Pivotal informal organizations, above all the G20, the G7 and. the BRICS, have accumulated growing power in recent years. At a basic level, informal organizations differ from the formal institutions such as the UN and...Pivotal informal organizations, above all the G20, the G7 and. the BRICS, have accumulated growing power in recent years. At a basic level, informal organizations differ from the formal institutions such as the UN and the 1MF in a number of key ways： membership structure; foundational or legitimizational character and level of bureaucracy. What are the implications of this phenomenon for global governance？ What does this shift from a hub club to a focal point network imply for innovation in modes of cooperation？ The author has participated in numerous such summits, in his capacity as Prime Minister of ltaly and President of the European Commission, and shares his first-hand thoughts.展开更多
The Toronto summit underlines the importance of the G20 as a new trendsetter for the world economy Leaders of the Group of 20(G20) major economies held their
The Group of 20(known as G20)was founded in Germany in 1999with an aim at handling international financial crisis,in particular preventing a regional crisis from spreading and becoming a bigger one.It is unfortunate t...The Group of 20(known as G20)was founded in Germany in 1999with an aim at handling international financial crisis,in particular preventing a regional crisis from spreading and becoming a bigger one.It is unfortunate that this meeting mechanism(forum)designed for tackling future impact has to play its role.The US and Europe both witnessed an unprecedented financial crisis with展开更多
Since 2008, G20 leaders have repeatedly committed themselves not to resort to protectionism and to conclude WTO negotiations expeditiously. The jury is out on the extent to which they have lived up to the first promi...Since 2008, G20 leaders have repeatedly committed themselves not to resort to protectionism and to conclude WTO negotiations expeditiously. The jury is out on the extent to which they have lived up to the first promise,＂ they have failed to deliver the second. Anemic global trade growth rates since 2010 imply that trade has not been a driver of much-needed economic dynamism. This paper argues that the G20 should pursue a more ambitious trade agenda and that there is much that greater leadership by the G20 could do to reinvigorate the trading system. A first step would be to commit to concrete actions that can be implemented by individual governments on a concerted basis and that center on reducing trade costs and improving access to services for firms. The Chinese presidency should also seek to have the G20 commit to more effective monitoring and analysis of trade policy broadly defined （including subsidies and investment incentives） and the impact of the many preferential trade agreements involving China, the EU and the USA, the world＇s largest trading powers.展开更多
Brazil, Russia, lndia, China and South Africa （BRICS） have come together economically as a group since 2009. Their cooperation has been driven not only by economic and political factors, but also the failure of the ...Brazil, Russia, lndia, China and South Africa （BRICS） have come together economically as a group since 2009. Their cooperation has been driven not only by economic and political factors, but also the failure of the existing global economic governance framework to satisfy the real needs of these countries. In this paper, we analyze how the BRICS moved from a financial category into a political group, and are progressively developing from a dialogue-based platform into a full-fledged mechanism of long-term coordination on a wide range of key issues relating to the world economy and politics. We also analyze how the BRICS have coordinated their positions in the G20, pushing for deep reform in global governance. Then, given the major hindrances to cooperation among the BRICS, including the challenge of economic transition, weak geopolitical links, complicated internal and external relations and inadequate governance capabilities, the present paper speculates on how the BRICS can use the opportunity arising from China taking the G20 presidency in 2016 to improve the cohesiveness and influence of the BRICS in terms of their agenda, organization and deliverables.展开更多
The principal challenge facing the world economy is the risk of recurrentfinancial crises. Global macroeconomic imbalances create the conditions for boom-and-bust cycles that are extremely costly for the countries tha...The principal challenge facing the world economy is the risk of recurrentfinancial crises. Global macroeconomic imbalances create the conditions for boom-and-bust cycles that are extremely costly for the countries that experience them, and that can affect other nations and the entire world economy as well. The G20 recognizes the importance of these trends, and has committed itself to cooperative measures to reduce imbalances. However, progress has been limited and halting. There are major political obstacles to global macroeconomic policy cooperation, both within countries and among countries. China＇s attempts to rebalance its economy are crucial to broader international financial stability. Its G2O presidency gives China the opportunity to demonstrate that it is willing and able to advance its cooperation with economic partners, and to help lead the rest of the world in this direction.展开更多
