Cloud Top Pressure Retrieval Using Polarized and Oxygen A-band Measurements from GF5 and PARASOL Satellites

Cloud top pressure(CTP)is one of the critical cloud properties that significantly affects the radiative effect of clouds.Multi-angle polarized sensors can employ polarized bands(490 nm)or O_(2)A-bands(763 and 765 nm)to retrieve the CTP.However,the CTP retrieved by the two methods shows inconsistent results in certain cases,and large uncertainties in low and thin cloud retrievals,which may lead to challenges in subsequent applications.This study proposes a synergistic algorithm that considers both O_(2)A-bands and polarized bands using a random forest(RF)model.LiDAR CTP data are used as the true values and the polarized and non-polarized measurements are concatenated to train the RF model to determine CTP.Additionally,through analysis,we proposed that the polarized signal becomes saturated as the cloud optical thickness(COT)increases,necessitating a particular treatment for cases where COT<10 to improve the algorithm's stability.The synergistic method was then applied to the directional polarized camera(DPC)and Polarized and Directionality of the Earth’s Reflectance(POLDER)measurements for evaluation,and the resulting retrieval accuracy of the POLDER-based measurements(RMSEPOLDER=205.176 hPa,RMSEDPC=171.141 hPa,R^(2)POLDER=0.636,R^(2)DPC=0.663,respectively)were higher than that of the MODIS and POLDER Rayleigh pressure measurements.The synergistic algorithm also showed good performance with the application of DPC data.This algorithm is expected to provide data support for atmosphere-related fields as an atmospheric remote sensing algorithm within the Cloud Application for Remote Sensing,Atmospheric Radiation,and Updating Energy(CARE)platform.

Satellite Communications with 5G, B5G, and 6G: Challenges and Prospects

Satellite communications, pivotal for global connectivity, are increasingly converging with cutting-edge mobile networks, notably 5G, B5G, and 6G. This amalgamation heralds the promise of universal, high-velocity communication, yet it is not without its challenges. Paramount concerns encompass spectrum allocation, the harmonization of network architectures, and inherent latency issues in satellite transmissions. Potential mitigations, such as dynamic spectrum sharing and the deployment of edge computing, are explored as viable solutions. Looking ahead, the advent of quantum communications within satellite frameworks and the integration of AI spotlight promising research trajectories. These advancements aim to foster a seamless and synergistic coexistence between satellite communications and next-gen mobile networks.

基于GF-5卫星的西藏珠勒—芒拉地区矿物蚀变信息提取及找矿前景分析

【研究目的】近年来,遥感在地质调查和矿产勘查领域取得了广泛的应用,基于多光谱遥感数据的蚀变矿物填图为地质找矿工作提供了重要技术支撑,然而基于国产高光谱遥感数据在此领域的研究却为数不多。高分五号(GF-5)较小的波谱间隔提供了相比于多光谱更为丰富的目标地物波谱信息,为矿物的精细识别提供了良好的数据源。本文主要基于GF-5开展西藏革吉南地区的矿物蚀变信息提取,同时结合Landsat-8、ASTER多光谱数据提取结果叠加对比,综合野外调查验证,进一步深化遥感在地质矿产资源调查领域的应用。【研究方法】基于多光谱数据建立了不同类别蚀变矿物的光谱指数模型,在GF-5数据蚀变信息提取方面,摒弃了传统的光谱角匹配等方法,提出了基于决策树分类辅助混合调谐匹配滤波技术进行矿化蚀变信息的提取方法,最后综合区域构造、蚀变信息提取结果等要素,圈定成矿有利区,并开展野外调查验证。【研究结果】基于Landsat-8、ASTER两种多光谱数据对铁染、羟基类(Mg-OH、Al-OH)、碳酸盐类矿物信息进行了增强与提取;基于GF-5数据识别出了方解石、钠云母、普通白云母、多硅白云母、明矾石、高岭石、地开石、绿帘石8种蚀变矿物。【结论】结合不同数据源的提取与叠加结果,证实了本文提出的矿化蚀变信息提取方法的可行性。根据野外验证情况综合揭示了该地区发育高硫型浅成低温热液蚀变矿物组合,具有斑岩-浅成低温热液矿床的成矿潜力。本文认为高光谱与多光谱数据相结合有助于后续蚀变分带的分析与更精确的成矿预测,从而更好地服务于矿产勘查工程等领域。

