Successful crossbreeding between Oreochromis niloticus and Sarotherodon melanotheron to produce a commercial hybrid has been difficult.The karyotypes and isoenzyme of these two species and their reciprocal hybrids（O....Successful crossbreeding between Oreochromis niloticus and Sarotherodon melanotheron to produce a commercial hybrid has been difficult.The karyotypes and isoenzyme of these two species and their reciprocal hybrids（O.niloticus ♀ × S.melanotheron ♂,S.melanotheron ♀ × O.niloticus ♂,the last not included in the isoenzyme study） were investigated via metaphase chromosomes obtained from head kidney cells and electropherogram of lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） isoenzymes from the liver,kidney,white muscle,heart,and eye balls.The diploid chromosome number（2n=44） and the fundamental number（NF=50） of the four tilapia genotypes were the same.However,the karyotype of O.niloticus had three pairs of sub-metacentric（sm）,twelve pairs of sub-telocentric（st）,and seven pairs of telocentric（t） chromosomes,while S.melanotheron had one pair of metacentric（m）,two pairs of sm,12 pairs of st,and seven pairs of t chromosomes.The reciprocal hybrids both showed a mixed karyotype range between their parents：0.5 pair of m,2.5 pairs of sm,12 pairs of st,and seven pairs of t chromosomes.In view of the electropherogram of isozymes,only the LDH of the kidney showed significant clear bands,with five bands in O.niloticus,three bands in S.melanotheron,and duplicated six bands in the hybrids.The bands varied depending on their activities and mobilities.We considered that the differences in karyotype and isoenzyme were related to the genetic mechanism for post-mating isolation,and provided some additional basic genetic background of their taxonomy.展开更多
性类固醇激素对动物生长有一定的影响,但其对鱼类雌、雄生长差异的影响机理尚不清楚。为进一步了解动物雌雄生长差异的内在原因,本文通过在体注射和荧光定量PCR方法,比较了性类固醇激素(E_2、MT)对尼罗罗非鱼雌鱼和雄鱼的生长及对垂体G...性类固醇激素对动物生长有一定的影响,但其对鱼类雌、雄生长差异的影响机理尚不清楚。为进一步了解动物雌雄生长差异的内在原因,本文通过在体注射和荧光定量PCR方法,比较了性类固醇激素(E_2、MT)对尼罗罗非鱼雌鱼和雄鱼的生长及对垂体GH、肝脏GHR1、IGF-I m RNA表达的影响。结果表明:性类固醇激素E2和MT对尼罗罗非鱼的生长及生长轴相关基因的表达均有显著的影响,并且这种影响存在明显的性别二态性。E_2明显促进雌鱼的生长但不显著影响雄鱼的生长,MT显著促进雄鱼和雌鱼的生长;E2可使雌鱼垂体GH和肝脏GHR1、IGF-I的m RNA水平显著升高(P<0.05),但降低雄鱼垂体GH和肝脏GHR1的m RNA表达;MT显著提高雄鱼垂体GH和肝脏GHR1、IGF-I m RNA水平(P<0.05),但降低雌鱼垂体GH的m RNA表达,促进雌鱼肝脏GHR1 m RNA的表达,但对雄鱼肝脏GHR1的促进作用明显大于雌鱼(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,性类固醇激素对不同性别尼罗罗非鱼的生长及生长轴相关基因的m RNA表达有不同的影响,表现出明显的性别二态性,提示不同性别鱼体内性类固醇激素水平的不同可能是导致尼罗罗非鱼雌雄生长二态性的另一内在原因。展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to predict the B cell epitope of DMRT protein in Oreochromis niloticus. [Method] The secondary structure of amino acid sequence of DMRT protein was revealed by Garnier-Robson, Chou-Fasma...[Objective] The research aimed to predict the B cell epitope of DMRT protein in Oreochromis niloticus. [Method] The secondary structure of amino acid sequence of DMRT protein was revealed by Garnier-Robson, Chou-Fasman and Karplus-Schulz methods. The hydrophilicity plot, surface probability and antigenic index were obtained by Kyte-Doolittle, Emini and Jameson-Wolf methods, respectively. Based on the above results, the B cell epitopes for DMRT were predicted. [Result] Both the prediction results from Garnier-Robson, Chou-Fasman methods indicated that the α-helix centers of DMRT protein in O. niloticus were in the N terminal No. 31-56, 68-75, 110-116, 209-211 and 239-243; the β-sheet centers of DMRT protein in O. niloticus were in the N terminal No. 95-99, 177-183, 225-234 and 251-254. With the assistant of Kyte-Doolittle, Emini and Jameson-Wolf methods, the B cell epitopes for DMRT were located in or nearby the N terminal No. 13-16, 35-38, 47-54,84-93, 101-109, 127-156, 166-177 and 198-201. [Conclusion] These results are helpful for preparing the antibody of DMRT protein and revealing the sex determination mechanism of O. niloticus.展开更多
