Intrinsic apoptotic pathway and G2/M cell cycle arrest involved in tubeimoside I-induced EC109 cell death

Objective： Squamous esophageal carcinoma is highly prevalent in developing countries, especially in China. Tu Bei Mu （TBM）, a traditional folk medicine, has been used to treat esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） for a long term. tubeimoside I （TBMS1） is the main component of TBM, exhibiting great anticancer potential. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of TBMS1 cytotoxic effect on EC109 cells. Methods： Comparative nuclear proteomic approach was applied in the current study and we identified several altered protein spots. Further biochemical studies were carried out to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential, cell cycle and corresponding proteins＇ expression and location. Results： Subcellular proteomic study in the nucleus from EC109 cells revealed that altered proteins were associated with mitochondrial function and cell proliferation. Further biochemical studies showed that TBMSl-induced molecular events were related to mitochondria-induced intrinsic apoptosis and P21-cyclin B 1/cdc2 complex-related G2/M cell cycle arrest. Conclusions： Considering the conventional application of TBM in esophageal cancer, TBMS1 therefore may have a great potential as a chemotherapeutic drug candidate for ESCC.

Ethanol extract of Kalopanax septemlobus leaf inhibits HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation via inducing cell cycle arrest at G_1 phase

Objective:To investigate the effects of an ethanol extract of Kalopanax septemlobus(Thunb.)Koidz.leaf(EEKS) on cell proliferation in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and its mechanisms of action.Methods:Cells were treated with EEKS and subsequently analyzed for cell proliferation and flow cytometry analysis.Expressions of cell cycle regulators were determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis and Western blotting,and activation of eyclin-associaled kinases studied using kinase assays.Results:The EEKS suppressed cell proliferation in both HepG2 and Hep3 B cells,but showed a more sensitive anli-proliferative activity in HepG2 cells.Flow cytometry analysis revealed an association between the growth inhibitory effect of EEKS and with G_1 phase cell cycle arrest in HepG2 cells,along with the dephosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein(pRB) and enhanced binding of pRB with the E2 F transcription factor family proteins.Treatment with EEKS also increased the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK) inhibitors,such as p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27KIP1.without any noticeable changes in G_1 cyclins and CDKs(except for a slight decrease in CDK4).Treatment of HepG2 cells with EEKS also increased the binding of p21 and p27 with CDK4 and CDK6.which was paralleled by a marked decrease in the cyclin D- and cyclin E-associated kinase activities.Conclusions:Overall,our findings suggest that EEKS may be an effective treatment for liver cancer through suppression of cancer cell proliferation via G_1,cell cycle arrest Further studies arc required to identify the active compounds in EEKS.

6-OHDA Induces Cycle Reentry and Apoptosis of PC12 Cells through Activation of ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway

This study investigated the effect and mechanism of cell cycle reentry induced by 6-hydrodopamine （6-OHDA） in PC12 cells. By using neural differentiated PC12 cells treated with 6-OHDA, the apoptosis model of dopaminergic neurons was established. Cell viability was measured by MTT. Cell apoptosis and the distribution of cell cycle were assessed by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to detect the activation of extracellular regulator kinasel/2 （ERK1/2） pathway and the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein （RB）. Our results showed that after PC12 cells were treated wtih 6-OHDA, the viability of PC12 cells was declined in a concentration-dependent manner. Flow cytornetry revealed that 6-OHDA could increase the apoptosis ratio of PC12 cells in a time-dependent manner. The percentage of ceils in G0/G1 phase of cell cycle was decreased and that in S phase and G2/M phase increased. Simultaneously, ERK1/2 pathway was activated and phosphorylated RB increased. It was concluded that 6-OHDA could induce cell cycle reentry of dopaminergic neurons through the activation of ERK1/2 pathway and RB phosphorylation. The aberrant cell cycle reentry contributes to the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons.