血清TGF-β1、Nesfatin-1、SFRP5与2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗关系探究

目的:探讨血清转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、Nesfatin-1、分泌型卷曲相关蛋白-5(SFRP5)与2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法:选取我院2021年4月-2023年4月收治的148例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,根据稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)检测结果将患者分为轻度胰岛素抵抗组(91例,HOMA-IR<2.5)和中重度胰岛素抵抗组(57例,HOMA-IR≥2.5)。比较两组入院时血清TGF-β1、Nesfatin-1、SFRP5水平,分析入院时血清TGF-β1、Nesfatin-1、SFRP5水平与HOMA-IR的相关性,分析发生中重度胰岛素抵抗的影响因素、联合检测的诊断价值及危险度。结果:入院时,中重度胰岛素抵抗组血清TGF-β1、Nesfatin-1水平高于轻度胰岛素抵抗组,SFRP5水平低于轻度胰岛素抵抗组(P<0.05);入院时,HOMA-IR与血清TGF-β1、Nesfatin-1水平呈正相关,与SFRP5水平呈负相关(P<0.05);入院时,血清TGF-β1、Nesfatin-1、SFRP5水平为2型糖尿病患者发生中重度胰岛素抵抗的影响因素(P<0.05);入院时血清TGF-β1、Nesfatin-1、SFRP5水平联合诊断中重度胰岛素抵抗的AUC为0.808,最佳诊断敏感度为91.23%,特异度为70.33%;入院时血清TGF-β1、Nesfatin-1、SFRP5高水平患者发生中重度胰岛素抵抗的危险度是低水平的3.560、2.134、0.341倍(P<0.05)。结论:血清TGF-β1、Nesfatin-1、SFRP5水平与2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗密切相关,可作为临床诊断病情的参考依据。

基于GF-5高光谱数据的昆嵛山区域森林胁迫研究

为更好地分析森林植被胁迫的生理过程,建立有效的森林监测系统,使用GF-5号高光谱数据对昆嵛山区域植被应力进行遥感健康度估测,GF-5号高光谱数据能够使非破坏性监测叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和花青素含量等叶片色素等重要指标反映植被健康成为可能,适用于当前研究区域的动态健康监测系统。结果显示,混交林健康度均值最高,其次为落叶阔叶林,常绿针叶林和落叶针叶林健康度均值相当;阳坡森林健康度均值最高,其次为半阴坡与半阳坡的森林健康度均值相当,阴坡森林健康度最低;植被健康度与土壤类型呈现一定相关性,与砂土呈现正相关,与粉砂土、黏土呈现负相关关系。研究表明使用与植被冠层中不同类型与胁迫有关的遥感指数来定量表示植被特殊状态、生物物理和生物化学特性,使森林资源的调查监测和管理得以实现。

From Earth to Space:A First Deployment of 5G Core Network on Satellite

Recent developments in the aerospace industry have led to a dramatic reduction in the manufacturing and launch costs of low Earth orbit satellites.The new trend enables the paradigm shift of satelliteterrestrial integrated networks with global coverage.In particular,the integration of 5G communication systems and satellites has the potential to restructure nextgeneration mobile networks.By leveraging the network function virtualization and network slicing,the satellite 5G core networks will facilitate the coordination and management of network functions in satellite-terrestrial integrated networks.We are the first to deploy a 5G core network on a real-world satellite to investigate its feasibility.We conducted experiments to validate the satellite 5G core network functions.The validated procedures include registration and session setup procedures.The results show that the satellite 5G core network can function normally and generate correct signaling.

