Study on characteristics of acoustic signals generated by different DC discharge modes

Acoustic signals contain rich discharge information.In this study,the acoustic signal characteristics of transient glow,spark,and glow discharges generated through DC pin–pin discharge were investigated.The signals were analyzed in the time,frequency,and time–frequency domains,and the correlation between the electric and the acoustic signal was studied statistically.The results show that glow discharge does not produce measurable sound signals.For the other modes,with a decrease in the discharge gap,the amplitude of the acoustic signal increases sharply with mode transformation,the short-time average energy becomes higher,and the frequency components are more abundant.Meanwhile,the current pulse and sound pressure pulse have a one-to-one relationship in the transient glow and spark regimes,and they are positively correlated in amplitude.A brief theoretical analysis of the mechanism of plasma sound and the trends of signals in different modes is presented.Essentially,the change in the discharge energy is closely related to the sound generation of the plasma.

Products of Odd Numbers or Prime Number Can Generate the Three Members’ Families of Fermat Last Theorem and the Theorem Is Valid for Summation of Squares of More Than Two Natural Numbers

Fermat’s last theorem, had the statement that there are no natural numbers A, B, and C such that An + Bn = Cn, in which n is a natural number greater than 2. We have shown that any product of two odd numbers can generate Fermat or Pythagoras triple (A, B, C) following n = 2 and also it is applicable A2 + B2 + C2 + D2 + so on =An2 where all are natural numbers.

LF λ-subgroup Generated by LF Subset

In this paper .an important property layer-preserving of LF group and an concept LF λ-subgroup generated by LF subset will be introduced. On the height of LF group theory ,we recognize the concept generated subgroup more clearly.

基于语料库近义词辨析:以动词cause和generate为例

近义词辨析一直是英语学习的重点和难点。以近义词cause和generate为例,通过检索它们在本族语料库BROWN和中国学习者英语语料库CLEC中的使用情况,从标准频率、类连接、词义、搭配的角度来分析它们的区别及实际用法,进而分析中国英语学习者误用的原因,并以此说明语料库检索工具对于近义词辨析具有重要的辅助作用,同时对于英语教学和英语习得也具有重要的意义。

Identifying Materials of Photographic Images and Photorealistic Computer Generated Graphics Based on Deep CNNs

Currently,some photorealistic computer graphics are very similar to photographic images.Photorealistic computer generated graphics can be forged as photographic images,causing serious security problems.The aim of this work is to use a deep neural network to detect photographic images(PI)versus computer generated graphics(CG).In existing approaches,image feature classification is computationally intensive and fails to achieve realtime analysis.This paper presents an effective approach to automatically identify PI and CG based on deep convolutional neural networks(DCNNs).Compared with some existing methods,the proposed method achieves real-time forensic tasks by deepening the network structure.Experimental results show that this approach can effectively identify PI and CG with average detection accuracy of 98%.

Phase control in an open A-type system with spontaneously generated coherence

This paper investigates the control role of the relative phase between the probe and driving fields on the gain, dispersion and populations in an open A system with spontaneously generated coherence （SGC）. It shows that by adjusting the value of the relative phase, a change from lasing with inversion to lasing without inversion can be realized; the values and frequency spectrum regions of the inversionless gain and dispersion can be obviously varied; high refractive index with zero absorption and electromagnetically induced transparency can be achieved. It is also found that when the driving field is resonant, the shapes of the dispersion and the gain curves versus the probe detuning are very similar if the relative phase of the dispersion lags π/2 than that of the gain, however for the off-resonant driving field the similarity will disappear; the gain, dispersion and populations are periodical functions of the relative phase, the modulation period is always 2π; the contribution of SGC to the inversionless gain and dispersion is much larger than that of the dynamically induced coherence.

Effect of spontaneously generated coherence on inversionless lasing gain in an atomic system with Doppler broadening

We have studied the effect of the spontaneously generated coherence （SGC） on gain of lasing without inversion （LWI） in a closed three-level A-type atomic system with Doppler broadening. It is shown that, regardless of the driving and probe fields being co- or counter-propagating, at a suitable value of the Doppler width, we can obtain a much larger LWI gain with SGC than that without SGC; and the region of the LWI gain spectrum with SGC is obviously larger than that without SGC. When the Doppler width takes a constant value, the gain does not monotonically decrease or increase with increasing strength of SGC, the largest LWI gain can be obtained by adjusting strength of SGC. Generally speaking, the co-propagating probe and driving fields is favourable to obtain a larger LWI gain.

