1-Chloromethyl-6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-sulfonic acid amide, a derivative of tetrahydroisoquinoline, induces granulocytic differentiation of the human leukemic HL-60 cells via G0/G1 phase arrest

Tetrahydroisoquinolines are known to have various biological effects, including antitumor activity. This study investigated the effect of 1-chloromethyl-6, 7-dimethoxy-3, 4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-sulfonic acid amide (CDST), a newly synthesized anticancer agent, on cellular differentiation and proliferation in HL-60 cells. Differentiation and proliferation of HL-60 cells were determined through expression of CD11b and CD14 surface antigens using flow cytometry and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) assay, and through analysis of cell cycle using propidium iodide staining, western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation, respectively. CDST induced the differentiation of HL-60, as shown by increased expression of differentiation surface antigen CD11b (but no significant change in CD14 expression) and increased NBT-reducing functional activity. DNA flow cytometry analysis indicated that CDST markedly induced a G0/G1 phase arrest of HL-60 cells. Subsequently, we examined the expre-ssion of G0/G1 phase cell cycle-related proteins, including cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), cyclins and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs), during the differentiation of HL-60. The levels of CDK2, CDK6, cyclin E and cyclin A were decreased, whereas steady-state levels of CDK4 and cyclin D1 were unaffected. The expression of the p27Kip1 was markedly increased by CDST, but not p21WAF1/Cip1. Moreover, CDST markedly enhanced the binding of p27Kip1 with CDK2 and CDK6, resulting in the reduced activity of both kinases. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CDST is capable of inducing cellular differentiation and growth inhibition through p27Kip1 protein-related G0/G1 phase arrest in HL-60 cells.

Nanosize aminated fullerene for autophagic flux activation and G0/G1 phase arrest in cancer cells via post-transcriptional regulation

Functional fullerene derivatives exhibit special inhibitory effects on tumor progress and metastasis via diverse tumor microenvironment regulations,while the elusive molecular mechanisms hinder their clinical transformation.Herein,it is initially revealed that nanosize aminated fullerene(C_(70)-EDA)can activate autophagic flux,induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest to abrogate cancer cell proliferation,and significantly inhibit tumor growth in vivo.Mechanismly,C_(70)-EDA promotes the expression of cathepsin D involved in autophagic activation via post-transcriptional regulation,attributing to the interaction with a panel of RNA binding proteins.The accumulation of cathepsin D induces the autophagic degradation of cyclin D1,which arouses G0/G1 phase arrest.This work unveils the fantastic anti-tumor activity of aminated fullerene,elucidates the molecular mechanism,and provides a new strategy for the antineoplastic drug development on functional fullerenes.

贝母素乙通过诱导G0/G1期阻滞抑制结肠癌细胞的增殖

目的:探讨贝母素乙对结肠癌HCT116细胞增殖的抑制作用及其分子机制。方法:利用不同浓度的贝母素乙处理人结肠癌细胞HCT116和正常结肠上皮细胞CCD841 CON,通过CCK-8法和结晶紫染色法检测贝母素乙对HCT116和CCD841 CON细胞增殖活力的影响,流式细胞术和WB法检测贝母素乙对HCT116细胞周期及其细胞周期相关蛋白表达的影响。构建HCT116移植瘤裸鼠模型和AOM/DSS结肠癌小鼠模型,观察贝母素乙对小鼠模型肿瘤生长和OS的影响,免疫组化法和WB法检测对移植瘤或肿瘤组织中细胞周期相关蛋白CDK4、CDK6和cyclin D1表达的影响。结果:贝母素乙可显著抑制结肠癌HCT116细胞的增殖能力(P<0.01),诱导HCT116细胞周期G0/G1期阻滞(P<0.01),降低CDK4、CDK6和cyclin D1的蛋白表达水平(均P<0.01)。荷瘤小鼠实验结果显示,贝母素乙(0.75 mg/kg)显著抑制HCT116细胞移植瘤的生长并延长荷瘤裸鼠的OS(P<0.05或P<0.01),降低AOM/DSS模型小鼠的体质量、延长OS、减少癌变肠组织的肿瘤个数和肿瘤体积,下调肿瘤组织中CDK4、CDK6和cyclin D1的蛋白表达(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:贝母素乙通过下调CDK4、CDK6和cyclin D1的表达水平,引起细胞周期G0/G1期阻滞,从而抑制结肠癌HCT116细胞的增殖。

