We present a neuro-heuristic computing platform for finding the solution for initial value problems （IVPs） of non- linear pantograph systems based on functional differential equations （P-FDEs） of different orders....We present a neuro-heuristic computing platform for finding the solution for initial value problems （IVPs） of non- linear pantograph systems based on functional differential equations （P-FDEs） of different orders. In this scheme, the strengths of feed-forward artificial neural networks （ANNs）, the evolutionary computing technique mainly based on genetic algorithms （GAs）, and the interior-point technique （IPT） are exploited. Two types of mathematical models of the systems are constructed with the help of ANNs by defining an unsupervised error with and without exactly satisfying the initial conditions. The design parameters of ANN models are optimized with a hybrid approach GA-IPT, where GA is used as a tool for effective global search, and IPT is incorporated for rapid local convergence. The proposed scheme is tested on three different types oflVPs of P-FDE with orders 1-3 The correctness of the scheme is established by comparison with the existing exact solutions. The accuracy and convergence ofthc proposed scheme are further validated through a large number of numerical experiments by taking different numbers of neurons in ANN models.展开更多
文摘We present a neuro-heuristic computing platform for finding the solution for initial value problems （IVPs） of non- linear pantograph systems based on functional differential equations （P-FDEs） of different orders. In this scheme, the strengths of feed-forward artificial neural networks （ANNs）, the evolutionary computing technique mainly based on genetic algorithms （GAs）, and the interior-point technique （IPT） are exploited. Two types of mathematical models of the systems are constructed with the help of ANNs by defining an unsupervised error with and without exactly satisfying the initial conditions. The design parameters of ANN models are optimized with a hybrid approach GA-IPT, where GA is used as a tool for effective global search, and IPT is incorporated for rapid local convergence. The proposed scheme is tested on three different types oflVPs of P-FDE with orders 1-3 The correctness of the scheme is established by comparison with the existing exact solutions. The accuracy and convergence ofthc proposed scheme are further validated through a large number of numerical experiments by taking different numbers of neurons in ANN models.