自从20世纪90年代，第一个基于全球移动通信系统（GSM：Global System For Mobile Communications）技术的第二代（2G）数字蜂窝网络出现以来，无线通信市场飞速增长，相应的无线通信技术不断推陈出新，无线通信系统处于一个高速发展完...自从20世纪90年代，第一个基于全球移动通信系统（GSM：Global System For Mobile Communications）技术的第二代（2G）数字蜂窝网络出现以来，无线通信市场飞速增长，相应的无线通信技术不断推陈出新，无线通信系统处于一个高速发展完善时期。目前GSM已经成为全球主要的2G无线接入标准，截至2004年2月，全球已有207个国家和地区配置了GSM网络，而GSM客户数已经超过10亿户，占世界移动电话客户总数的72％，展开更多
The 2016 G20 Summit will be held in the Chinese city of Hangzhou under the theme of 'Building an innovative,invigorated,interconnected and inclusive world economy'and with the goals of transforming growth patt...The 2016 G20 Summit will be held in the Chinese city of Hangzhou under the theme of 'Building an innovative,invigorated,interconnected and inclusive world economy'and with the goals of transforming growth patterns in innovative ways,improving global economic and financial governance,promoting global trade and investment and nurturing inclusive and interconnected development.展开更多
Due to the lack of public order in the international financial arena, asset bubbles and resource misallocations persisted over a long period of time and resulted in global financial crisis in 2008. Global financial ru...Due to the lack of public order in the international financial arena, asset bubbles and resource misallocations persisted over a long period of time and resulted in global financial crisis in 2008. Global financial rules, which can take on a role like that of WTO in the international trade, are urgently needed for global economic recovery. They will balance the pressure of economic restructuring between large and small countries, and push forward some countries' domestic reforms which may hardly be implemented due to domestic politics.展开更多
After introducing the development of China’s global view, this paper analyzes China’s evolving relationship with some key international organizations and treaties, especially with the G-7/8, and the G-20, puts forwa...After introducing the development of China’s global view, this paper analyzes China’s evolving relationship with some key international organizations and treaties, especially with the G-7/8, and the G-20, puts forward some suggestions for the G-20, and drawsthe following conclusions: Firstly, from China’s perspective, the existing supra-national organizations should be allowed to continue to perform their traditional role in global governance. Secondly, the voice of NGOs should be heard and their opinions should be respected. Thirdly, itishard to envisagethepossibility of establishing a new organization of global governance that is more representative and legitimate. Fourthly, the G7/8 doesnot have to obtain the legitimacy or authority of a global supra-national organization, nor should itstriveto. Fifthly, theG-20 can augment and enhancetheG-7 bymaking ithear the voiceof developing countries.展开更多
文摘Pivotal informal organizations, above all the G20, the G7 and. the BRICS, have accumulated growing power in recent years. At a basic level, informal organizations differ from the formal institutions such as the UN and the 1MF in a number of key ways： membership structure; foundational or legitimizational character and level of bureaucracy. What are the implications of this phenomenon for global governance？ What does this shift from a hub club to a focal point network imply for innovation in modes of cooperation？ The author has participated in numerous such summits, in his capacity as Prime Minister of ltaly and President of the European Commission, and shares his first-hand thoughts.
文摘The Toronto summit underlines the importance of the G20 as a new trendsetter for the world economy Leaders of the Group of 20(G20) major economies held their
文摘The Group of 20(known as G20)was founded in Germany in 1999with an aim at handling international financial crisis,in particular preventing a regional crisis from spreading and becoming a bigger one.It is unfortunate that this meeting mechanism(forum)designed for tackling future impact has to play its role.The US and Europe both witnessed an unprecedented financial crisis with
文摘Since 2008, G20 leaders have repeatedly committed themselves not to resort to protectionism and to conclude WTO negotiations expeditiously. The jury is out on the extent to which they have lived up to the first promise,＂ they have failed to deliver the second. Anemic global trade growth rates since 2010 imply that trade has not been a driver of much-needed economic dynamism. This paper argues that the G20 should pursue a more ambitious trade agenda and that there is much that greater leadership by the G20 could do to reinvigorate the trading system. A first step would be to commit to concrete actions that can be implemented by individual governments on a concerted basis and that center on reducing trade costs and improving access to services for firms. The Chinese presidency should also seek to have the G20 commit to more effective monitoring and analysis of trade policy broadly defined （including subsidies and investment incentives） and the impact of the many preferential trade agreements involving China, the EU and the USA, the world＇s largest trading powers.
