Industrial activities, through the human-induced release of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions, have beenidentified as the primary cause of global warming. Accurate and quantitative monitoring of these emissions isessent...Industrial activities, through the human-induced release of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions, have beenidentified as the primary cause of global warming. Accurate and quantitative monitoring of these emissions isessential for a comprehensive understanding of their impact on the Earth’s climate and for effectively enforcingemission regulations at a large scale. This work examines the feasibility of detecting and quantifying industrialsmoke plumes using freely accessible geo-satellite imagery. The existing systemhas so many lagging factors such aslimitations in accuracy, robustness, and efficiency and these factors hinder the effectiveness in supporting timelyresponse to industrial fires. In this work, the utilization of grayscale images is done instead of traditional colorimages for smoke plume detection. The dataset was trained through a ResNet-50 model for classification and aU-Net model for segmentation. The dataset consists of images gathered by European Space Agency’s Sentinel-2 satellite constellation from a selection of industrial sites. The acquired images predominantly capture scenesof industrial locations, some of which exhibit active smoke plume emissions. The performance of the abovementionedtechniques and models is represented by their accuracy and IOU (Intersection-over-Union) metric.The images are first trained on the basic RGB images where their respective classification using the ResNet-50model results in an accuracy of 94.4% and segmentation using the U-Net Model with an IOU metric of 0.5 andaccuracy of 94% which leads to the detection of exact patches where the smoke plume has occurred. This work hastrained the classification model on grayscale images achieving a good increase in accuracy of 96.4%.展开更多
The Combined-GEO-IGSO constellation is the combination of Geostationary Earth Orbit(GEO) satellite and Inclining GeoSynchronous Orbit(IGSO) satellite.The Combined-GEO-IGSO constellation can integrate the advantages of...The Combined-GEO-IGSO constellation is the combination of Geostationary Earth Orbit(GEO) satellite and Inclining GeoSynchronous Orbit(IGSO) satellite.The Combined-GEO-IGSO constellation can integrate the advantages of GEO and IGSO to achieve regional coverage.In order to discuss the performances of the Combined-GEO-IGSO constellation,the performances of coverage,elevation,diversity,and transmission are simulated in China and surrounding regions by Satellite Tool Kit(STK).The simulation results show that:the combined constellation can reach higher multi-satellite coverage and higher communication elevation in China and surrounding areas;the Doppler shift,delay,and propagation loss of this constellation have little impact on the system.As regional coverage constellation,the Combined-GEO-IGSO is feasible.展开更多
Constellations of regional satellite navigation systems are usually constituted of geostationary satellites (GEO) and inclined geostationary satellites (IGSO) for better service availability. Analysis of real data sho...Constellations of regional satellite navigation systems are usually constituted of geostationary satellites (GEO) and inclined geostationary satellites (IGSO) for better service availability. Analysis of real data shows that the pseudorange measurements of these two types of satellites contain significant multipath errors and code noise, and the multipath for GEO is extremely serious, which is harmful to system services. In contrast, multipath error of carrier phase measurements is less than 3 cm, which is smaller than the multipath of pseudorange measurements by two orders of magnitude. Using a particular combination of pseudorange and dual-frequency carrier phase measurements, the pseudorange multipath errors are detected, and their time varying features are analyzed. A real-time multipath correction algorithm is proposed in this paper, which is called CNMC (Code Noise and Multipath Correction). The algorithm decreases the influence of the multipath error and therefore ensures the performance of the system. Data processing experiments show that the multipath error level may be reduced from 0.5 m to 0.15 m by using this algorithm, and 60% of GEO multipath errors and 42% of IGSO multipath errors are successfully corrected with CNMC. Positioning experiments are performed with a constellation of 3 GEO plus 3 IGSO satellites. For dual-frequency users the East-West position accuracy is improved from 1.31 m to 0.94 m by using the CNMC algorithm, the South-North position accuracy is improved from 2.62 m to 2.29 m, and the vertical position accuracy is improved from 4.25 m to 3.05 m. After correcting multipath errors, the three-dimensional position accuracy is improved from 5.16 m to 3.94 m.展开更多
