磷化铟(InP)材料具有禁带宽度大、电子迁移率高、耐高温、抗辐照等优点,是制备航天器电子器件的优良材料.近地轨道内的质子和α粒子对近地卫星威胁巨大,其在InP电子器件中产生的位移损失效应是导致InP电子器件电学性能下降的主要因素....磷化铟(InP)材料具有禁带宽度大、电子迁移率高、耐高温、抗辐照等优点,是制备航天器电子器件的优良材料.近地轨道内的质子和α粒子对近地卫星威胁巨大,其在InP电子器件中产生的位移损失效应是导致InP电子器件电学性能下降的主要因素.本文使用蒙特卡罗软件Geant4研究近地轨道的质子与α粒子分别经过150μm二氧化硅和2.54 mm铝层屏蔽后,在500/1000/5000μm InP材料中产生的非电离能量损失(non-ionizing energy loss,NIEL)、平均非电离损伤能随深度分布以及年总非电离损伤能.研究发现:低能质子射程短且较易发生非电离反应,入射粒子能谱中低能粒子占比越大,材料厚度越小,NIEL值越大;计算质子和α粒子年总非电离损伤能,质子的年总非电离损伤能占比达98%,表明质子是近地轨道内产生位移损伤的主要因素;α粒子年总非电离损伤能占比小,但其在InP中的NIEL约为质子的2-10倍,应关注α粒子在InP中产生的单粒子位移损伤效应.本文计算为InP材料在空间辐射环境的应用提供了参考依据.展开更多
The energetic bremsstrahlung photons up to 100 MeV produced in heavy ion collisions can be used as a sensitive probe for short-range correlation in atomic nuclei. The energy of the γ-rays can be measured by collectin...The energetic bremsstrahlung photons up to 100 MeV produced in heavy ion collisions can be used as a sensitive probe for short-range correlation in atomic nuclei. The energy of the γ-rays can be measured by collecting the Čerenkov light in the medium induced by the fast electrons generated in the Compton scattering or electromagnetic shower of the incident γray. Two types of detectors based on pure water and lead glass as sensitive materials were designed for this purpose. The γresponse and optical photon propagation in the detectors were simulated based on electromagnetic and optical processes in Geant4. The inherent energy resolutions of 0.022(4) + 0.51(2)∕E^(1/2)_(γ) for water and 0.0026(3) + 0.446(3)∕E^(1/2)_(γ) for lead glass were obtained. The geometry sizes of the lead glass and water were optimized to 30 cm × 30 cm × 30 cm and 60 cm × 60 cm ×120 cm, respectively, to detect high-energy γ-rays at 160 MeV. The Hough transform method was applied to reconstruct the direction of the incident γ-rays, providing the ability to experimentally distinguish the high-energy γ-rays produced in the reactions on the target from random background cosmic-ray muons.展开更多
在核工业的一些工作场所中往往同时存在β射线和γ射线,准确测量β粒子和γ粒子能谱对于相关工作人员的辐射防护十分重要。本文利用Geant4模拟了β粒子和γ粒子在叠层闪烁体探测器中的能量沉积,研究了材料和结构对叠层闪烁体探测器甄别...在核工业的一些工作场所中往往同时存在β射线和γ射线,准确测量β粒子和γ粒子能谱对于相关工作人员的辐射防护十分重要。本文利用Geant4模拟了β粒子和γ粒子在叠层闪烁体探测器中的能量沉积,研究了材料和结构对叠层闪烁体探测器甄别性能的影响。模拟结果显示,对于双层结构的闪烁体探测器,第1层和第2层选用不同材料的闪烁体对β粒子的甄别影响不大,主要影响对γ粒子的甄别。γ粒子的误甄别率和识别率分别随第1层和第2层材料原子序数的增加而增加。3层结构闪烁体探测器对于γ粒子的误甄别率明显低于双层结构,并且γ粒子的误甄别率随第1层闪烁体厚度的增加而增加。经过对模拟结果分析,采用0.2 mm BC-444+17.8 mm BC-444+25 mm BaF_(2)的3层闪烁体结构甄别性能较好,对β粒子和γ粒子的平均识别率和误甄别率分别为96.7%、41.1%和<0.001%、0.16%。展开更多
文摘磷化铟(InP)材料具有禁带宽度大、电子迁移率高、耐高温、抗辐照等优点,是制备航天器电子器件的优良材料.近地轨道内的质子和α粒子对近地卫星威胁巨大,其在InP电子器件中产生的位移损失效应是导致InP电子器件电学性能下降的主要因素.本文使用蒙特卡罗软件Geant4研究近地轨道的质子与α粒子分别经过150μm二氧化硅和2.54 mm铝层屏蔽后,在500/1000/5000μm InP材料中产生的非电离能量损失(non-ionizing energy loss,NIEL)、平均非电离损伤能随深度分布以及年总非电离损伤能.研究发现:低能质子射程短且较易发生非电离反应,入射粒子能谱中低能粒子占比越大,材料厚度越小,NIEL值越大;计算质子和α粒子年总非电离损伤能,质子的年总非电离损伤能占比达98%,表明质子是近地轨道内产生位移损伤的主要因素;α粒子年总非电离损伤能占比小,但其在InP中的NIEL约为质子的2-10倍,应关注α粒子在InP中产生的单粒子位移损伤效应.本文计算为InP材料在空间辐射环境的应用提供了参考依据.
基金This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2020YFE0202001)by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11961141004 and 12205160)Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program.
文摘The energetic bremsstrahlung photons up to 100 MeV produced in heavy ion collisions can be used as a sensitive probe for short-range correlation in atomic nuclei. The energy of the γ-rays can be measured by collecting the Čerenkov light in the medium induced by the fast electrons generated in the Compton scattering or electromagnetic shower of the incident γray. Two types of detectors based on pure water and lead glass as sensitive materials were designed for this purpose. The γresponse and optical photon propagation in the detectors were simulated based on electromagnetic and optical processes in Geant4. The inherent energy resolutions of 0.022(4) + 0.51(2)∕E^(1/2)_(γ) for water and 0.0026(3) + 0.446(3)∕E^(1/2)_(γ) for lead glass were obtained. The geometry sizes of the lead glass and water were optimized to 30 cm × 30 cm × 30 cm and 60 cm × 60 cm ×120 cm, respectively, to detect high-energy γ-rays at 160 MeV. The Hough transform method was applied to reconstruct the direction of the incident γ-rays, providing the ability to experimentally distinguish the high-energy γ-rays produced in the reactions on the target from random background cosmic-ray muons.
文摘在核工业的一些工作场所中往往同时存在β射线和γ射线,准确测量β粒子和γ粒子能谱对于相关工作人员的辐射防护十分重要。本文利用Geant4模拟了β粒子和γ粒子在叠层闪烁体探测器中的能量沉积,研究了材料和结构对叠层闪烁体探测器甄别性能的影响。模拟结果显示,对于双层结构的闪烁体探测器,第1层和第2层选用不同材料的闪烁体对β粒子的甄别影响不大,主要影响对γ粒子的甄别。γ粒子的误甄别率和识别率分别随第1层和第2层材料原子序数的增加而增加。3层结构闪烁体探测器对于γ粒子的误甄别率明显低于双层结构,并且γ粒子的误甄别率随第1层闪烁体厚度的增加而增加。经过对模拟结果分析,采用0.2 mm BC-444+17.8 mm BC-444+25 mm BaF_(2)的3层闪烁体结构甄别性能较好,对β粒子和γ粒子的平均识别率和误甄别率分别为96.7%、41.1%和<0.001%、0.16%。
