P omegranate(Punica granatum L.)has attracted considerable attention in world markets due to its valuable nutrients and highly appreciated sensory properties.The aroma profiles of 4 varieties of pomegranate juice,incl...P omegranate(Punica granatum L.)has attracted considerable attention in world markets due to its valuable nutrients and highly appreciated sensory properties.The aroma profiles of 4 varieties of pomegranate juice,including Dahongtian(DP),Jingpitian(JP),Luyudan(LP),and Tianhonngdan(TP),were investigated via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and gas chromatography-olfactometry(GC-O)analyses.A total of 43 volatile compounds were identified by using GC-MS.Among these compounds,16 were considered as potential aroma-active compounds as detected by GC-O.These compounds belonged to the classes of terpinenes,alcohols,and aldehydes.Eleven volatile compounds were defined as the main contributors to the overall aroma of pomegranate juice due to their high odor activity values(OAVs≥1).Aroma recombination and omission tests confirmed thatβ-myrcene,1-hexanol,and(Z)-3-hexen-1-ol were the key aroma compounds,and limonene,1-octen-3-ol,linalool,and hexanal were important aroma-active compounds in DP samples.展开更多
油料作物由于含油量高、基质复杂,导致其弱极性多环芳烃类化合物提取率低,成为准确检测高油样品中多环芳烃的瓶颈。本文对比了16种多环芳烃的GC-MS/MS检测条件SIM(Single Ion Monitoring)模式和SRM(Selective Reaction Monitoring)模式...油料作物由于含油量高、基质复杂,导致其弱极性多环芳烃类化合物提取率低,成为准确检测高油样品中多环芳烃的瓶颈。本文对比了16种多环芳烃的GC-MS/MS检测条件SIM(Single Ion Monitoring)模式和SRM(Selective Reaction Monitoring)模式质谱信号响应,SRM模式干扰峰更少,检出限更低;对比了QuEChERS和超声辅助提取方法对大豆、油菜籽、花生三种油料中16种多环芳烃的提取效果,超声辅助提取的基质效应很高,部分多环芳烃基质减弱80%以上,且油菜籽的提取稳定性差,部分相对标准偏差达到32%~45%。并比较了乙腈和丙酮作为QuCEhERS方法提取溶剂的提取效果。结果表明,QuCEhERS方法中乙腈作为提取溶剂,在极性最弱的多环芳烃回收率低,如苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽等,回收率甚至小于10%。而丙酮作为QuCEhERS方法提取溶剂,而在极性弱的多环芳烃中,回收率提高了3~5倍,适合提取高油样品中多环芳烃。三种油料基质匹配标准曲线的相关系数均在0.99以上。16种多环芳烃均能获得较好的回收率(58%~100%),相对标准偏差为0.4%~10.6%,方法稳定性好。展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is entering a potentially new era of combined therapeutics.Triantafillidis et al provide an insightful review of the current state of combination therapy,with a focus on the use of a com...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is entering a potentially new era of combined therapeutics.Triantafillidis et al provide an insightful review of the current state of combination therapy,with a focus on the use of a combined biologic and immunomodulator,as well as emerging data on the future potential of dual-biologic therapy(DBT).While current evidence for DBT is limited,encouraging safety profiles and ongoing trials suggest a brighter future for this approach.The importance of controlled trials should be stressed in establishing new treatment paradigms.Ongoing prospective randomized trials of DBT and perhaps future combinations of biologics and small molecule therapies will hopefully guide the next generation of IBD care.展开更多
The treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),especially those with severe or refractory disease,represents an important challenge for the clinical gastroenterologist.It seems to be no exaggeration to...The treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),especially those with severe or refractory disease,represents an important challenge for the clinical gastroenterologist.It seems to be no exaggeration to say that in these patients,not only the scientific background of the gastroenterologist is tested,but also the abundance of“gifts”that he should possess(insight,intuition,determ-ination,ability to take initiative,etc.)for the successful outcome of the treatment.In daily clinical practice,depending on the severity of the attack,IBD is treated with one or a combination of two or more pharmaceutical agents.These combin-ations include not only the first-line drugs(e.g.,mesalazine,corticosteroids,antibiotics,etc)but also second-and third-line drugs(immunosuppressants and biologic agents).It is a fact that despite the significant therapeutic advances there is still a significant percentage of patients who do not satisfactorily respond to the treatment applied.Therefore,a part of these patients are going to surgery.In recent years,several small-size clinical studies,reviews,and case reports have been published combining not only biological agents with other drugs(e.g.,immunosuppressants or corticosteroids)but also the combination of two biologi-cal agents simultaneously,especially in severe cases.In our opinion,it is at least a strange(and largely unexplained)fact that we often use combinations of drugs in a given patient although studies comparing the simultaneous administration of two or more drugs with monotherapy are very few.As mentioned above,there is a timid tendency in the literature to combine two biological agents in severe cases unresponsive to the applied treatment or patients with severe extraintestinal manifestations.The appropriate dosage,the duration of the administration,the suitable timing for checking the clinical and laboratory outcome,as well as the treatment side-effects,should be the subject of intense clinical research shortly.In this editorial,we attempt to summarize the existing data regarding the already applied combination therapies and to humbly formulate thoughts and suggestions for the future application of the combination treatment of biological agents in a well-defined category of patients.We suggest that the application of biomarkers and artificial intelligence could help in establishing new forms of treatment using the available modern drugs in patients with IBD resistant to treatment.展开更多
基金funded by Shaanxi Natural Science Foundation (2019JQ-665)Xi’an Agricultural Science and Technology Project (20NYYF0021)supported by the Open Project Program of Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China (SPFW2020YB12)
文摘P omegranate(Punica granatum L.)has attracted considerable attention in world markets due to its valuable nutrients and highly appreciated sensory properties.The aroma profiles of 4 varieties of pomegranate juice,including Dahongtian(DP),Jingpitian(JP),Luyudan(LP),and Tianhonngdan(TP),were investigated via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and gas chromatography-olfactometry(GC-O)analyses.A total of 43 volatile compounds were identified by using GC-MS.Among these compounds,16 were considered as potential aroma-active compounds as detected by GC-O.These compounds belonged to the classes of terpinenes,alcohols,and aldehydes.Eleven volatile compounds were defined as the main contributors to the overall aroma of pomegranate juice due to their high odor activity values(OAVs≥1).Aroma recombination and omission tests confirmed thatβ-myrcene,1-hexanol,and(Z)-3-hexen-1-ol were the key aroma compounds,and limonene,1-octen-3-ol,linalool,and hexanal were important aroma-active compounds in DP samples.