Turbulent combustion modeling using a flamelet generated manifold approach——a validation study in Open FOAM

An OpenFOAM based turbulence combustion solver with flamelet generated manifolds (FGMs) is presented in this paper. A series of flamelets, representative for turbulent flames, are calculated first by a one-dimensional (1D) detailed chemistry solver with the consideration of both transport and stretch/curvature contributions. The flame structure is then parameterized as a function of multiple reaction control variables. A manifold, which collects the 1D flame properties, is built from the 1D flame solutions. The control variables of the mixture fraction and the progress variable are solved from the corresponding transport equations. During the calculation, the scalar variables, e.g., temperature and species concentration, are retrieved from the manifolds by interpolation. A transport equation for NO is solved to improve its prediction accuracy. To verify the ability to deal with the enthalpy loss effect, the temperature retrieved directly from the manifolds is compared with the temperature solved from a transport equation of absolute enthalpy. The resulting FGM-computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled code has three significant features, i.e., accurate NO prediction, the ability to treat the heat loss effect and the adoption at the turbulence level, and high quality prediction within practical industrial configurations. The proposed method is validated against the Sandia flame D, and good agreement with the experimental data is obtained.

Preliminary Study on Underwater Ambient Noise Generated by Typhoons

We present a typhoon-generated noise model with which the noise intensity during typhoons can be estimated accurately. The model is verified through experimental study, and the simulation results agree reasonably with the experimental data. The measured noise intensity is approximately proportional to the cube of the local wind speed.

A NEW APPROACH TO TRANSMISSION SYSTEM PROTECTION WITH FRULT GENERATED NOISE

The use of non-power frequency components for protection measurements in an area that has received relatively little attention. Although work on the use of switched stack tuners has been reported for fault detection, the sensitivity of switched arrangements is limited by scnsitivity of directional detectors for switching purposes. This paper presents an alternative non-switching scheme which is relatively simple.A simplified typical 400kV system with the line trap, stack tuner, coupling capacitor and bus capacitance to earth is considered. Fault studies by using the EMTP have been carried out, frequency-dependent pararnctcrs are used for the line representation. Arcing faults have also bccn investigated and the results show a great promise of the scheme.

Dynamic Response of Floating Body Subjected to Underwater Explosion Bubble and Generated Waves with 2D Numerical Model

The low frequency load of an underwater explosion bubble and the generated waves can cause significant rigid motion of a ship that threaten its stability.In order to study the fluid-structure interaction qualitatively,a two-dimensional underwater explosion bubble dynamics model,based on the potential flow theory,is established with a double-vortex model for the doubly connected bubble dynamics simulation,and the bubble shows similar dynamics to that in 3-dimensional domain.A fully nonlinear fluid-structure interaction model is established considering the rigid motion of the floating body using the mode-decomposition method.Convergence test of the model is implemented by simulating the free rolling motion of a floating body in still water.Through the simulation of the interaction of the underwater explosion bubble,the generated waves and the floating body based on the presented model,the influences of the buoyancy parameter and the distance parameter are discussed.It is found that the impact loads on floating body caused by underwater explosion bubble near the free surface can be divided into 3 components:bubble pulsation,jet impact,and slamming load of the generated waves,and the intensity of each component changes nonlinearly with the buoyance parameter.The bubble pulsation load decays with the increase in the horizontal distance.However,the impact load from the generated waves is not monotonous to distance.It increases with the distance within a particular distance threshold,but decays thereafter.

Oxidation of Dibenzothiophene in Model Diesel Using Hydroperoxide Generated via In-Situ Reaction of Octane with Oxygen

The potential of carrying out oxidative desulfurization(ODS) using oxygen as an oxidant was explored in this work. n-Octane firstly reacted with oxygen to produce hydroperoxides in-situ, which were then used as oxidants to oxidize the dibenzothiophene(DBT) in the absence of catalysts. The hydroperoxides generated in-situ were effective in oxidizing DBT to its corresponding dibenzothiophene sulfone(DBTO_2) which was characterized by FT-IR and ~1H-NMR. The removal rate of DBT could reached 98.4% under conditions covering a temperaure of 140℃, a rection duration of 4 h, and an oxygen partial pressure of 0.4 MPa. The influences of different hydrocarbon components in diesel on DBT removal were investigated. The results showed that cyclohexane and n-dodecane had no effect on the removal of DBT, but xylene had a slight negative effect on DBT removal. A possible oxidation mechanism was proposed and the concentration of hydroperoxides in both O_2-oxidized octane and model diesel were detected.

Influence of Doppler broadening and spontaneously generated coherence on propagation effect in a quasi lambda-type four-level system

In this paper we study influences of Doppler broadening, spontaneously generated coherence, and other system parameters on propagation effect in a quasi lambda-type four-level atomic system. It is shown that when the Doppler broadening is present, generally speaking, the values of gain and intensity of lasing without inversion （i.e. the probe field） in the co-propagating probe and driving fields case are much larger than those in the counter-propagating case; considerably larger gain and intensity of lasing without inversion than those without the Doppler broadening can be obtained by choosing appropriate values of the Doppler broadening width and spontaneously generated coherence strength. The gain and intensity of lasing without inversion increase with the increase of spontaneously generated coherence strength; when spontaneously generated coherence is present, much larger gain and intensity of lasing without inversion than those in the case without spontaneously generated coherence can be obtained. Choosing suitable values of the probe detuning, Rabi frequencies of the driving and pump fields at the entrance of the medium also can remarkably enhance the gain and intensity of lasing without inversion.