Anoctamin 5 regulates the cell cycle and affects prognosis in gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Anoctamin 5(ANO5)/transmembrane protein 16E belongs to the ANO/transmembrane protein 16 anion channel family.ANOs comprise a family of plasma membrane proteins that mediate ion transport and phospholipid scrambling and regulate other membrane proteins in numerous cell types.Previous studies have elucidated the roles and mechanisms of ANO5 activation in various cancer types.However,it remains unclear whether ANO5 acts as a plasma membrane chloride channel,and its expression and functions in gastric cancer(GC)have not been investigated.AIM To examine the role of ANO5 in the regulation of tumor progression and clinicopathological significance of its expression in GC.METHODS Knockdown experiments using ANO5 small interfering RNA were conducted in human GC cell lines,and changes in cell proliferation,cell cycle progression,apoptosis,and cellular movement were assessed.The gene expression profiles of GC cells were investigated following ANO5 silencing by microarray analysis.Immunohistochemical staining of ANO5 was performed on 195 primary tumor samples obtained from patients with GC who underwent curative gastrectomy between 2011 and 2013 at our department.RESULTS Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and western blotting demonstrated high ANO5 mRNA and protein expression,respectively,in NUGC4 and MKN45 cells.In these cells,ANO5 silencing inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis.In addition,the knockdown of ANO5 inhibited G1-S phase progression,invasion,and migration.The results of the microarray analysis revealed changes in the expression levels of several cyclin-associated genes,such as CDKN1A,CDK2/4/6,CCNE2,and E2F1,in ANO5-depleted NUGC4 cells.The expression of these genes was verified using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR.Immunohistochemical staining revealed that high ANO5 expression levels were associated with a poor prognosis.Multivariate analysis identified high ANO5 expression as an independent prognostic factor for 5-year survival in patients with GC(P=0.0457).CONCLUSION ANO5 regulates the cell cycle progression by regulating the expression of cyclin-associated genes and affects the prognosis of patients with GC.These results may provide insights into the role of ANO5 as a key mediator in tumor progression and/or promising prognostic biomarker for GC.

Cell Cycle Arrest Mediates Global DNA Methylation Patterns in Normal Human Keratinocytes, Epidermoid Carcinoma Cells and Murine Embryonic Fibroblasts

The 5-methylationcytosine (5-MC) DNA content of murine embryonic fibroblasts arrested in G1 by four growth conditions (Gc, Gn, Gd, and Gs) were hypermethylated relative to rapidly growing (RG) fibroblasts. Normal human keratinocytes (NHK) arrested in G1 by suspension were hypermethylated relative to RG cultures. Four RG cultures of epidermoid carcinoma cells (ECC) were hypomethylated relative to RG NHK cultures, and two cultures (SCC25 and A431) were further hypomethylated by SUS-induced arrest. Linear regression analyses established a positive linear correlation between growth rate and 5-MC content for three murine fibroblasts lines, and a negative correlation for both NHK and ECC lines.

Correlation of S100A13 and FOXA1 expression with cell cycle and cell invasion in fine needle aspiration thyroid carcinoma tissue

Objective: To study the correlation of S100A13 and FOXA1 expression with cell cycle and cell invasion in fine needle aspiration thyroid carcinoma tissue. Methods: Patients who received ultrasound-guided thyroid nodule fine needle aspiration in Haiyang People's Hospital between April 2015 and February 2017 were selected, and the tissues were divided into malignant thyroid tissue and benign thyroid nodules according to the pathological results after biopsy. The expression of S100A13, FOXA1, cell cycle molecules and cell invasion molecules were measured. Results: S100A13, FOXA1, CDK2, CyclinD1, MCM2, MCM7, SKP2, CLOCK, STAT3, STAT5, N-cadherin, MT1-MMP and ADAM17 mRNA expression in thyroid carcinoma tissue were significantly higher than those in benign thyroid nodule;CDK2, CyclinD1, MCM2, MCM7, SKP2 and CLOCK mRNA expression in thyroid carcinoma tissue with high FOXA1 expression were significantly higher than those in thyroid carcinoma tissue with low FOXA1 expression;STAT3, STAT5, N-cadherin, MT1-MMP and ADAM17 mRNA expression in thyroid carcinoma tissue with high S100A13 expression were significantly higher than those in thyroid cancer tissue with low S100A13 expression. Conclusions: High expression of S100A13 and FOXA1 in thyroid carcinoma can promote cell invasion and cell cycle progression.