文摘油料作物由于含油量高、基质复杂,导致其弱极性多环芳烃类化合物提取率低,成为准确检测高油样品中多环芳烃的瓶颈。本文对比了16种多环芳烃的GC-MS/MS检测条件SIM(Single Ion Monitoring)模式和SRM(Selective Reaction Monitoring)模式质谱信号响应,SRM模式干扰峰更少,检出限更低;对比了QuEChERS和超声辅助提取方法对大豆、油菜籽、花生三种油料中16种多环芳烃的提取效果,超声辅助提取的基质效应很高,部分多环芳烃基质减弱80%以上,且油菜籽的提取稳定性差,部分相对标准偏差达到32%~45%。并比较了乙腈和丙酮作为QuCEhERS方法提取溶剂的提取效果。结果表明,QuCEhERS方法中乙腈作为提取溶剂,在极性最弱的多环芳烃回收率低,如苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽等,回收率甚至小于10%。而丙酮作为QuCEhERS方法提取溶剂,而在极性弱的多环芳烃中,回收率提高了3~5倍,适合提取高油样品中多环芳烃。三种油料基质匹配标准曲线的相关系数均在0.99以上。16种多环芳烃均能获得较好的回收率(58%~100%),相对标准偏差为0.4%~10.6%,方法稳定性好。
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is entering a potentially new era of combined therapeutics.Triantafillidis et al provide an insightful review of the current state of combination therapy,with a focus on the use of a combined biologic and immunomodulator,as well as emerging data on the future potential of dual-biologic therapy(DBT).While current evidence for DBT is limited,encouraging safety profiles and ongoing trials suggest a brighter future for this approach.The importance of controlled trials should be stressed in establishing new treatment paradigms.Ongoing prospective randomized trials of DBT and perhaps future combinations of biologics and small molecule therapies will hopefully guide the next generation of IBD care.
文摘The treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),especially those with severe or refractory disease,represents an important challenge for the clinical gastroenterologist.It seems to be no exaggeration to say that in these patients,not only the scientific background of the gastroenterologist is tested,but also the abundance of“gifts”that he should possess(insight,intuition,determ-ination,ability to take initiative,etc.)for the successful outcome of the treatment.In daily clinical practice,depending on the severity of the attack,IBD is treated with one or a combination of two or more pharmaceutical agents.These combin-ations include not only the first-line drugs(e.g.,mesalazine,corticosteroids,antibiotics,etc)but also second-and third-line drugs(immunosuppressants and biologic agents).It is a fact that despite the significant therapeutic advances there is still a significant percentage of patients who do not satisfactorily respond to the treatment applied.Therefore,a part of these patients are going to surgery.In recent years,several small-size clinical studies,reviews,and case reports have been published combining not only biological agents with other drugs(e.g.,immunosuppressants or corticosteroids)but also the combination of two biologi-cal agents simultaneously,especially in severe cases.In our opinion,it is at least a strange(and largely unexplained)fact that we often use combinations of drugs in a given patient although studies comparing the simultaneous administration of two or more drugs with monotherapy are very few.As mentioned above,there is a timid tendency in the literature to combine two biological agents in severe cases unresponsive to the applied treatment or patients with severe extraintestinal manifestations.The appropriate dosage,the duration of the administration,the suitable timing for checking the clinical and laboratory outcome,as well as the treatment side-effects,should be the subject of intense clinical research shortly.In this editorial,we attempt to summarize the existing data regarding the already applied combination therapies and to humbly formulate thoughts and suggestions for the future application of the combination treatment of biological agents in a well-defined category of patients.We suggest that the application of biomarkers and artificial intelligence could help in establishing new forms of treatment using the available modern drugs in patients with IBD resistant to treatment.