A thruster configuration and optimization method for GEO satellite is proposed in this paper.All thrusters are installed on the back panel of satellite,which is not only compatible with the design of satellite subdivi...A thruster configuration and optimization method for GEO satellite is proposed in this paper.All thrusters are installed on the back panel of satellite,which is not only compatible with the design of satellite subdivision structure,but also able to provide a large installation room for the payloads and components carried by the satellite.Chemical thruster and electric thruster were selected because they have complementary advantages and can effectively reduce propellant consumption.The working mode and tasks of the thruster were analyzed in detail for thruster configuration,which was optimized in order to minimize propellant consumption.Lastly,a GEO satellite thruster was configured and optimized using this method,with results showing that the method is feasible and effective,and consequently has value for engineering applications.展开更多
连线干涉测量(Connected Element Interferometry,CEI)是一种全天时全天候的被动测角技术,已用于空间目标的跟踪监视.地球静止轨道(Geostationary Earth Orbit,GEO)卫星需要频繁机动以保持轨位或完成其他任务,其机动后的快速轨道恢复能...连线干涉测量(Connected Element Interferometry,CEI)是一种全天时全天候的被动测角技术,已用于空间目标的跟踪监视.地球静止轨道(Geostationary Earth Orbit,GEO)卫星需要频繁机动以保持轨位或完成其他任务,其机动后的快速轨道恢复能力对于监视预警极为重要.针对基于CEI的GEO短弧定轨和预报,分析了定轨算法的形亏和数亏,在附加先验轨道约束的短弧定轨基础上,提出了轨道半长轴初值的自适应优化方法.利用亚太七号卫星的CEI仿真和实测数据进行了短弧定轨和预报,实验结果表明,采用优化后的半长轴初值,30min短弧定轨和10min预报的卫星位置分量精度均优于4km,能够满足非合作GEO目标机动后快速轨道恢复的需求.展开更多
The architecture of cislunar multi-hop communication networks, which focuses on the requirements of lunar full-coverage and continuous cislunar communications, is presented on the basis of Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO) s...The architecture of cislunar multi-hop communication networks, which focuses on the requirements of lunar full-coverage and continuous cislunar communications, is presented on the basis of Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO) satellite network relays. According to the geographical distribution of the forthcoming Chinese Deep Space Measuring and Controlling Network (DSMCN), two networking schemes are proposed and two elevation angle optimization models are established for locating GEO relay satellites. To analyze the dynamic connectivity, a dynamic network model is constructed with respect to the time-varying characteristics of cislunar trunk links. The advantages of the two proposed schemes, in terms of the Connectivity Rate (CR), Interruption Frequency (IF), and Average Length of Connecting Duration (ALCD), are corroborated by several simulations. In the case of the lunar polar orbit constellation case, the gains in the performance of scheme I are observed to be 134.55%, 117.03%, and 217.47% compared with DSMCN for three evaluation indicators, and the gains in the performance of scheme II are observed to be 238. 22%, 240.40%, and 572.71%. The results validate that the connectivity of GEO satellites outperforms that of earth facilities significantly and schemes based on GEO satellite relays are promising options for cislunar multi-hop communication networking.展开更多
Dynamic resource allocation(DRA) is a key technology to improve system performances in GEO multi-beam satellite systems. And, since the cache resource on the satellite is very valuable and limited, DRA problem under r...Dynamic resource allocation(DRA) is a key technology to improve system performances in GEO multi-beam satellite systems. And, since the cache resource on the satellite is very valuable and limited, DRA problem under restricted cache resources is also an important issue to be studied. This paper mainly investigates the DRA problem of carrier resources under certain cache constraints. What's more, with the aim to satisfy all users' traffic demands as more as possible, and to maximize the utilization of the bandwidth, we formulate a multi-objective optimization problem(MOP) where the satisfaction index and the spectrum efficiency are jointly optimized. A modified strategy SA-NSGAII which combines simulated annealing(SA) and non-dominated sorted genetic algorithm-II(NSGAII) is proposed to approximate the Pareto solution to this MOP problem. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of satisfaction index, spectrum efficiency, occupied cache, and etc.展开更多