基于GF-5高光谱遥感的农作物种植结构监测研究

光学影像在农作物种植结构分类研究中因光谱波段数量有限,对于外在特征差异较小的农作物识别与分类存在一定的局限性。本研究探索利用高分五号(GF-5)高光谱卫星影像的丰富光谱信息,根据不同类别农作物对不同谱段反射光谱曲线差异性进行分类,结果表明农作物种植结构分类效果良好。

On-orbit Geometric Calibration and Preliminary Accuracy Evaluation of GF-14 Satellite

GF-14 satellite is a new generation of sub-meter stereo surveying and mapping satellite in China,carrying dual-line array stereo mapping cameras to achieve 1∶10000 scale topographic mapping without Ground Control Points(GCPs).In fact,space-based high-precision mapping without GCPs is a challenging task that depends on the close cooperation of several payloads and links,of which on-orbit geometric calibration is one of the most critical links.In this paper,the on-orbit geometric calibration of the dual-line array cameras of GF-14 satellite was performed using the control points collected in the high-precision digital calibration field,and the calibration parameters of the dual-line array cameras were solved as a whole by alternate iterations of forward and backward intersection.On this basis,the location accuracy of the stereo images using the calibration parameters was preliminarily evaluated by using several test fields around the world.The evaluation result shows that the direct forward intersection accuracy of GF-14 satellite images without GCPs after on-orbit geometric calibration reaches 2.34 meters(RMS)in plane and 1.97 meters(RMS)in elevation.

Challenges,Opportunities,and Future Research in the Integration of 5G/6G Networks,LEO Satellites,and IoT for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development at ECSTAR

The rapid proliferation of connected IoT(Internet of Things)devices,along with the increasing demand for 5G mobile networks and ubiquitous high-speed connectivity,poses significant challenges in the telecommunications sector.To address these challenges,a comprehensive understanding of the integration of 5G/6G networks and LEO(Low Earth Orbit)satellite networks is required,forming the concept of“integrated networks”.Integration offers valuable advantages,including service continuity,wide-area coverage,and support for critical communications and emerging applications.This paper provides a high-level overview of the convergence of 5G/6G,LEO satellites,and IoT devices,shedding light on the technological challenges and standardization issues associated with the transition from 5G to 6G networks using NTNs(Non-Terrestrial Networks)based on LEO satellites.Furthermore,this research delves into the emerging social issues,potential possibilities,and the paradigm shift from the IoT to the IoI(Internet of Intelligence),which is poised to revolutionize the landscape of 6G wireless networks.By highlighting the interconnectedness of 5G/6G networks,LEO satellite systems,and IoT devices,it underscores the importance of leveraging these converging technologies to address environmental protection and achieve the United Nations SDGs(Sustainable Development Goals).In addition to providing valuable insights for readers seeking to comprehend the convergence of 5G/6G networks,LEO satellite systems,and IoT devices,this paper represents the outcomes of a comprehensive analysis conducted at the ECSTAR(Excellence Center of Space Technology and Research).Through an examination of technological challenges and advancements,it identifies future research directions and potential avenues for exploration at ECSTAR,thereby contributing to a broader understanding of integrated networks and their profound impact on future telecommunications systems.This research serves as a significant resource for advancing the knowledge and discourse surrounding the linkages between the convergence of these technologies,environmental protection,and the pursuit of the SDGs.

