>须根=茎=叶。15株甘草内生真菌隶属于7个属,枝孢属是甘草内生真菌的优势属,内生真菌在不同组织中多样性表现为主根>茎>叶>须根。共有12株具有产β-葡萄糖苷酶的能力,其中分离自主根部位的菌株最多,占比41.7%。【结论】甘草主根组织的可培养内生菌的多样性相较其他组织丰富,且主根部位产β-葡萄糖苷酶菌株较多,是选育产酶菌株的优势部位。

大枣生姜甘草复合饮料制备及抗氧化研究

以大枣、甘草、生姜为原料,研制一种复合饮料.利用单因素分析和正交试验,以感官评分和可溶性固形物含量为评价指标,研制枣姜甘草复合饮料的最优配方.研究表明,枣姜甘草复合饮料的最佳配方为:大枣汁54%、生姜汁14%、甘草汁5%,柠檬酸0.025 g.所得复合饮料感官评分为82.67,总糖含量为1.744 g/100g,总酸度为0.533 g/kg,可溶性固形物含量为11.50%, DPPH自由基清除率为77.08%,羟自由基清除率为24.20%,制备得到的产品具有良好的抗氧化能力.

双波长HPLC法同时测定消炎灵胶囊中四种成分的含量

目的:建立双波长HPLC法同时测定消炎灵胶囊中苦玄参苷Ⅰ_(A)、苦玄参苷Ⅰ_(B)、甘草苷、甘草酸含量,对市售消炎灵胶囊中苦玄参和甘草质量进行研究与评价。方法:使用HPLC,选择Waters Xselect C_(18)色谱柱,以乙腈为流动相A,0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相B进行梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,检测波长237 nm(甘草苷、甘草酸)、264 nm(苦玄参苷Ⅰ_(A)、苦玄参苷Ⅰ_(B))。结果:65批消炎灵胶囊4种成分线性关系良好(r=0.9998~1.0000),平均加样回收率为97.6%~98.6%(RSD值均小于1%)。部分企业消炎灵胶囊不同批次间4种成分含量存在较大差异,说明各批次间均一性较差。提示各生产企业加强对药材质量控制。结论:该方法简单快捷,可同时测定4个成分含量,并具有良好精密度、重复性和稳定性,为消炎灵胶囊中苦玄参苷Ⅰ_(A)、苦玄参苷Ⅰ_(B)、甘草苷、甘草酸质量评价提供参考。

基于化学计量学建模分析对甘草质量的综合评价

为探讨主成分分析法和相关性分析综合评价不同种植地点和时间甘草药材质量的可行性,分别对甘肃省张掖市不同地区种植的共14批甘草药材中芹糖甘草苷、甘草苷、甘草酸、浸出物、多糖、总黄酮、粗纤维及水分含量进行测定,并对测定的结果进行相关性分析及主成分分析。相关性分析表明,各指标存在潜在的相关性,其中甘草浸出物与总黄酮、甘草酸之间呈极显著性相关,甘草苷与甘草酸之间呈显著性相关,总黄酮与芹糖甘草苷、甘草苷之间呈显著性相关,芹糖甘草苷与甘草苷之间呈显著性相关,其他指标之间的相关性显著性弱或不显著。综合主成分评价表明,14号样品品质最优,肃南县种植的甘草质量普遍较高。综上表明相关性分析及主成分分析可以用于不同地点甘草的质量分析及综合评价,可以为甘草的多指标评价提供借鉴,也可以为进一步建立全面的甘草质量评价体系奠定基础。

甘草多糖GPS对病毒的抑制作用

从甘草残渣中分离得到了一种中性水溶性多糖———甘草多糖 (GPS) ,并研究其对牛艾滋病病毒 (BIV)、腺病毒Ⅲ型 (AdVⅢ )和柯萨奇病毒 (CBV3)的抑制作用 ,结果发现 ,GPS对BIV有一定的抑制作用 ,抑制率为 36 .2 % ,GPS对AdVⅢ和CBV3也有明显的抑制与直接灭活作用 .

乌拉尔甘草与刺果甘草茎叶营养成分的比较

对乌拉尔甘草 (Glycyrrhizauralensis,Fisch)和刺果甘草 (GlycyrrhizapallidifloraMax )茎叶进行了氨基酸、微量元素及蛋白质、糖、粗脂肪等营养成分的测定和分析 .结果表明 :乌拉尔甘草茎叶氨基酸含量为 2 6 96 % (干物质 ) ,粗蛋白含量为 2 3 5 6 % ,总糖含量为 14 0 5 % ,粗纤维含量为 19 6 % ;刺果甘草氨基酸、钙、钾含量较高 ,分别为 2 8 2 4 % (干物质 )、 1 4 1mg/g、 1 4 7mg/g,从而为其资源的开发利用提供了科学依据 .

紫外分光光度法测定甘草黄酮含量

采用分光光度法,测定了甘草中总黄酮的含量,检测波长为500nm,标准曲线相关系数R^2为0.9994,相对标准偏差为0.20%,平均加样回收率为100.20%。结果表明,此法准确度较高。

甘草和五味子对大鼠肝微粒体CYP450诱导作用的研究

目的 考察甘草和五味子对大鼠肝微粒体CYP45 0的诱导作用及其对丙咪嗪体外代谢的影响。方法 大鼠分别给予甘草或五味子的水提物连续 3d或 6d ,然后制备肝微粒体并测定其CYP45 0的水平 ;以丙咪嗪为底物 ,采用体外温孵法 ,用HPLC测定丙咪嗪及其主要代谢物的量以考察其代谢情况。结果 给予中草药的大鼠肝微粒体CYP45 0水平均显著提高 ,其对丙咪嗪的体外代谢速率显著加快。结论 研究显示甘草和五味子对大鼠CYP45 0有诱导作用 。

甘草中甘草酸的微波萃取

目的 研究利用微波萃取技术提取甘草中甘草酸的方法。方法 采用正交试验考察提取温度、提取时间、微波功率对甘草酸含量和提取总时间的影响 ,确定微波萃取甘草中甘草酸的最佳工艺条件。在优选出的微波萃取最佳工艺条件下 ,考察了提取溶剂对甘草酸含量的影响 ,并与超声波提取法、室温冷浸法和索氏提取法比较。结果微波提取的最佳条件为以 0 5 %氨水为提取溶媒 ,微波功率为 2 0 0 0W ,体系温度升至 6 0℃后保温提取 4 0min。微波萃取 5 4min与索氏提取 4h、室温冷浸 4 4 3h的甘草酸得率相当。结论 微波萃取具有快速、高效、节能、选择性好的特点 ,可用于中草药有效成分的提取 ,值得推广应用。

基于遥感技术的甘草资源调查方法研究

目的以甘草为研究对象,以遥感技术为基础,探索野生药用植物资源调查的方法。方法通过对确定的研究区域进行遥感调查,确定调查的最佳技术方案。结果确定了基于遥感并结合野外抽样的甘草资源调查方法,包括遥感信息源的选择、图象的处理、解译、野外验证等。结论采用中等分辨率的卫星影像ETM(15 m)量测,并计算出甘草分布的面积和蕴藏量,判读精度高于90%,表明该遥感调查方法用于甘草的野生资源调查是可行的。