β_2受体阻滞剂诱导胰腺癌细胞G1/S期阻滞的实验研究

目的研究β_2受体阻滞剂ICI118,551诱导胰腺癌细胞G1/S期阻滞及其相关机制。方法应用β_2受体阻滞剂ICI118,551和β_1受体阻滞剂美托洛尔干预胰腺癌细胞,通过流式细胞仪检测细胞周期、Western blot技术检测β_2受体阻滞剂对细胞周期调节蛋白Cyclin D1和Cyclin E表达的影响,EMSA技术检测核转录因子NF-κB的活性,构建裸鼠肾包膜下移植瘤模型检测肿瘤增殖情况。结果 ICI118,551可显著诱导胰腺癌细胞G1/S期阻滞,并显著优于美托洛尔组(P<0.05);ICI118,551干预组抑制Cyclin D1和Cyclin E的表达,并可抑制NF-κB的活性;裸鼠肾包膜下移植瘤实验显示ICI118,551可显著抑制胰腺癌细胞的增殖。结论β_2受体阻滞剂ICI118,551可有效诱导胰腺癌细胞G1/S期阻滞,抑制胰腺癌细胞的增殖。

ICI118,551诱导胰腺癌细胞凋亡及其机制的实验研究

目的研究ICI118,551通过调控细胞信号通路抑制抗凋亡分子的表达所产生的促凋亡效应及其机制.方法应用β2受体阻滞剂ICI118,551和β1受体阻滞剂美托洛尔干预胰腺癌细胞,通过电镜检测细胞凋亡、Hoechst 33324荧光染色检测细胞凋亡、流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡、Western blot等技术检测β2受体阻滞剂对ERK和Akt磷酸化改变,调节细胞凋亡和细胞周期下游相关分子caspase-3、caspase-9、Bcl-2及Bax的表达.结果 ICI118,551可显著诱导胰腺癌细胞凋亡,细胞凋亡率显著大于美托洛尔组(P<0.05);ICI118,551干预组抑制Akt和ERK的磷酸化,并激活Bax、caspase-3和caspase-9活性片段的表达,同时抑制Bcl-2的表达.结论β2受体阻滞剂可以阻断相关细胞通路而进一步抑制下游相关促侵袭和抗凋亡分子的表达,并产生促凋亡效应.

MicroRNA-10a通过靶向作用E2F3抑制肝癌细胞的增殖

目的：探讨微小RNA-10a（microRNA-10a,miR-10a）对肝癌细胞增殖的影响及其作用机制。方法：收集广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院肿瘤科2001年10月至2005年7月144例肝癌患者手术切除的肝癌组织和癌旁组织（距癌灶组织边缘2~5 cm）标本,Real-time PCR法分析144例肝癌组织及癌旁组织中miR-10a的表达量。在肝癌细胞（QGY-7701、Huh7、PCL/PRF/5）中转染miR-10a模拟物,Real-time PCR法检测转染后细胞miR-10a的表达水平;CCK-8法检测过表达miR-10a的肝癌细胞的增殖水平,流式细胞术检测过表达miR-10a的肝癌细胞的凋亡和细胞周期;生物信息学预测并以Western blotting检测过表达miR-10a的肝癌细胞中转录因子E2F3的表达量。结果：与癌旁组织相比,肝癌组织中的miR-10a显著低表达[（-9.89±1.68）vs（-7.84±1.97）,P=0.000]。转染miR-10a模拟物后肝癌细胞系中miR-10a的表达量是转染对照小RNA组或空白组细胞的16倍左右。过表达miR-10a可显著抑制7种肝癌细胞（QGY-7701、QGY-7703、Huh7、PCL/PRF/5、HepG2、BeL-7402、SMMC-7721）的增殖（均P〈0.05）,并引起肝癌细胞细胞周期G1/S期阻滞,但并不能诱导肝癌细胞发生凋亡。生物信息学预测显示E2F3是miR-10a可能的靶分子,Western blotting检测显示过表达miR-10a可明显抑制肝癌细胞中E2F3的表达[（0.50±0.12）vs（0.79±0.21）,P〈0.05]。结论：人肝癌组织中低表达miR-10a,转染miR-10a模拟物后多种肝癌细胞的增殖均受到明显抑制,其机制可能与miR-10a靶向作用转录因子E2F3并阻滞肝癌细胞细胞周期于G1/S期有关。

Differential Responses to UVB Irradiation in Human Keratinocytes and Epidermoid Carcinoma Cells