GSTO1抑制TGFβ诱导的大鼠心脏成纤维细胞增殖和活化

目的:研究谷胱甘肽S-转移酶ω1(GSTO1)在转化生长因子β(TGFβ)诱导心脏成纤维细胞增殖与活化中的作用。方法:分离乳大鼠心脏成纤维细胞并进行体外培养。采用含绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的重组腺病毒质粒构建对照(Ad-GFP)或GSTO1过表达(Ad-GSTO1)质粒并转染心脏成纤维细胞,再用大鼠TGFβ(rTGFβ)刺激细胞24 h,实验分为4组:Ad-GFP+PBS、Ad-GFP+rTGFβ、Ad-GSTO1+PBS和Ad-GSTO1+rTGFβ。运用qPCR和免疫荧光染色确定转染的有效性;Western blot检测GSTO1蛋白表达;划痕实验和EdU掺入实验评估细胞迁移和增殖;CCK-8实验评估细胞活力;Western blot和细胞免疫荧光染色检测心脏成纤维细胞活化标志物α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、I型胶原(Col I)和纤连蛋白(FN)的表达水平,并检测心脏成纤维细胞内P38 MAPK和Smad3信号通路相关蛋白水平。结果:与Ad-GFP+rTGFβ组相比,GSTO1过表达抑制TGFβ诱导的心脏成纤维细胞增殖(P<0.05),降低TGFβ刺激后α-SMA、Col I和FN的表达水平(P<0.05),抑制P38 MAPK/Smad3信号通路激活(P<0.05)。结论:GSTO1过表达通过抑制P38 MAPK/Smad3信号通路而阻遏TGFβ诱导的大鼠心脏成纤维细胞增殖和活化。

Regulation of Survivin and CDK4 by Epstein-Barr virus encoded latent mem-brane protein 1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines

Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), an important protein encoded by Epstein Barr virus (EBV), has been implied to link with the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Its dual effects of increasing cell proliferation and inhibiting cell apoptosis have been confirmed. In this study, we showed that the expression of Survivin and CDK4 protein in CNE-LMP1, a LMP1 positive NPC epithelial cell line, is higher than in LMP1 negative NPC epithelial cell line- CNE1, and the expression is LMP1 dosage-dependent. Although it was reported that Survivin specifically expressed in cell cycle G2/M phase, our studies suggested that LMP1 could promote the expression of Survivin in G0/G1, S and G2/ M phase. It also showed that Survivin and CDK4 could be accumulated more in the nuclei triggered by LMP1. More interestingly, Survivin and CDK4 could form a protein complex in the nuclei of CNE-LMP1 rather than in that of CNE1, which demonstrated that the interaction between these two proteins could be promoted by LMP1. These results strongly suggested that the role of LMP1 in the regulation of Survivin and CDK4 may also shed some light on the mechanism research of LMP1 in NPC.

IGHG1对人急性髓系白血病THP-1细胞增殖、凋亡的影响

目的:探讨免疫球蛋白G1重链恒定区(IGHG1)对急性髓系白血病(AML)细胞系THP-1细胞增殖、凋亡的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法:体外培养人AML THP-1细胞,分为对照(正常培养的THP-1细胞)、pcDNA3.1[转染IGHG1过表达(pcDNA3.1-IGHG1)阴性对照质粒的THP-1细胞]、pcDNA3.1-IGHG1(转染pcDNA3.1-IGHG1的THP-1细胞)、LY364947[转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)/信号转导蛋白(Smad)抑制剂LY36494720μmol/L处理THP-1细胞)]、si-NC[转染IGHG1小干扰RNA(IGHG1-siRNA)阴性对照的THP-1细胞]、si-IGHG1(转染IGHG1-siRNA的THP-1细胞)和si-IGHG1+LY364947(IGHG1-siRNA和LY364947共同处理THP-1细胞)共7组。荧光定量PCR法检测各组THP-1细胞中IGHG1和免疫球蛋白G(IgG)mRNA的表达;CCK-8法检测各组THP-1细胞增殖活力;流式细胞术检测各组THP-1细胞凋亡率和细胞周期变化;蛋白印迹法检测各组THP-1细胞增殖、凋亡及TGF-β/Smad信号通路相关蛋白的表达。结果:与对照组相比,过表达IGHG1后THP-1细胞中IGHG1和IgG mRNA表达、细胞增殖活力、S期的细胞比例、细胞周期蛋白D1(Cyclin D1)、B细胞淋巴瘤-2(Bcl-2)、IgG、TGF-β1、磷酸化Smad3(p-Smad3)/Smad3蛋白表达均显著升高(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率、G_(0)/G_(1)期的细胞比例、p21、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)蛋白表达均显著降低(P<0.05)。抑制TGF-β/Smad信号通路或沉默IGHG1后THP-1细胞中IGHG1和IgG mRNA表达、细胞增殖活力、S期的细胞比例、Cyclin D1、Bcl-2、IgG、TGF-β1、p-Smad3/Smad3蛋白表达均显著降低(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率、G_(0)/G_(1)期的细胞比例、p21、Bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达均显著升高(P<0.05);且与沉默IGHG1相比,IGHG1基因沉默和TGF-β/Smad通路抑制共同处理的THP-1细胞中IGHG1和IgG mRNA表达、细胞增殖活力、S期的细胞比例、Cyclin D1、Bcl-2、IgG、TGF-β1、p-Smad3/Smad3蛋白表达均显著降低(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率、G_(0)/G_(1)期的细胞比例、p21、Bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达均显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:沉默IGHG1基因可下调IgG的表达,抑制人AML THP-1细胞增殖,阻滞细胞周期进程,并诱导细胞凋亡;其作用机制可能与抑制TGF-β/Smad通路的激活有关。

