A nearly deterministic scheme for generation of multiphoton GHZ states with weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity

We propose a scheme to generate polarization-entangled multiphoton Greenberger-Horne^Zeilinger （GHZ） states based on weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity and subsequent homodyne measurement. It can also be generalized to produce maximally N-qubit entangled states. The success probabilities of our schemes are almost equal to 1.

Bidirectional quantum teleportation of unknown photons using path-polarization intra-particle hybrid entanglement and controlled-unitary gates via cross-Kerr nonlinearity

We propose an arbitrary controlled-unitary （CU） gate and a bidirectional quantum teleportation （BQTP） scheme. The proposed CU gate utilizes photonic qubits （photons） with cross-Kerr nonlinearities （XKNLs）, X-homodyne detectors, and linear optical elements, and consists of the consecutive operation of a controlled-path （C-path） gate and a gathering-path （G- path） gate. It is almost deterministic and feasible with current technology when a strong coherent state and weak XKNLs are employed. Based on the CU gate, we present a BQTP scheme that simultaneously teleports two unknown photons between distant users by transmitting only one photon in a path-polarization intra-particle hybrid entangled state. Consequently, it is possible to experimentally implement BQTP with a certain success probability using the proposed CU gate.

Generation of a four-particle entangled state via cross-Kerr nonlinearity

We propose a scheme for generating a genuine four-particle polarisation entangled state ｜χ^00） that has many interesting entanglement properties and potential applications in quantum information processing. In our scheme, we use the weak cross-Kerr nonlinear interaction between field-modes and the non-demolition measurement method based on highly efficient homodyne detection, which is feasible under the current experiment conditions.

Quantum secure direct communication with Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-type state (GHZ state) over noisy channels

We propose a quantum error-rejection scheme for direct communication with three-qubit quantum codes based on the direct communication of secret messages without any secret key shared in advance. Given the symmetric and independent errors of the transmitted qubits, our scheme can tolerate a bit of error rate up to 33.1%, thus the protocol is deterministically secure against any eavesdropping attack even in a noisy channel.

Controlled Teleportation of an Unknown N-qubit Entangled GHZ State

<正> A scheme for controlled teleportation of an unknown N-qubit entangled GHZ state from the sender Aliceto the distant receiver Bob is proposed.And m-qubit GHZ state is sufficient for the task of control by m spatially-separated supervisors.Conditioned on the local operations executed by all participants,Bob can faithfully restore theoriginal state by performing relevant unitary transformations with the aid of some classical message about measurementresults.Anyone's absence will absolutely lead to the failure of teleportation.

Criterion of Quantum Entanglement and the Covariance Correlation Tensor in the Theory of Quantum Network

This article discusses the covariance correlation tensor (CCT) in quantum network theory for four Bell bases in detail. Furthermore, it gives the expression of the density operator in terms of CCT for a quantum network of three nodes, thus gives the criterion of entanglement for this case, i.e. the conditions of complete separability and partial separability for a given quantum state of three bodies. Finally it discusses the general case for the quantum network of m≥3 nodes.

Routing protocol for wireless quantum multi-hop mesh backbone network based on partially entangled GHZ state

Quantum multi-hop teleportation is important in the field of quantum communication. In this study, we propose a quantum multi-hop communication model and a quantum routing protocol with multi- hop teleportation for wireless mesh backbone networks. Based on an analysis of quantum multi-hop protocols, a partially entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger （GHZ） state is selected as the quantum channel for the proposed protocol. Both quantum and classical wireless channels exist between two neighboring nodes along the route. With the proposed routing protocol, quantum information can be transmitted hop by hop from the source node to the destination node. Based on multi-hop telepor- tation based on the partially entangled GHZ state, a quantum route established with the minimum number of hops. The difference between our routing protocol and the classical one is that in the for- mer, the processes used to find a quantum route and establish quantum channel entanglement occur simultaneously. The Bell state measurement results of each hop are piggybacked to quantum route finding information. This method reduces the total number of packets and the magnitude of air inter- face delay. The deduction of the establishment of a quantum channel between source and destination is also presented here. The final success probability of quantum multi-hop teleportation in wireless mesh backbone networks was simulated and analyzed. Our research shows that quantum multi-hop teleportation in wireless mesh backbone networks through a partially entangled GHZ state is feasible.

Entanglement concentration for multi-atom GHZ class state via cavity QED

In this paper, we propose a physical scheme to concentrate non-maximally entangled atomic pure states by using atomic collision in a far-off-resonant cavity. The most distinctive advantage of our scheme is that the non-maximally entangled atoms may be far from or near each other and their degree of entanglement can be maximally amplified. The photon-number-dependent parts in the effective Hamiltonian are cancelled with the assistance of a strong classical field, thus the scheme is insensitive to both the cavity decay and the thermal field.

Probabilistic teleportation of an arbitrary GHZ-class state with a pure entangled two-particle quantum channel and its application in quantum state sharing

This paper presents a scheme for probabilistic teleportation of an arbitrary GHZ-class state with a pure entangled two-particle quantum channel. The sender Alice first teleports the coefficients of the unknown state to the receiver Bob, and then Bob reconstructs the state with an auxiliary particle and some unitary operations if the teleportation succeeds. This scheme has the advantage of transmitting much less particles for teleporting an arbitrary GHZ-class state than others. Moreover, it discusses the application of this scheme in quantum state sharing.