Exploring tourism networks in the Guangxi mountainous area using mobility data from user generated content

Tourism-led economic growth and tourism-driven urbanization have attracted increasing attention by provinces and regions in China with abundant tourism resources.Due to low data availability,the current tourism literature lacks empirical evidence of the tourism network in lessdeveloped mountainous regions where the development of transport infrastructure is more variable.This paper aims to provide such evidence using Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China as a case study.Using User Generated Content(UGC)data,this study constructs a tourism network in Guangxi.By integrating social network analysis with spatial interaction modelling,we compared the impact of two different transport infrastructures,highway and high-speed railway,on tourist flows,particularly in less-developed mountainous regions.It was found that the product of node centrality and flow could best describe the significant pushing and pulling forces on the flow of tourists.The tourism by high-speed railway was sensitive to the position of trip destination on the whole tourism network but self-drive tourism was more sensitive to travelling time.The increase of high-speed railway density is crucial to promote local tourism-led economic development,however,large-scale karst landforms in the study area present a significant obstacle to the construction of high-speed railways.

Measurement of time-varying electron density of the plasma generated from a small-size cylindrical RDX explosion by Rayleigh microwave scattering

It is challenging to measure the electron density of the unsteady plasma formed by charged particles generated from explosions in the air,because it is transient and on a microsecond time scale.In this study,the time-varying electron density of the plasma generated from a small cylindrical cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine(RDX)explosion in air was measured,based on the principle of microwave Rayleigh scattering.It was found that the evolution of the electron density is related to the diffusion of the detonation products.The application of the Rayleigh microwave scattering principle is an attempt to estimate the electron density in explosively generated plasma.Using the equivalent radius and length of the detonation products in the bright areas of images taken by a high-speed framing camera,the electron density was determined to be of the order of 10^(20)m^(−3).The delay time between the initiation time and the start of variation in the electron-density curve was 2.77–6.93μs.In the time-varying Rayleigh microwave scattering signal curve of the explosively generated plasma,the electron density had two fluctuation processes.The durations of the first stage and the second stage were 11.32μs and 19.20μs,respectively.Both fluctuation processes increased rapidly to a peak value and then rapidly attenuated with time.This revealed the movement characteristics of the charged particles during the explosion.

Do large brains of long-living mammals prefer non-newly generated,immature neurons？

Brain plasticity is heterogeneous in mammals：Brain regeneration and repair are the dream of every neurobiologist as well as every common citizen in the world who knows that most neurological diseases,dementia and other age-related problems affecting the central nervous system（CNS）do represent a heavy health and social burden.Efficacious re-generative processes are not＂ a natural property of the mammalian CNS, rather, due to evolutionary constraints they seem substantially reduced （if compared to those occurring in non-mammalian vertebrates） and hardly inducible by therapeutic approaches （reviewed in Martino et al., 2011）.

Deep Learning for Distinguishing Computer Generated Images and Natural Images:A Survey

With the development of computer graphics,realistic computer graphics(CG)have become more and more common in our field of vision.This rendered image is invisible to the naked eye.How to effectively identify CG and natural images(NI)has been become a new issue in the field of digital forensics.In recent years,a series of deep learning network frameworks have shown great advantages in the field of images,which provides a good choice for us to solve this problem.This paper aims to track the latest developments and applications of deep learning in the field of CG and NI forensics in a timely manner.Firstly,it introduces the background of deep learning and the knowledge of convolutional neural networks.The purpose is to understand the basic model structure of deep learning applications in the image field,and then outlines the mainstream framework;secondly,it briefly introduces the application of deep learning in CG and NI forensics,and finally points out the problems of deep learning in this field and the prospects for the future.

WEIGHTED WEAK TYPE ESTIMATES INVOLVING SPACES GENERATED BY BLOCKS

The problem studied in this paper is how to establish weighted estimates of weak type near L^1 for those operators that are not of weak type(1,1).

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LASER GENERATED ULTRASOUND IN SOLIDS

The laser generated ultrasound in solids in a thermoelastic regime is studied by solving thermoelastic wave equations. Analytic expressions of two-dimensional far-field ultrasonic displacements including the effects of thermal diffusion and optical penetration were obtained by means of the integral transform method. The meaning of the expressions is discussed. The effects of optical absorption coefficient on the directivity of laser generated ultrasound in non-metallic solids are also discussed. The directivity patterns of both longitudinal waves and shear waves are presented.

Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array System Based on Digital Phase Generated Carrier Demodulation and Reference Compensation Method

A novel fiber Bragg grating （FBG） sensor array system based on digital phase generated carrier （PGC） demodulation and reference compensation method is proposed and set up. Experimental results confirm that the digital PGC demodulation can be used for wavelength-division-multiplexed FBG sensor array and the reference compensation method can reduce the environmental interference by approximately 40 dB in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 2 kHz. The minimum detectable wavelength-shift of the sensor system is 1 × 10^-3 pm/Hz^1/2.