Abstract Objective To examine UVB-induced responses in normal human keratinocytes （HaCaT） and epidermoid carcinoma cells （A431） at the cellular and molecular level, and investigated the protective effect of salidroside. Methods Cells irradiated by UVB at various dosage and their viability was assessed by MTT assays, cell cycle was analysed by flow cytometry. The expression of NF-KB, BCL-2, and CDK6 after 50 J/㎡ UVB irradiation were detected by RT-PCR and western blotting. Results Our results confirmed greater tolerance of A341 cells to UVB-induced damage such as cell viability and cell cycle arrest, which was accompanied by differential expression changes in NF-KB, BCL-2, and CDK6. UVB exposure resulted in HaCaT cells undergoing G1-S phase arrest. When treated with salidroside, HaCaT survival was significantly enhanced following exposure to UVB, suggesting great therapeutic potential for this compound. Conclusion Taken together, our study suggests that A431 respond differently to UVB than norma HaCaT cells, and supports a role for NF-KB, CDK6, and BCL-2 in UVB-induced cell G1-S phase arrest Furthermore, salidroside can effectively protect HaCaT from UVB irradiation.

Epigenetic Enabled Normal Human Cells, Lead to <i>First Cell</i>’s Unique Division System, Driving Tumorigenesis Evolution

Normal cells must become cancer-enabling before anything else occurs, according to latest literature. The goal in this mini-review is to demonstrate special tetraploidy in the enabling process. This we have shown from genomic damage, DDR (DNA Damage Response) activity with skip of mitosis leading to diploid G2 cells at the G1 border in need of chromatin repair for continued cell cycling to the special tetraploid division system. In several studies specific methylation transferase genes were activated in normal human cells in tissue fields, containing different cell growth stages of the cancerous process. Histology studies, in addition to molecular chemistry for identification of oncogenic mutational change, were a welcome change (see below). In a study on melanoma origin, DDR also showed arrested diploid cells regaining cycling from methylation transferase activity with causation of 2n melanocytes transforming to 4n melanoblasts, giving rise to epigenetic tumorigenesis enabled First Cells. Such First Cells were from Barrett’s esophagus shown to have inherited the unique division system from 4n diplochromosomal cells, first described in mouse ascites cancer cells (below). We discovered that the large nucleus prior to chromosomal division turned 90° relative to the cytoskeleton axis, and divided genome reductive to diploid, First Cells, in a perpendicular orientation to the surrounding normal cells they had originated from. This unique division system was herein shown to occur at metastasis stage, implying activity throughout the cancerous evolution. Another study showed 4-chromatid tetraploidy in development to B-cell lymphoma, and that such cancer cells also proliferated with participation of this unusual division system. Such participation has long been known from Bloom’s inherited syndrome with repair chiasmas between the four chromatids, also an in vitro observation by us. Our cytogenetic approach also revealed that they believed mitotic division in cancer cells is wrong because such cell divisions were found to be from an adaptation between amitosis and mitosis, called amitotic-mitosis. Amitosis means division without centrosomes, which has long been known from oral cancer cells, in that MOTCs (microtubule organizing center) were lacking centrioles. This observation calls for re-introduction of karyotype and cell division studies in cancer cell proliferation. It has high probability of contributing novel approaches to cancer control from screening of drugs against the amitotic-mitotic division apparatus.

内皮素受体B基因过表达对乳腺癌ZR-75-1细胞活力和周期的影响

目的探讨过表达内皮素受体B(EDNRB)基因对人乳腺癌ZR-75-1细胞活力和细胞周期的影响。方法设计EDNRB基因特异性引物,与GV492载体连接构建含EDNRB基因全长序列的过表达载体,慢病毒包装后转染ZR-75-1细胞,构建稳定过表达EDNRB的乳腺癌细胞系。用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应和蛋白质印迹法检测EDNRB mRNA和蛋白的表达水平,用噻唑蓝法检测EDNRB过表达对细胞生长的影响,用流式细胞术检测EDNRB过表达对细胞周期的影响,用蛋白质印迹法检测EDNRB过表达对细胞周期相关蛋白表达的影响。结果未处理组、GV492转染组和GV492-EDNRB转染组的EDNRB mRNA表达水平分别为0.22±0.13、0.13±0.10和1.79±0.12,EDNRB蛋白相对表达水平分别为0.75±0.04、0.80±0.21和1.43±0.10,GV492-EDNRB转染组的上述指标与未处理组和GV492转染组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。未处理组和GV492-EDNRB转染组的细胞存活率分别为0.98±0.58和0.62±0.15,G1期细胞百分比分别为(52.10±1.25)%和(63.35±1.06)%,抑癌蛋白53(p53)蛋白相对表达水平分为0.19±0.03和0.36±0.05,p21蛋白相对表达水平分为0.42±0.04和0.78±0.17,细胞周期蛋白1(CCND1)蛋白相对表达水平分为0.34±0.11和0.79±0.27,周期蛋白依赖性激酶4(CDK4)蛋白相对表达水平分为0.83±0.14和0.36±0.01,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论本实验成功构建了EDNRB基因过表达的乳腺癌ZR-75-1细胞系;EDNRB过表达抑制了ZR-75-1细胞生长,并将细胞周期阻滞在G1期,其机制可能与p53-p21-CCND1/CDK4通路有关。