应用GF-5高光谱遥感影像提取山区茶园

为探究高光谱影像丰富的光谱信息对山区茶园的提取效果,促进国产卫星高光谱影像在茶园分布制图与资源监测中的应用,以普洱市南部山区茶园典型分布区为研究区,以高分五号AHSI(GF-5 AHSI)影像以及数字高程模型(DEM)为主要数据源,结合实地调查数据,构建基于随机森林(RF)分类器的亚热带山区茶园提取算法。首先,将去除噪声影响后剩余的250个波段作为光谱特征(SF);在分析研究区主要地物(茶园、森林、农田)光谱的基础上,分别构建植被指数特征(VIF)45个,地形特征(TRF)3个。然后,利用RF进行特征重要性排序,按照特征重要性从大到小依次将特征输入RF分类器进行茶园提取,随着特征的不断输入,茶园提取的F1-Score达到饱和不再明显增加时的特征维度即为最优选择特征。依据3种特征因子(SF,VIF和TRF)构建12种分类方案。最后,比较12种方案的茶园提取精度,最终确定最优方案。结果显示,不同特征组合茶园提取F1-Score排序为SF+VIF+TRE+FS>TRF+VIF+FS>SF+TRF+FS>TRF+VIF>VIF+FS>SF+VIF+FS>SF+VIF+TRF>SF+FS>SF+TRF>VIF>SF+VIF>SF。FS后6种分类方案中,SF参与分类的4种方案中被选中2次的波段为b4、b5、b6、b27、b133、b150和b281;在VIF参与分类的4种方案中被选中4次的指数分别为REP、VOG2、SR2、SR3、WBI、TIP3和TIP9;TRF参与分类的4种方案中坡度、坡向、高程均被选中。此外,SF+TRF+VIF特征进行FS后结合RF算法能够对亚热带茶园分布进行有效识别,具有较好的识别精度和可信度,GF-5 AHSI卫星数据在茶园分布制图和资源监测等领域有着较好的应用潜力和前景。

System Integration of Terrestrial Mobile Communication and Satellite Communication——The Trends, Challenges and Key Technologies in B5G and 6G

Mobile communication standards have been developed into a new era of B5G and 6G.In recent years,low earth orbit(LEO)satellites and space Internet have become hot topics.The integrated satellite and terrestrial systems have been widely discussed by industries and academics,and even are expected to be applied in those huge constellations in construction.This paper points out the trends of two stages towards system integration of the terrestrial mobile communication and the satellite communications:to be compatible with 5G,and to be integrated within 6G.Based on analysis of the challenges of both stages,key technologies are thereafter analyzed in detail,covering both air interface currently discussed in 3GPP for B5G and also novel network architecture and related transmission technologies toward future 6G.

The first quantitative remote sensing of ocean internal waves by Chinese GF-3 SAR satellite

Quantitative analysis and retrieval is given by the State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics（SOED）,Second Institute of Oceanography（SIO）,State Oceanic Administration（SOA）,China,from the first batch of GF-3 synthetic aperture radar（SAR）data with ocean internal wave features in the Yellow Sea.

Overview of Chinese First C Band Multi-Polarization SAR Satellite GF-3

The GF-3 satellite, the first C band and multi-polarization Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) satellite in China, achieved breakthroughs in a number of key technologies such as multi-polarization and the design of a multiimaging mode, a multi-polarization phased array SAR antenna, and in internal calibration technology. The satellite technology adopted the principle of "Demand Pulls, Technology Pushes", creating a series of innovation firsts, reaching or surpassing the technical specifications of an international level.

Study on Security of 5G and Satellite Converged Communication Network

The 5G and satellite converged communication network(5G SCCN)is an impor⁃tant component of the integration of satellite-terrestrial networks,the national science,and technology major projects towards 2030.Security is the key to ensuring its operation,but at present,the research in this area has just started in our country.Based on the network char⁃acteristics and security risks,we propose the security architecture of the 5G SCCN and sys⁃tematically sort out the key protection technologies and improvement directions.In particu⁃lar,unique thinking on the security of lightweight data communication and design reference for the 5G SCCN network architecture is presented.It is expected to provide a piece of refer⁃ence for the follow-up 5G SCCN security technology research,standard evolution,and indus⁃trialization.

Chinese GF-1 and GF-3 satellites observed the giant iceberg calving off the Larsen C Ice Shelf

A massive iceberg, named A-68 by National Ice Center （NIC） officially, calved away from the Larsen C Ice Shelf in Antarctica on luly 12, 2017. The iceberg A-68 is about 5 800 km2, weighs more than a trillion tons and it is one of the biggest ever recorded icebergs. Chinese satellites Gaofen-1 （GF-1） and Gaofen-3 （GF-3） data was used to monitoring the propagation of the rift and the iceberg by National Satellite Ocean Application Service （NSOAS）.