文摘Industrial activities, through the human-induced release of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions, have beenidentified as the primary cause of global warming. Accurate and quantitative monitoring of these emissions isessential for a comprehensive understanding of their impact on the Earth’s climate and for effectively enforcingemission regulations at a large scale. This work examines the feasibility of detecting and quantifying industrialsmoke plumes using freely accessible geo-satellite imagery. The existing systemhas so many lagging factors such aslimitations in accuracy, robustness, and efficiency and these factors hinder the effectiveness in supporting timelyresponse to industrial fires. In this work, the utilization of grayscale images is done instead of traditional colorimages for smoke plume detection. The dataset was trained through a ResNet-50 model for classification and aU-Net model for segmentation. The dataset consists of images gathered by European Space Agency’s Sentinel-2 satellite constellation from a selection of industrial sites. The acquired images predominantly capture scenesof industrial locations, some of which exhibit active smoke plume emissions. The performance of the abovementionedtechniques and models is represented by their accuracy and IOU (Intersection-over-Union) metric.The images are first trained on the basic RGB images where their respective classification using the ResNet-50model results in an accuracy of 94.4% and segmentation using the U-Net Model with an IOU metric of 0.5 andaccuracy of 94% which leads to the detection of exact patches where the smoke plume has occurred. This work hastrained the classification model on grayscale images achieving a good increase in accuracy of 96.4%.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60972061,No. 60972062,and No. 61032004)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China ("863" Program) (No. 2008AA12A204)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK2009060)
文摘The Combined-GEO-IGSO constellation is the combination of Geostationary Earth Orbit(GEO) satellite and Inclining GeoSynchronous Orbit(IGSO) satellite.The Combined-GEO-IGSO constellation can integrate the advantages of GEO and IGSO to achieve regional coverage.In order to discuss the performances of the Combined-GEO-IGSO constellation,the performances of coverage,elevation,diversity,and transmission are simulated in China and surrounding regions by Satellite Tool Kit(STK).The simulation results show that:the combined constellation can reach higher multi-satellite coverage and higher communication elevation in China and surrounding areas;the Doppler shift,delay,and propagation loss of this constellation have little impact on the system.As regional coverage constellation,the Combined-GEO-IGSO is feasible.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863) (Grant Nos.2009Z12A324 and 2009AA12Z328)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10703011, 11073047 and 11033004)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai (Grant No. 06DZ22101)
文摘Constellations of regional satellite navigation systems are usually constituted of geostationary satellites (GEO) and inclined geostationary satellites (IGSO) for better service availability. Analysis of real data shows that the pseudorange measurements of these two types of satellites contain significant multipath errors and code noise, and the multipath for GEO is extremely serious, which is harmful to system services. In contrast, multipath error of carrier phase measurements is less than 3 cm, which is smaller than the multipath of pseudorange measurements by two orders of magnitude. Using a particular combination of pseudorange and dual-frequency carrier phase measurements, the pseudorange multipath errors are detected, and their time varying features are analyzed. A real-time multipath correction algorithm is proposed in this paper, which is called CNMC (Code Noise and Multipath Correction). The algorithm decreases the influence of the multipath error and therefore ensures the performance of the system. Data processing experiments show that the multipath error level may be reduced from 0.5 m to 0.15 m by using this algorithm, and 60% of GEO multipath errors and 42% of IGSO multipath errors are successfully corrected with CNMC. Positioning experiments are performed with a constellation of 3 GEO plus 3 IGSO satellites. For dual-frequency users the East-West position accuracy is improved from 1.31 m to 0.94 m by using the CNMC algorithm, the South-North position accuracy is improved from 2.62 m to 2.29 m, and the vertical position accuracy is improved from 4.25 m to 3.05 m. After correcting multipath errors, the three-dimensional position accuracy is improved from 5.16 m to 3.94 m.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61333008)
文摘A thruster configuration and optimization method for GEO satellite is proposed in this paper.All thrusters are installed on the back panel of satellite,which is not only compatible with the design of satellite subdivision structure,but also able to provide a large installation room for the payloads and components carried by the satellite.Chemical thruster and electric thruster were selected because they have complementary advantages and can effectively reduce propellant consumption.The working mode and tasks of the thruster were analyzed in detail for thruster configuration,which was optimized in order to minimize propellant consumption.Lastly,a GEO satellite thruster was configured and optimized using this method,with results showing that the method is feasible and effective,and consequently has value for engineering applications.
