Analysis of strength characteristics of loess before and after freezing using a hollow cylinder torsional shear apparatus

This paper aims to comprehensively analyze the influence of the principal stress angle rotation and intermediate principal stress on loess's strength and deformation characteristics. A hollow cylinder torsional shear apparatus was utilized to conduct tests on remolded samples under both normal and frozen conditions to investigate the mechanical properties and deformation behavior of loess under complex stress conditions. The results indicate significant differences in the internal changes of soil particles, unfrozen water, and relative positions in soil samples under normal and frozen conditions, leading to noticeable variations in strength and strain development.In frozen state, loess experiences primarily compressive failure with a slow growth of cracks, while at normal temperature, it predominantly exhibits shear failure. With the increase in the principal stress angle, the deformation patterns of the soil samples under different conditions become essentially consistent, gradually transitioning from compression to extension, accompanied by a reduction in axial strength. The gradual increase in the principal stress axis angle(α) reduces the strength of the generalized shear stress and shear strain curves.Under an increasing α, frozen soil exhibits strain-hardening characteristics, with the maximum shear strength occurring at α = 45°. The intermediate principal stress coefficient(b) also significantly impacts the strength of frozen soil, with an increasing b resulting in a gradual decrease in generalized shear stress strength. This study provides a reference for comprehensively exploring the mechanical properties of soil under traffic load and a reliable theoretical basis for the design and maintenance of roadbeds.

Effect of Initial Stress Conditions on the Threshold Shear Strain of Nanjing's Saturated Fine Sand

By using GDS dynamic hollow cylinder torsional apparatus, a series of cyclic torsional triaxial tests under complex initial consolidation condition are performed on Nanjing saturated fine sand. The effects of the initial principal stress direction αo, the initial ratio of deviatoric stress η0, the initial average effective principal stress Po and the initial intermediate principal stress parameter b0 on the threshold shear strain γt of Nanjing saturated fine sand are then systematically investigated. The results show that γt increases as η0,p0 and b0 increase respectively, while the other three parameters remain constant. ao has a great influence on γt, which is reduced when ao increases from 0° to 45°and increased when α0 increases from 45° to 90°. The effect of α0 on γt, plays a leading role and the effect of η0 will weaken when ao is approximately 45°.

基于GCTS空心圆柱扭剪仪的四向振动模拟SV波斜入射动力分析

利用GCTS空心圆柱扭剪仪,采用四向振动模拟SV波斜入射,模拟地震荷载引起的复杂应力状态下土体的动力特性.通过理论计算给出了单位周期内主应力方向角的变化曲线,进而比较不同频率、不同入射角等不同应力路径下动变形的响应,分析该仪器以及加载方式在实现复杂应力状态下土体的动力特性的可行性.

GDS空心圆柱扭剪试验系统阻尼的测定

通过GDS空心圆柱扭剪试验系统的动态三轴试验得到水试样的动应力和动应变时程曲线,采用传统的等效线性模型计算其阻尼比λ_1。通过互相关函数法计算得到系统的阻尼比λ_2,最后将λ_1和λ_2进行比较。研究结果表明:阻尼比随动应力幅值的增大而增大,并呈一定的线性关系即λ=kσ_d,且k的取值范围为4×10^(-5)~7×10^(-5)。

循环荷载下重塑黄土变形特性

为研究主应力方向和大小耦合变化对土体应力-应变状态及非共轴性的影响,采用空心圆柱扭剪仪对饱和重塑黄土开展一系列循环扭剪试验,分析了应力-应变状态和非共轴角的变化规律及影响因素。试验结果表明:轴向应变始终处于压缩状态,环向应变先负向累积再正向累积,径向应变基本处于受拉状态,剪切应变的受拉与受压状态交替出现,轴向、环向和剪切应变曲线的波动特性明显,而径向应变曲线的波动特性弱,说明循环荷载作用下各应变分量表现出不同的发展规律;轴向和径向应变及环向和剪切应变变化幅值随中主应力系数的增大先增大后减小,说明中主应力系数影响各应变分量的累积;随着主应力方向角旋转范围的增大,轴向和径向应变逐渐减小,环向应变由负向往正向变化的趋势提前,剪切应变变化幅值逐渐减小,说明主应力方向角旋转范围影响各应变分量的发展趋势;剪切和正偏应力-应变曲线滞回现象明显,且刚度发生循环强化,但剪切刚度的循环强化比正偏刚度更明显,说明土体出现次生各向异性,这是引起非共轴现象的内在因素;非共轴角变化曲线随中主应力系数的增大先下移后上移,随循环次数的增大而逐渐上移,随偏应力幅值的增大其变化范围增大。可见,循环荷载下中主应力系数、循环次数和偏应力幅值可显著影响饱和重塑黄土的应力-应变状态及非共轴性,在黄土工程设计和本构关系研究中应加以考虑。