大肠癌细胞周期G_1/S期检查点调控的研究进展

大肠癌细胞周期G_1/S期检查点具有重要作用,是目前肿瘤研究的热点之一。全文就大肠癌细胞周期的研究进展作一综述。

蛋白激酶Cα对人正常肝和肝癌细胞周期及G_1期相关调控因子cyclinD1、cyclinE的影响

目的 探讨蛋白激酶Cα(PKCα)对人正常肝和肝癌细胞周期的作用和对G1 期相关调控因子的影响。 方法 通过细胞转染技术将PKCαcDNA正向插入的真核表达质粒PXJ4 1 PKCα导入正常肝细胞 (L 0 2 ) ,并利用本室已构建的表达反义PKCα的BEL 74 0 2细胞 (HT6 )检测细胞的生长曲线 ,细胞周期以及细胞对G1 期相关调控因子cylinD1和cyclinE的影响。 结果 构建了稳定过表达PKCα的人正常肝细胞模型 (LT3) ,过表达PKCα可促进L 0 2细胞增殖 ,促进细胞由G1 期向S期的过渡 ;cyclinD1和cyclinE的蛋白水平上升 ,反之表达反义PKCα的BEL 74 0 2细胞 (HT6 )增殖被抑制 ,阻抑细胞由G1 期向S期的过渡 ,cyclinD1和cyclinE的蛋白水平下降。 结论 从正反两个方面表明 ,PKCα可通过作用于G1 期相关周期蛋白的水平影响G1 S期的进程。

TGF⁃β1对炎症状态下人牙周膜成纤维细胞的调控作用

目的探讨转化生长因子⁃β1(transforming growth factor⁃β1,TGF⁃β1)对在牙龈卟啉单胞菌来源脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis,Pg⁃LPS)刺激模拟炎症状态下的人牙周膜成纤维细胞(human periodontal ligament fibroblasts,hPDLFs)的调控作用。方法获取hPDLFs并进行免疫组化鉴定,通过qRT⁃PCR与CCK⁃8确定Pg⁃LPS的刺激浓度。将hPDLFs分成4组:空白对照组,单纯100μg/mL Pg⁃LPS;低浓度组,1 ng/mL TGF⁃β1+100μg/mL Pg⁃LPS;中浓度组,10 ng/mL TGF⁃β1+100μg/mL Pg⁃LPS;高浓度组100 ng/mL TGF⁃β1+100μg/mL Pg⁃LPS。CCK⁃8检测细胞增殖情况;划痕实验与Transwell小室实验检测hPDLFs细胞迁移能力;流式细胞术检测hPDLFs的细胞周期;qRT⁃PCR检测hPDLFs的转录因子叉头盒p3(forkhead/winged helix transcription⁃al factor p3,Foxp3)、白细胞介素6(interleukin⁃6,IL⁃6)及EB病毒诱导基因3(Epstein⁃Barrvirus⁃induced gene 3,EBI3)mRNA表达;Western blot检测hPDLFs的Foxp3、IL⁃6及EBI3蛋白表达。结果免疫组化鉴定显示抗波形丝蛋白阳性及抗角蛋白阴性;Pg⁃LPS浓度为100μg/mL时,hPDLFs中IL⁃6 mRNA表达相比空白对照组显著上升(P<0.0001)且细胞增殖能力下降(P<0.0001),所以选择100μg/mL Pg⁃LPS用于模拟炎症状态。10、100 ng/mL TGF⁃β1能提高炎症状态下hPDLFs的增殖能力(P<0.0001);1、10、100 ng/mL TGF⁃β1能促进炎症状态下hPDLFs的迁移能力(P<0.0001);1、10、100 ng/mL TGF⁃β1可加快炎症状态下hPDLFs的细胞周期(P<0.0001);1、10、100 ng/mL TGF⁃β1可抑制炎症状态下hPDLFs的IL⁃6基因和蛋白表达量(P<0.0001),1、10 ng/mL TGF⁃β1可提高炎症状态下hPDLFs的EBI3基因及蛋白表达量(P<0.0001),1、10 ng/mL TGF⁃β1可提高炎症状态下hPDLFs的Foxp3基因表达量,10 ng/mL TGF⁃β1可提高Foxp3蛋白表达量(P<0.05)。结论TGF⁃β1可促进炎症状态下hPDLFs的增殖及迁移能力、上调EBI3表达,可能与转录因子Foxp3表达有关。

