The mode serials of the Earth’s free oscillation provide some important information on the Earth’s deep structure and superconducting gravimeters （SG） can investigate the phenomena of the Earth’s free oscillation...The mode serials of the Earth’s free oscillation provide some important information on the Earth’s deep structure and superconducting gravimeters （SG） can investigate the phenomena of the Earth’s free oscillations with high accuracy. The great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake fully excited the Earth’s free oscillations and these signals were perfectly recorded by five superconducting gravimeters in the globe. After the pre-treatment and spectral analysis on the SG observation data, we obtained the experimented mode serials of the Earth’s free oscillations consisting of 147 modes with GGP station data. These observed modes were themselves some new important data for the study of the Earth’s deep structure. On the basis of the discussions on some checked inner-core-sensitive modes, we distinguished three layers from the inner core, and the boundary of the upper layer was compatible with the formerly known transition zone in the inner core based on seismic body waves and supported that there were the hemispherical variation and very lower shear velocity zone in the lower inner core.展开更多
实施退耕还林,是控制中国水土流失、改善生态环境的有效途径。如何制定最具成本-效益的退耕还林方案,以平衡生态、经济和粮食安全之间的矛盾,是保证退耕还林工程可持续发展的关键。该研究以淮河上游的息县流域为研究区,在土地利用现状...实施退耕还林,是控制中国水土流失、改善生态环境的有效途径。如何制定最具成本-效益的退耕还林方案,以平衡生态、经济和粮食安全之间的矛盾,是保证退耕还林工程可持续发展的关键。该研究以淮河上游的息县流域为研究区,在土地利用现状的基础上,一方面通过建立分布式水文模型SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)依次模拟各子流域的退耕还林操作得到泥沙削减系数,另一方面通过GDP(gross domestic product)与土地利用现状的空间叠置分析得到各子流域进行退耕还林的GDP损失系数,据此分别构成退耕还林的减沙效益目标和经济效益目标,采用多目标遗传算法NSGA-II优化求解子流域尺度的退耕还林方案。研究结果表明:1)建立的SWAT模型对研究区径流和泥沙的模拟精度较高,Nash系数分别在0.90和0.70以上,决定系数均大于0.80,且百分比偏差均控制在-20%~20%以内,可认为SWAT模型能够用于评估退耕还林的泥沙削减效果;2)子流域泥沙削减系数范围为26.70~2675.85 t/km^(2),并表现出从上游到下游逐渐减小的趋势,说明在流域上游的河源区实施单位面积的退耕还林能够取得更好的泥沙控制效果;3)子流域GDP损失系数在空间上呈现出较大的差异性,既有子流域出现了GDP的增加也有子流域出现了GDP的减小,对比发现在行政市或县主要居民点所在的子流域进行退耕还林需要付出更大的经济代价;4)多目标优化求解得到的退耕还林方案集将人均耕地面积维持在1.04×10^(−3)~1.54×10^(−3) km^(2),明显高于粮食安全的警戒水平,同时该方案集能够在仅损失30.13%~37.67%经济产值的同时将泥沙产量削减53.54%~69.86%,并达到区域可持续发展的土壤侵蚀水平。该研究提出的基于生态减沙效益和经济效益的子流域尺度退耕还林优化方法可为流域水土保持、退耕还林工程的科学规划提供借鉴和指导。展开更多
基金supported jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40974046,90814009 and 40730316)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No. 2008CDB389)the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-133)
文摘The mode serials of the Earth’s free oscillation provide some important information on the Earth’s deep structure and superconducting gravimeters （SG） can investigate the phenomena of the Earth’s free oscillations with high accuracy. The great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake fully excited the Earth’s free oscillations and these signals were perfectly recorded by five superconducting gravimeters in the globe. After the pre-treatment and spectral analysis on the SG observation data, we obtained the experimented mode serials of the Earth’s free oscillations consisting of 147 modes with GGP station data. These observed modes were themselves some new important data for the study of the Earth’s deep structure. On the basis of the discussions on some checked inner-core-sensitive modes, we distinguished three layers from the inner core, and the boundary of the upper layer was compatible with the formerly known transition zone in the inner core based on seismic body waves and supported that there were the hemispherical variation and very lower shear velocity zone in the lower inner core.
文摘实施退耕还林,是控制中国水土流失、改善生态环境的有效途径。如何制定最具成本-效益的退耕还林方案,以平衡生态、经济和粮食安全之间的矛盾,是保证退耕还林工程可持续发展的关键。该研究以淮河上游的息县流域为研究区,在土地利用现状的基础上,一方面通过建立分布式水文模型SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)依次模拟各子流域的退耕还林操作得到泥沙削减系数,另一方面通过GDP(gross domestic product)与土地利用现状的空间叠置分析得到各子流域进行退耕还林的GDP损失系数,据此分别构成退耕还林的减沙效益目标和经济效益目标,采用多目标遗传算法NSGA-II优化求解子流域尺度的退耕还林方案。研究结果表明:1)建立的SWAT模型对研究区径流和泥沙的模拟精度较高,Nash系数分别在0.90和0.70以上,决定系数均大于0.80,且百分比偏差均控制在-20%~20%以内,可认为SWAT模型能够用于评估退耕还林的泥沙削减效果;2)子流域泥沙削减系数范围为26.70~2675.85 t/km^(2),并表现出从上游到下游逐渐减小的趋势,说明在流域上游的河源区实施单位面积的退耕还林能够取得更好的泥沙控制效果;3)子流域GDP损失系数在空间上呈现出较大的差异性,既有子流域出现了GDP的增加也有子流域出现了GDP的减小,对比发现在行政市或县主要居民点所在的子流域进行退耕还林需要付出更大的经济代价;4)多目标优化求解得到的退耕还林方案集将人均耕地面积维持在1.04×10^(−3)~1.54×10^(−3) km^(2),明显高于粮食安全的警戒水平,同时该方案集能够在仅损失30.13%~37.67%经济产值的同时将泥沙产量削减53.54%~69.86%,并达到区域可持续发展的土壤侵蚀水平。该研究提出的基于生态减沙效益和经济效益的子流域尺度退耕还林优化方法可为流域水土保持、退耕还林工程的科学规划提供借鉴和指导。