文摘Brazil, Russia, lndia, China and South Africa （BRICS） have come together economically as a group since 2009. Their cooperation has been driven not only by economic and political factors, but also the failure of the existing global economic governance framework to satisfy the real needs of these countries. In this paper, we analyze how the BRICS moved from a financial category into a political group, and are progressively developing from a dialogue-based platform into a full-fledged mechanism of long-term coordination on a wide range of key issues relating to the world economy and politics. We also analyze how the BRICS have coordinated their positions in the G20, pushing for deep reform in global governance. Then, given the major hindrances to cooperation among the BRICS, including the challenge of economic transition, weak geopolitical links, complicated internal and external relations and inadequate governance capabilities, the present paper speculates on how the BRICS can use the opportunity arising from China taking the G20 presidency in 2016 to improve the cohesiveness and influence of the BRICS in terms of their agenda, organization and deliverables.
文摘The principal challenge facing the world economy is the risk of recurrentfinancial crises. Global macroeconomic imbalances create the conditions for boom-and-bust cycles that are extremely costly for the countries that experience them, and that can affect other nations and the entire world economy as well. The G20 recognizes the importance of these trends, and has committed itself to cooperative measures to reduce imbalances. However, progress has been limited and halting. There are major political obstacles to global macroeconomic policy cooperation, both within countries and among countries. China＇s attempts to rebalance its economy are crucial to broader international financial stability. Its G2O presidency gives China the opportunity to demonstrate that it is willing and able to advance its cooperation with economic partners, and to help lead the rest of the world in this direction.
文摘自从20世纪90年代，第一个基于全球移动通信系统（GSM：Global System For Mobile Communications）技术的第二代（2G）数字蜂窝网络出现以来，无线通信市场飞速增长，相应的无线通信技术不断推陈出新，无线通信系统处于一个高速发展完善时期。目前GSM已经成为全球主要的2G无线接入标准，截至2004年2月，全球已有207个国家和地区配置了GSM网络，而GSM客户数已经超过10亿户，占世界移动电话客户总数的72％，
文摘The 2016 G20 Summit will be held in the Chinese city of Hangzhou under the theme of 'Building an innovative,invigorated,interconnected and inclusive world economy'and with the goals of transforming growth patterns in innovative ways,improving global economic and financial governance,promoting global trade and investment and nurturing inclusive and interconnected development.
文摘Due to the lack of public order in the international financial arena, asset bubbles and resource misallocations persisted over a long period of time and resulted in global financial crisis in 2008. Global financial rules, which can take on a role like that of WTO in the international trade, are urgently needed for global economic recovery. They will balance the pressure of economic restructuring between large and small countries, and push forward some countries' domestic reforms which may hardly be implemented due to domestic politics.
文摘After introducing the development of China’s global view, this paper analyzes China’s evolving relationship with some key international organizations and treaties, especially with the G-7/8, and the G-20, puts forward some suggestions for the G-20, and drawsthe following conclusions: Firstly, from China’s perspective, the existing supra-national organizations should be allowed to continue to perform their traditional role in global governance. Secondly, the voice of NGOs should be heard and their opinions should be respected. Thirdly, itishard to envisagethepossibility of establishing a new organization of global governance that is more representative and legitimate. Fourthly, the G7/8 doesnot have to obtain the legitimacy or authority of a global supra-national organization, nor should itstriveto. Fifthly, theG-20 can augment and enhancetheG-7 bymaking ithear the voiceof developing countries.