宫颈癌组织中miR-183与GSPT1的表达及临床意义

目的探讨宫颈癌组织中微小RNA(miR)-183与细胞周期G1到S期的转换1(GSPT1)的表达及与预后的关系。方法收集2014年1月至2016年12月接受根治性手术的91例宫颈癌患者。采用实时荧光定量PCR检测91例宫颈癌和癌旁组织中miR-183和GSPT1的表达。分析宫颈癌组织中miR-183与GSPT1表达的相关性,并采用生物信息学方法预测两者之间的结合位点。进一步分析miR-183和GSPT1表达与宫颈癌临床病理特征及预后的关系。结果宫颈癌组织中miR-183的表达(0.521±0.065)低于癌旁组织(1.241±0.286),差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。宫颈癌组织中GSPT1的表达(2.034±0.374)高于癌旁组织(0.708±0.157),差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。宫颈癌组织中miR-183与GSPT1的表达呈负相关(r=-0.621,P=0.001)。生物信息学预测结果显示,GSPT1 mRNA第981至987碱基存在与miR-183相互作用的位点。宫颈癌组织中miR-183和GSPT1表达与FIGO分期、分化程度、肌层浸润和淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05),与年龄和病理类型无关(P>0.05)。全组1、3、5年无病生存率分别为86.8%、73.6%和61.5%。miR-183高表达组1、3、5年无病生存率分别为91.1%、86.6%和80.0%,优于miR-183低表达组的82.6%、60.9%和43.5%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.012)。GSPT1高表达组1、3、5年无病生存率分别为86.0%、60.4%和39.5%,低于GSPT1低表达组的87.5%、85.4%和81.2%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.007)。结论宫颈癌组织中miR-183表达降低,GSPT1表达升高,两者共同促进宫颈癌进展,有望成为宫颈癌预后评估的标志物。

下调垂体瘤转化基因1对胶质瘤细胞SHG44血管生成拟态及细胞周期的影响

目的研究下调垂体瘤转化基因1(PTTG1)对胶质瘤细胞SHG44血管生成拟态及细胞周期的影响,探索PTTG1影响人恶性胶质瘤细胞SHG44细胞周期的可能机制。方法用PTTG1 siRNA干扰胶质瘤细胞SHG44基因表达,通过定量聚合酶链式反应和蛋白质印迹分析在mRNA和蛋白质水平上评估PTTG1表达下降对AKT、p-AKT、C-myc、CyclinD1表达的影响,并进一步探究PTTG1对SHG44血管生成拟态及细胞周期的影响。结果 PTTG1 siRNA可以显著抑制PTTG1基因和蛋白的表达。降低PTTG1表达导致细胞不能形成网格状结构,即血管生成拟态形成能力受到抑制。抑制PTTG1的表达导致S期和G2期细胞百分比显著降低,即细胞增殖受到明显抑制。抑制PTTG1表达导致C-myc和CyclinD1 mRNA水平明显降低;p-AKT、C-myc和CyclinD1蛋白表达水平明显降低;说明PTTG1通过AKT/C-myc/CyclinD1信号通路影响SHG44细胞周期。结论下调PTTG1可以抑制胶质瘤的发生发展进程,为其治疗提供新思路。

Mec1-Dependent Phosphorylation of the Scc3 Subunit of Cohesin during Mitosis in Budding Yeast

Cohesin is an evolutionary conserved complex that controls chromosome segregation during mitosis. Here we show that, in response to DNA damage, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Scc3, one of the major regulatory subunits of the Smc1-Smc3-Scc1 cohesin ring, is phosphorylated on S/T-Q residues. This event depended on the Mec1 checkpoint kinase as well as on cell cycle arrest triggered by the DNA damage checkpoint network. This phosphorylation event also took place during mitosis of an unperturbed cell cycle. The present finding that S. cerevisiae Scc3 is phosphorylated during mitosis represents a potentially important new regulatory step in cohesin’s mitotic functions.