Efficient entanglement concentration for arbitrary less-entangled NOON state assisted by single photons

We put forward two efficient entanglement concentration protocols （ECPs） for arbitrary less-entangled NOON state. Both ECPs only require one pair of less-entangled NOON state and an auxiliary photon. In the first ECR the auxiliary photon is shared by two parties, while in the second ECP, the auxiliary photon is only possessed by one party, which can increase the practical success probability by avoiding the transmission loss and simplify the operations. Moreover, both ECPs can be used repeatedly to get a high success probability. Based on the above features, our two ECPs, especially the second one, may be useful in the quantum information processing.

Schemes for Splitting Quantum Information with Four-Particle Genuine Entangled States

我们为由把四粒子的真纠缠的状态用作量隧道切开 single-qubit 和 two-qubit 状态建议二个计划。在发送者执行钟基础以后(或三深裂的 GHZ- 基础) 她的粒子上的大小，和合作者在他们的粒子上操作单个粒子的大小，州的接收装置能重建由使用适当单一的操作的发送者的原来的状态。在为切开 two-qubit 状态的计划，特别地，接收装置需要介绍一个辅助粒子并且执行一 C 不操作。

Efficient three-step entanglement concentration for an arbitrary four-photon cluster state

We propose an entanglement concentration protocol to concentrate an arbitrary partially-entangled four-photon cluster state.As a pioneering three-step entanglement concentration scheme,our protocol only needs a single-photon resource to assist the concentration in each step,which makes this protocol more economical.With the help of the linear optical elements and weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity,one can obtain a maximally-entangled cluster state via local operations and classical communication.Moreover,the protocol can be iterated to obtain a higher success probability and is feasible under current experimental conditions.

Steganalysis and improvement of a quantum steganography protocol via a GHZ_4 state

Quantum steganography that utilizes the quantum mechanical effect to achieve the purpose of information hiding is a popular topic of quantum information. Recently, E1 Allati et al. proposed a new quantum steganography using the GHZ4 state. Since all of the 8 groups of unitary transformations used in the secret message encoding rule change the GHZ4 state into 6 instead of 8 different quantum states when the global phase is not considered, we point out that a 2-bit instead of a 3-bit secret message can be encoded by one group of the given unitary transformations. To encode a 3-bit secret message by performing a group of unitary transformations on the GHZ4 state, we give another 8 groups of unitary transformations that can change the GHZ4 state into 8 different quantum states. Due to the symmetry of the GHZ4 state, all the possible 16 groups of unitary transformations change the GHZ4 state into 8 different quantum states, so the improved protocol achieves a high efficiency.

Teleportation of atomic entangled states with a thermal cavity

We propose a most simple and experimentally feasible scheme for teleporting unknown atomic entangled states in driven cavity quantum electrodynamics （QED）. In our scheme, the joint Bell-state measurement （BSM） is not required, and the successful probability can reach 1.0. Furthermore, the scheme is insensitive to the cavity decay and the thermal field.

Remote preparation of a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state via a two-particle entangled state

We present two schemes for realizing the remote preparation of a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger （GHZ） state. The first scheme is to remotely prepare a general N-particle GHZ state with two steps. One is to prepare a qubit state by using finite classical bits from sender to receiver via a two-particle entangled state, and the other is that the receiver introduces N - 1 additional particles and performs N - 1 controlled-not （C-Not） operations. The second scheme is to remotely prepare an N-atom GHZ state via a two-atom entangled state in cavity quantum electrodynamics （QED）. The two schemes require only a two-particle entangled state used as a quantum channel, so we reduce the requirement for entanglement.

基于GHZ态的量子网络身份认证方案

利用量子力学中纠缠态的非定域关联性,提出了一种基于GHZ态的星型量子通信网络方案,该方案能有效地对用户身份进行认证,提高信息传输的安全性,实现任意站点间的量子通信。

GHZ类态原子体系与Fock态光场相互作用的动力学

采用求解Schrodinger方程和数值计算的方法,研究了处于GHZ类态的三个全同二能级纠缠原子与Fock态光场相互作用的动力学特性,讨论了原子布居算符和光场的二阶相干度与三原子体系初始态的纠缠度、Fock态光场的光场强度的成赖关系。结果表明:系统处在非纠缠态,原子布居呈现出周期性的崩塌和回复现象,当光场为真空场时,出现真空Rabi振荡现象;随着光场的增强,原子布居的Rabi振荡频率增大。当系统处在纠缠态,随着纠缠度的增加,光子开始出现聚束效应,在最大纠缠态,聚束效应和反聚束效应交替出现,二阶关联函数的振荡幅度随着纠缠度的增强而增强。

N粒子纠缠GHZ态的控制性概率传送

提出了一种把N粒子纠缠GHZ态从发送者Alice传送给远方的接收者Bob的控制性隐形传送方案.在传送过程中,N对非最大纠缠EPR态和m粒子GHZ态被选择作为量子通道.发送者Alice先对它所拥有的粒子做贝尔态测量,然后每一位控制者对它们各自所拥有的GHZ态粒子先进行Hadamard变换再做投影测量,之后将它们的最终测量结果通过经典通道告知给接收者Bob,根据接收到的经典信息,Bob通过引入一个辅助粒子并且对它所拥有的粒子做唯一的通用幺正变换,就可以重现原始态.结果显示,传送成功的总概率为2N+1-m∏N k=1|ak|2,任何一个控制者的信息缺失都将导致传送的失败.