In order to evaluate the effects of mesh generation techniques and grid convergence on pump performance in centrifugal pump model, three widely used mesh styles including structured hexahedral, unstructured tetrahedra...In order to evaluate the effects of mesh generation techniques and grid convergence on pump performance in centrifugal pump model, three widely used mesh styles including structured hexahedral, unstructured tetrahedral and hybrid prismatic/tetrahedral meshes were generated for a centrifugal pump model. And quantitative grid convergence was assessed based on a grid convergence index(GCI), which accounts for the degree of grid refinement. The structured, unstructured or hybrid meshes are found to have certain difference for velocity distributions in impeller with the change of grid cell number. And the simulation results have errors to different degrees compared with experimental data. The GCI-value for structured meshes calculated is lower than that for the unstructured and hybrid meshes. Meanwhile, the structured meshes are observed to get more vortexes in impeller passage.Nevertheless, the hybrid meshes are found to have larger low-velocity area at outlet and more secondary vortexes at a specified location than structured meshes and unstructured meshes.展开更多
In past few decades,climate has manifested numerous shifts in its trend.Various natural and anthropogenic factors have influenced the dynamics and the trends of climate change at longer time scale.To understand the lo...In past few decades,climate has manifested numerous shifts in its trend.Various natural and anthropogenic factors have influenced the dynamics and the trends of climate change at longer time scale.To understand the long term climate fluctuations,we have analyzed forty years(1978-2018)data of ten climatic parameters that are responsible to influence the climate dynamics.The parameters involved in the present study are total solar irradiance(TSI),ultra violet(UV)index,cloud cover,carbon dioxide(CO2)abundances,multivariate(ENSO)index,volcanic explosivity index(VEI),global surface temperature(GST)anomaly,global sea ice extent,global mean sea level and global precipitation anomaly.Using the above mentioned climate entities;we have constructed a proxy index to study the quantitative measure of the climate change.In this process these indicators were aggregated to a single proxy index as global climate index(GCI)that has measured the strength of present climate change in semblance with the past natural variability.To construct GCI,the principal component analysis(PCA)has been used on yearly based data for the period 1978-2018.Actually PCA is a statistical tool with which we can reduce the dimensionality of the data and it retains most of the variation in the new data set.Further,we have confined our study to natural climate drivers and anthropogenic climate drivers.Our result has indicated that the strongest climate change has been occurred globally by the end of the year 2018 in comparison to late 1970’s natural variability.展开更多
基金Projects(51109095,51179075,51309119)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(BE2012131)supported by Science and Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province,China
文摘In order to evaluate the effects of mesh generation techniques and grid convergence on pump performance in centrifugal pump model, three widely used mesh styles including structured hexahedral, unstructured tetrahedral and hybrid prismatic/tetrahedral meshes were generated for a centrifugal pump model. And quantitative grid convergence was assessed based on a grid convergence index(GCI), which accounts for the degree of grid refinement. The structured, unstructured or hybrid meshes are found to have certain difference for velocity distributions in impeller with the change of grid cell number. And the simulation results have errors to different degrees compared with experimental data. The GCI-value for structured meshes calculated is lower than that for the unstructured and hybrid meshes. Meanwhile, the structured meshes are observed to get more vortexes in impeller passage.Nevertheless, the hybrid meshes are found to have larger low-velocity area at outlet and more secondary vortexes at a specified location than structured meshes and unstructured meshes.
基金AB is thankful to University Grants Commission(UGC),India for proving partial financial support(National Fellowship).
文摘In past few decades,climate has manifested numerous shifts in its trend.Various natural and anthropogenic factors have influenced the dynamics and the trends of climate change at longer time scale.To understand the long term climate fluctuations,we have analyzed forty years(1978-2018)data of ten climatic parameters that are responsible to influence the climate dynamics.The parameters involved in the present study are total solar irradiance(TSI),ultra violet(UV)index,cloud cover,carbon dioxide(CO2)abundances,multivariate(ENSO)index,volcanic explosivity index(VEI),global surface temperature(GST)anomaly,global sea ice extent,global mean sea level and global precipitation anomaly.Using the above mentioned climate entities;we have constructed a proxy index to study the quantitative measure of the climate change.In this process these indicators were aggregated to a single proxy index as global climate index(GCI)that has measured the strength of present climate change in semblance with the past natural variability.To construct GCI,the principal component analysis(PCA)has been used on yearly based data for the period 1978-2018.Actually PCA is a statistical tool with which we can reduce the dimensionality of the data and it retains most of the variation in the new data set.Further,we have confined our study to natural climate drivers and anthropogenic climate drivers.Our result has indicated that the strongest climate change has been occurred globally by the end of the year 2018 in comparison to late 1970’s natural variability.