Epigenetic Enabled Normal Human Cells, Lead to <i>First Cell</i>’s Unique Division System, Driving Tumorigenesis Evolution

Normal cells must become cancer-enabling before anything else occurs, according to latest literature. The goal in this mini-review is to demonstrate special tetraploidy in the enabling process. This we have shown from genomic damage, DDR (DNA Damage Response) activity with skip of mitosis leading to diploid G2 cells at the G1 border in need of chromatin repair for continued cell cycling to the special tetraploid division system. In several studies specific methylation transferase genes were activated in normal human cells in tissue fields, containing different cell growth stages of the cancerous process. Histology studies, in addition to molecular chemistry for identification of oncogenic mutational change, were a welcome change (see below). In a study on melanoma origin, DDR also showed arrested diploid cells regaining cycling from methylation transferase activity with causation of 2n melanocytes transforming to 4n melanoblasts, giving rise to epigenetic tumorigenesis enabled First Cells. Such First Cells were from Barrett’s esophagus shown to have inherited the unique division system from 4n diplochromosomal cells, first described in mouse ascites cancer cells (below). We discovered that the large nucleus prior to chromosomal division turned 90° relative to the cytoskeleton axis, and divided genome reductive to diploid, First Cells, in a perpendicular orientation to the surrounding normal cells they had originated from. This unique division system was herein shown to occur at metastasis stage, implying activity throughout the cancerous evolution. Another study showed 4-chromatid tetraploidy in development to B-cell lymphoma, and that such cancer cells also proliferated with participation of this unusual division system. Such participation has long been known from Bloom’s inherited syndrome with repair chiasmas between the four chromatids, also an in vitro observation by us. Our cytogenetic approach also revealed that they believed mitotic division in cancer cells is wrong because such cell divisions were found to be from an adaptation between amitosis and mitosis, called amitotic-mitosis. Amitosis means division without centrosomes, which has long been known from oral cancer cells, in that MOTCs (microtubule organizing center) were lacking centrioles. This observation calls for re-introduction of karyotype and cell division studies in cancer cell proliferation. It has high probability of contributing novel approaches to cancer control from screening of drugs against the amitotic-mitotic division apparatus.

IGFBP-3对子宫内膜癌Ishikawa细胞增殖、凋亡及化疗敏感性的实验研究

目的:探讨外源性胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)对Ishikawa细胞增殖、凋亡的影响及在抗肿瘤中其能否与顺铂起协同作用,并初步探讨IGFBP-3对垂体肿瘤转化基因1(PTTG1)表达的影响。方法:采用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测IGFBP-3、顺铂对Ishikawa细胞的抑制率,计算半数抑制浓度;用流式细胞仪检测两药单用及合用对Ishikawa细胞周期、凋亡的影响;RT-PCR法检测药物干预后PTTG1表达量的变化。结果:(1)IGFBP-3对Ishikawa细胞增殖有明显抑制作用(IC50=1.00±0.12),且与顺铂有协同作用(CI<1);(2)IGFBP-3干预后Ishikawa细胞凋亡是对照的4.5倍(P<0.05);(3)顺铂、IGFBP-3均能下调PTTG1基因的表达,且以顺铂的下调作用明显。结论:在子宫内膜癌的Ishikawa细胞,观察到IGFBP-3具抗增殖、促凋亡的作用;IGFBP-3可能作为一种抗肿瘤剂用于临床。