文摘连线干涉测量(Connected Element Interferometry,CEI)是一种全天时全天候的被动测角技术,已用于空间目标的跟踪监视.地球静止轨道(Geostationary Earth Orbit,GEO)卫星需要频繁机动以保持轨位或完成其他任务,其机动后的快速轨道恢复能力对于监视预警极为重要.针对基于CEI的GEO短弧定轨和预报,分析了定轨算法的形亏和数亏,在附加先验轨道约束的短弧定轨基础上,提出了轨道半长轴初值的自适应优化方法.利用亚太七号卫星的CEI仿真和实测数据进行了短弧定轨和预报,实验结果表明,采用优化后的半长轴初值,30min短弧定轨和10min预报的卫星位置分量精度均优于4km,能够满足非合作GEO目标机动后快速轨道恢复的需求.
基金Supported by the High Technology Research and Development Programme of China （No. 2008AA011102） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （ No. 60772112）.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of P.R.China under Grant No.2012 AA121604 the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No.60902042,No.61170014,No.61202079+1 种基金 the National Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China under Grant No.20090006110014 the Foundation for Key Program of Ministry of Education of China under Grant No.311007
文摘The architecture of cislunar multi-hop communication networks, which focuses on the requirements of lunar full-coverage and continuous cislunar communications, is presented on the basis of Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO) satellite network relays. According to the geographical distribution of the forthcoming Chinese Deep Space Measuring and Controlling Network (DSMCN), two networking schemes are proposed and two elevation angle optimization models are established for locating GEO relay satellites. To analyze the dynamic connectivity, a dynamic network model is constructed with respect to the time-varying characteristics of cislunar trunk links. The advantages of the two proposed schemes, in terms of the Connectivity Rate (CR), Interruption Frequency (IF), and Average Length of Connecting Duration (ALCD), are corroborated by several simulations. In the case of the lunar polar orbit constellation case, the gains in the performance of scheme I are observed to be 134.55%, 117.03%, and 217.47% compared with DSMCN for three evaluation indicators, and the gains in the performance of scheme II are observed to be 238. 22%, 240.40%, and 572.71%. The results validate that the connectivity of GEO satellites outperforms that of earth facilities significantly and schemes based on GEO satellite relays are promising options for cislunar multi-hop communication networking.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project under Grant 2018ZX03001016
文摘Dynamic resource allocation(DRA) is a key technology to improve system performances in GEO multi-beam satellite systems. And, since the cache resource on the satellite is very valuable and limited, DRA problem under restricted cache resources is also an important issue to be studied. This paper mainly investigates the DRA problem of carrier resources under certain cache constraints. What's more, with the aim to satisfy all users' traffic demands as more as possible, and to maximize the utilization of the bandwidth, we formulate a multi-objective optimization problem(MOP) where the satisfaction index and the spectrum efficiency are jointly optimized. A modified strategy SA-NSGAII which combines simulated annealing(SA) and non-dominated sorted genetic algorithm-II(NSGAII) is proposed to approximate the Pareto solution to this MOP problem. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of satisfaction index, spectrum efficiency, occupied cache, and etc.