杠柳毒苷体外抑制肝癌细胞和乳腺癌细胞增殖的实验研究

目的探讨杠柳毒苷在体外对人乳腺癌MDA-MB-468细胞和人肝癌HepG2细胞增殖的影响。方法 MTT法观察杠柳毒苷对人乳腺癌MDA-MB-468细胞和人肝癌HepG2细胞增殖的抑制作用,流式细胞术观察杠柳毒苷对两种肿瘤细胞的细胞增殖周期作用。结果与对照组比较,杠柳毒苷能明显抑制两种肿瘤细胞的增殖,其抑制率与药物浓度和作用时间呈正相关。流式细胞仪检测发现,杠柳毒苷对乳腺癌MDA-MB-468细胞和肝癌HepG2细胞持续作用24 h后,可以使G0/G1期细胞增多,G2/M期细胞减少。结论杠柳毒苷具有抑制乳腺癌MDA-MB-468细胞和肝癌HepG2细胞增殖的作用,并可将乳腺癌MDA-MB-468细胞和肝癌HepG2细胞的细胞生长周期阻滞在G0/G1期。

PXR激活在拮抗SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡中的作用

人神经母细胞瘤细胞SH—SY5Y细胞可以表达神经元特异性的酪氨酸羟化酶、多巴胺-B-羟化酶以及多巴胺转运体等，因此可用于建立帕金森病的体外模型。虽然帕金森综合症发病的确切机制至今尚不清楚，但众多的病理学资料证实该病患者存在中脑黑质多巴胺能神经元的凋亡。

新型樟脑磺胺基肟醚衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

利用药物设计中的活性拼接原理,以(+)-10-樟脑磺酸为原料,经酰氯化、酰胺化和缩合反应,设计合成了一系列樟脑磺胺基肟醚类衍生物,通过1HNMR、13CNMR和HRMS对其结构进行了表征.采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法对目标化合物对人肺腺癌细胞(A549)、人宫颈癌细胞(Hela)、人乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)和人正常胚胎肝细胞(LO2)进行抗肿瘤活性评价。结果表明,大部分化合物显示出良好的抗肿瘤活性。其中,(+)-1-(7,7-二甲基-2-(苄氧基亚氨基)双环[2.2.1]庚烷-1-基)-N-(3-(三氟甲基)苯基)甲磺酰胺(4r)对三种细胞表现出最好的抗增值效果,IC50值分别为6.75、7.93和4.51μmol·L^(-1).采用流式细胞术检测细胞周期和凋亡,Hoechst染色观察细胞形态变化.荧光探针DCFH-DA和JC-1分别用于检测细胞内活性氧水平和线粒体膜电位.初步机理研究表明,化合物4r可将MCF-7细胞阻滞在G0/G1期,可诱导活性氧产生和线粒体膜电位崩溃进而诱导细胞呈剂量依赖式凋亡.

维胺酯对皮肤鳞癌细胞系SCL-1增殖的影响

目的探讨维胺酯对皮肤鳞癌细胞系SCL-1增殖的影响及可能机制。方法 MTT法检测不同浓度维胺酯(5、10、20、40、80μmol/L)作用SCL-1细胞24、72h后细胞增殖率。维胺酯10μmol/L作用SCL-1细胞24h,流式细胞术检测细胞周期分布,实时荧光定量PCR检测维A酸受体(RAR)α、RARβ、RARγ、维A酸X受体(RXR)α和他扎罗汀诱导基因1(TIG1)、细胞色素P450家族成员26A1(CYP26A1)mRNA的表达;荧光素酶报告基因检测维胺酯10μmol/L作用SCL-1细胞24h激活蛋白1(AP-1)转录活性的变化。结果 5-80μmol/L的维胺酯呈时间和浓度依赖性地抑制SCL-1细胞。维胺酯10μmol/L作用24h后,SCL-1细胞的G1期百分比上升,而S期、G2期百分比下降。维胺酯10μmol/L不诱导RARα、RARβ、RARγ、RXRα、TIG1和CYP26A1mRNA的表达,但能在24h内抑制AP-1的转录激活。结论维胺酯抑制SCL-1细胞增殖涉及G1期细胞阻滞;其作用机制不依赖于经典的维A酸受体通路,而与抑制AP-1的转录活性有关。