TGF-β1对大鼠肝细胞系BRL-3A凋亡和细胞周期的影响

目的:研究转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)对大鼠肝细胞系BRL-3A凋亡和细胞周期的影响.方法:MTT法检测TGF-β1对细胞增殖的影响:将BRL-3A细胞分为6组,分别给予不同浓度的TGF-β1(0、2、4、6、8、10μg/L),检测各组细胞24、36、48h时的增殖活性;进一步将BRL-3A细胞分为TGF-β1处理组和对照组,分别给予和不予TGF-β1(8μg/L),进行如下检测:流式细胞仪检测两组细胞24、36、48h时的凋亡情况和细胞周期分布;实时定量RT-PCR检测两组细胞24、36、48h时CyclinE、Cdk-2、EGF、HGF、Bcl-2、c-Myc、MMP9、NF-κB基因的表达变化.结果:MTT结果显示,各浓度TGF-β1组在24、36、48h时的细胞增殖活性差异无统计学意义;流式细胞仪分析结果显示,TGF-β1处理组24、36、48h时的细胞凋亡率和细胞周期分布与对照组间的差异均无统计学意义;实时定量RT-PCR发现,TGF-β1处理组相对于对照组,CyclinEmRNA、Cdk2mRNA、EGFmRNA在24h时分别下调至0.194±0.103、0.181±0.064、0.634±0.116倍,36h时分别下调至0.379±0.173、0.457±0.123、0.619±0.112倍,48h时分别上调至1.956±0.215、2.17±0.471、7.66±0.437倍;HGFmRNA在24、36、48h时均明显下调,分别至0.152±0.068、0.146±0.053、0.158±0.061倍;Bcl-2mRNA在24、36h时无统计学差异,48h时上调至1.567±0.115倍;c-MycmRNA、MMP9mRNA、NF-κBmRNA在3个时刻均上调,24h时分别至1.742±0.389、3.484±0.411、1.625±0.369倍,36h时分别至2.292±0.361、1.563±0.323、1.486±0.494倍,48h时分别至2.499±0.475、2.233±0.493、3.612±0.364倍.以上基因表达差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:大鼠肝细胞系BRL-3A对TGF-β1促凋亡和细胞周期阻滞作用的敏感性低下,可能与非Smads途径的激活,NF-κB、Bcl-2、c-Myc、MMP9表达的上调有关.

Cucurbitacin B-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest of conjunctival melanoma cells mediated by GRP78-FOXM1-KIF20A pathway

Conjunctival melanoma(CM) is a rare and fatal malignant eye tumor. In this study, we deciphered a novel anti-CM mechanism of a natural tetracyclic compound named as cucurbitacin B(CuB). We found that CuB remarkably inhibited the proliferation of CM cells including CM-AS16,CRMM1, CRMM2 and CM2005.1, without toxicity to normal cells. CuB can also induce CM cells G2/M cell cycle arrest. RNA-seq screening identified KIF20A, a key downstream effector of FOXM1 pathway, was abolished by CuB treatment. Further target identification by activity-based protein profiling chemoproteomic approach revealed that GRP78 is a potential target of CuB. Several lines of evidence demonstrated that CuB interacted with GRP78 and bound with a Kdvalue of0.11 μmol/L. Furthermore, ATPase activity evaluation showed that CuB suppressed GRP78 both in human recombinant GRP78 protein and cellular lysates. Knockdown of the GRP78 gene significantly induced the downregulation of FOXM1 and related pathway proteins including KIF20A, underlying an interesting therapeutic perspective. Finally, CuB significantly inhibited tumor progression in NCG mice without causing obvious side effects in vivo. Taken together, our current work proved that GRP78-FOXM1-KIF20A as a promising pathway for CM therapy, and the traditional medicine CuB as a candidate drug to hinder this pathway.

术前口服S-1联合区域动脉灌注化疗对不可切除局部进展期胃癌组织中恶性分子表达的影响

目的：研究术前口服替吉奥（S-1）联合区域动脉灌注化疗对不可切除局部进展期胃癌组织中恶性分子表达的影响。方法：选择2012年5月~2015年8月在我院接受新辅助化疗后手术切除治疗的局部进展期胃癌患者144例,随机分为术前接受术前口服S-1联合区域动脉灌注化疗的实验组和接受术前全身静脉化疗的对照组,化疗后测定血清肿瘤标志物含量,手术切除后测定肿瘤组织中抑癌基因、细胞周期相关分子的表达量。结果：新辅助化疗后,实验组血清中胃泌素17（G-17）、胞苷激酶-1（TK-1）、癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖链抗原19-9（CA19-9）、CA12-5、CA72-4、肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CKMB）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）和天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）含量显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;手术切除后,实验组肿瘤组织中p16、p27、PTEN、TXNIP的mRNA含量显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,CyclinB2、CyclinD1、CyclinE、CDK1、CDK2的mRNA含量显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：术前口服S-1联合区域动脉灌注化疗能够更为有效地杀伤胃癌细胞,降低肿瘤负荷、抑制细胞周期、促进细胞凋亡。