Carbon-based perovskite solar cells show great potential owing to their low-cost production and superior stability in ambient air.However,scaling up to high-efficiency carbon-based solar modules hinges on reliable dep...Carbon-based perovskite solar cells show great potential owing to their low-cost production and superior stability in ambient air.However,scaling up to high-efficiency carbon-based solar modules hinges on reliable deposition of uniform defect-free perovskite films over large areas,which is an unsettled but urgent issue.In this work,a long-chain gemini surfactant is introduced into perovskite precursor ink to enforce self-assembly into a network structure,considerably enhancing the coverage and smoothness of the perovskite films.The long gemini surfactant plays a distinctively synergistic role in perovskite film construction,crystallization kinetics modulation and defect passivation,leading to a certified record power conversion efficiency of 15.46%with Voc of 1.13 V and Jsc of 22.92 mA cm^(-2)for this type of modules.Importantly,all of the functional layers of the module are printed through a simple and high-speed(300 cm min^(-1))blade coating strategy in ambient atmosphere.These results mark a significant step toward the commercialization of all-printable carbon-based perovskite solar modules.展开更多
Cationic Gemini surfactants, alkanediyl-α ,ω- bis(dimethyl dodecylammonium bromide) have been synthesized by the following method: firstly dodecyl bromide was prepared by the reaction of dodecanol with bromic acid i...Cationic Gemini surfactants, alkanediyl-α ,ω- bis(dimethyl dodecylammonium bromide) have been synthesized by the following method: firstly dodecyl bromide was prepared by the reaction of dodecanol with bromic acid in the presence of strong sulfuric acid. Dodecylbromide was then reacted with N,N- tetramethyl ethane diamine(or N,N- tetramethyl hexana diamine) to prepare the title- compounds. Micellization of these Gemini surfactants was investigated using conductivity measurement. The results showed that the critical micelle concentration(cmc) of the Gemini surfactants has a much lower value compared with that of the corresponding " monomer" . For a series of the Geminis with the same length(s) in the spacer chain, the cmc decreased with increasing the carbon number (m) in the alkyl chain. The aggregation number(N) of the micelle also drastically decreased with m. For the same value of m, the cmc varied slightly with s, which indicated that the electrostatic interaction between the ionic- groups of the " monomer" has been naturally changed duo to a link between the two ionic- groups of the " monomer" through a spacer. However, N was strongly decreased with s,which may be a reason of steric inhibition coming from the ionic- groups due to a link of spacer. With increasing temperature, micellization of the Gemini surfactants was slightly enhanced.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2001217,22261160370 and 21972006)Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Innovation Foundation(2021A0505110003)+1 种基金Shenzhen Basic Research(JCYJ20220818101018038 and JCYJ20200109110628172)Guangdong Province Regional Joint Innovation Foundation(2020B1515120039)。
文摘Carbon-based perovskite solar cells show great potential owing to their low-cost production and superior stability in ambient air.However,scaling up to high-efficiency carbon-based solar modules hinges on reliable deposition of uniform defect-free perovskite films over large areas,which is an unsettled but urgent issue.In this work,a long-chain gemini surfactant is introduced into perovskite precursor ink to enforce self-assembly into a network structure,considerably enhancing the coverage and smoothness of the perovskite films.The long gemini surfactant plays a distinctively synergistic role in perovskite film construction,crystallization kinetics modulation and defect passivation,leading to a certified record power conversion efficiency of 15.46%with Voc of 1.13 V and Jsc of 22.92 mA cm^(-2)for this type of modules.Importantly,all of the functional layers of the module are printed through a simple and high-speed(300 cm min^(-1))blade coating strategy in ambient atmosphere.These results mark a significant step toward the commercialization of all-printable carbon-based perovskite solar modules.
文摘Cationic Gemini surfactants, alkanediyl-α ,ω- bis(dimethyl dodecylammonium bromide) have been synthesized by the following method: firstly dodecyl bromide was prepared by the reaction of dodecanol with bromic acid in the presence of strong sulfuric acid. Dodecylbromide was then reacted with N,N- tetramethyl ethane diamine(or N,N- tetramethyl hexana diamine) to prepare the title- compounds. Micellization of these Gemini surfactants was investigated using conductivity measurement. The results showed that the critical micelle concentration(cmc) of the Gemini surfactants has a much lower value compared with that of the corresponding " monomer" . For a series of the Geminis with the same length(s) in the spacer chain, the cmc decreased with increasing the carbon number (m) in the alkyl chain. The aggregation number(N) of the micelle also drastically decreased with m. For the same value of m, the cmc varied slightly with s, which indicated that the electrostatic interaction between the ionic- groups of the " monomer" has been naturally changed duo to a link between the two ionic- groups of the " monomer" through a spacer. However, N was strongly decreased with s,which may be a reason of steric inhibition coming from the ionic- groups due to a link of spacer. With increasing temperature, micellization of the Gemini surfactants was slightly enhanced.