Satellite E2E Network Slicing Based on 5G Technology

We investigate the design of satellite network slicing for the first time to provide customized services for the diversified applications,and propose a novel scheme for satellite end-to-end(E2E) network slicing based on 5G technology,which provides a view of common satellite network slicing and supports flexible network deployment between the satellite and the ground.Specifically,considering the limited satellite network resource and the characteristics of the satellite channel,we propose a novel satellite E2E network slicing architecture.Therein,the deployment of the network functions between the satellite and the ground is coordinately considered.Subsequently,the classification and the isolation technologies of satellite network sub-slices are proposed adaptively based on 5G technology to support resource allocation on demand.Then,we develop the management technologies for the satellite E2E network slicing including slicing key performance indicator(KPI) design,slicing deployment,and slicing management.Finally,the analysis of the challenges and future work shows the potential research in the future.

Cloud Detection and Centroid Extraction of Laser Footprint Image of GF-7 Satellite Laser Altimetry

The laser altimeter loaded on the GaoFen-7(GF-7)satellite is designed to record the full waveform data and footprint image,which can obtain high-precision elevation control points for stereo image.The footprint camera equipped on the GF-7 laser altimetry system can capture the energy distribution at the time of laser emission and the image of the ground object where the laser falls,which can be used to judge whether the laser is affected by the cloud.At the same time,the centroid of laser spot on the footprint image can be extracted to monitor the change of laser pointing stability.In this manuscript,a data quality analysis scheme of laser altimetry based on footprint image is presented.Firstly,the cloud detection of footprint image is realized based on deep learning.The fusion result of the model is about 5%better than that of the traditional cloud detection algorithm,which can quickly and accurately determine whether the laser spot is affected by cloud.Secondly,according to the characteristics of footprint image,a threshold constrained ellipse fitting method for extracting the centroid of laser spot is proposed to monitor the pointing stability of long-period lasers.Based on the above method,the change of laser spot centroid since GF-7 satellite was put into operation is analyzed,and the conclusions obtained have certain reference significance for the quality control of satellite laser altimetry data and the analysis of pointing angle stability.

GF-3 Satellite Put into Operation

GF-3,China’s first C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)satellite with multiple polarizations,has been put into use from January 23.The SAR-C satellite has a 1 m resolution.CNSA Deputy Director WU Yanhua and CASC Vice President YANG Baohua attended the ceremony for the commencement of formal operation of GF-3.GF-3 is the first LEO remote sens-

MISSION OBJECTIVES OF SJ-5 SATELLITE COMPLETELY ACHIEVED

The SJ-5 (Shijian-5) spacecraft is the first China-made satellite for scientific research with theCAS as the user. Blasting off from the TaiyuanSatellite Launch Center on May 10, l999, the SJ-5completed its main experimental tasks on scheduleafter a 90-day-long earth-orbit flight. The normaloperation of the satellite’s platform provided aguarantee for the smooth fulfillment of its mission.All payloads aboard the satellite were independent-

国产GF-5高光谱遥感在铀矿找矿中的应用——以甘肃省龙首山地区为例

GF-5观测卫星拥有着330个谱段的高光谱分辨率遥感数据,是我国2019年自主研发的首颗高光谱综合观测卫星。基于GF-5卫星开展的地质找矿应用的研究较少,文章选取了基岩裸露程度高、铀成矿地质条件优越的甘肃省龙首山铀成矿带作为GF-5高光谱遥感适宜性和可行性验证研究区,开展了数据预处理研究,构建了GF-5高光谱数据处理方法和流程,运用MNF算法、PPI算法,结合SAM光谱角填图技术,在研究区内共提取到包括钠长石、赤铁矿、高岭石、石英(硅化)、绿泥石和方解石在内的6种蚀变矿物。提取的蚀变矿物空间展布与区内铀矿(化)点、断裂构造和龙首山岩群分布特征关系密切,并通过开展地面光谱测量验证了蚀变矿物提取结果的可靠性。基于研究成果,丰富了GF-5高光谱的铀矿找矿工作思路,为国产GF-5高光谱遥感应用于地质找矿提供了参考。