Heavy metals pose a potential threat to aquatic organisms. In this study, a static-renewal acute toxicity test was conducted to investigate the effects of cadmium on the antioxidant defense systems （both enzymatic an...Heavy metals pose a potential threat to aquatic organisms. In this study, a static-renewal acute toxicity test was conducted to investigate the effects of cadmium on the antioxidant defense systems （both enzymatic and non-enzymatic） and lipid peroxidaton in liver and gill tissues of juvenile GIFT tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. After 8 days of exposure to Cd （0, 0.016, 0.08, 0.4 and 2 mg/L）, livers accumulated significantly more Cd than gills. Catalase （CAT）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione S-transferase （GST） activities were stimulated only at the highest concentration tested （2 mg/L）. Glutathione peroxidase （GPx） activity was stimulated in the gill while inhibited in the liver, these alternations in gill and liver showed a strong relationship with Cd levels in these tissues. This may indicate either a tissue-specific response of GPx to Cd or, most probably, a hormetic effect of Cd on GPx. Cd increased GSH levels and decreased the ratio GSSG/GSH in fish livers at 2 mg/L. Cd exposure resulted in an elevated level of MDA in the livers of fish at 2 mg/L, indicating that Cd caused lipid peroxidation. Taken together, the results demonstrated that Cd altered the enzymatic and non-enzymatic defensive systems and caused lipid peroxidation in O. niloticus at relatively high concentrations （compared to environmentally relevant concentrations）. In addition, the results implied that O. niloticus could tolerate high level of Cd in sites polluted by Cd.展开更多
文摘Successful crossbreeding between Oreochromis niloticus and Sarotherodon melanotheron to produce a commercial hybrid has been difficult.The karyotypes and isoenzyme of these two species and their reciprocal hybrids（O.niloticus ♀ × S.melanotheron ♂,S.melanotheron ♀ × O.niloticus ♂,the last not included in the isoenzyme study） were investigated via metaphase chromosomes obtained from head kidney cells and electropherogram of lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） isoenzymes from the liver,kidney,white muscle,heart,and eye balls.The diploid chromosome number（2n=44） and the fundamental number（NF=50） of the four tilapia genotypes were the same.However,the karyotype of O.niloticus had three pairs of sub-metacentric（sm）,twelve pairs of sub-telocentric（st）,and seven pairs of telocentric（t） chromosomes,while S.melanotheron had one pair of metacentric（m）,two pairs of sm,12 pairs of st,and seven pairs of t chromosomes.The reciprocal hybrids both showed a mixed karyotype range between their parents：0.5 pair of m,2.5 pairs of sm,12 pairs of st,and seven pairs of t chromosomes.In view of the electropherogram of isozymes,only the LDH of the kidney showed significant clear bands,with five bands in O.niloticus,three bands in S.melanotheron,and duplicated six bands in the hybrids.The bands varied depending on their activities and mobilities.We considered that the differences in karyotype and isoenzyme were related to the genetic mechanism for post-mating isolation,and provided some additional basic genetic background of their taxonomy.
文摘性类固醇激素对动物生长有一定的影响,但其对鱼类雌、雄生长差异的影响机理尚不清楚。为进一步了解动物雌雄生长差异的内在原因,本文通过在体注射和荧光定量PCR方法,比较了性类固醇激素(E_2、MT)对尼罗罗非鱼雌鱼和雄鱼的生长及对垂体GH、肝脏GHR1、IGF-I m RNA表达的影响。结果表明:性类固醇激素E2和MT对尼罗罗非鱼的生长及生长轴相关基因的表达均有显著的影响,并且这种影响存在明显的性别二态性。E_2明显促进雌鱼的生长但不显著影响雄鱼的生长,MT显著促进雄鱼和雌鱼的生长;E2可使雌鱼垂体GH和肝脏GHR1、IGF-I的m RNA水平显著升高(P<0.05),但降低雄鱼垂体GH和肝脏GHR1的m RNA表达;MT显著提高雄鱼垂体GH和肝脏GHR1、IGF-I m RNA水平(P<0.05),但降低雌鱼垂体GH的m RNA表达,促进雌鱼肝脏GHR1 m RNA的表达,但对雄鱼肝脏GHR1的促进作用明显大于雌鱼(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,性类固醇激素对不同性别尼罗罗非鱼的生长及生长轴相关基因的m RNA表达有不同的影响,表现出明显的性别二态性,提示不同性别鱼体内性类固醇激素水平的不同可能是导致尼罗罗非鱼雌雄生长二态性的另一内在原因。
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to predict the B cell epitope of DMRT protein in Oreochromis niloticus. [Method] The secondary structure of amino acid sequence of DMRT protein was revealed by Garnier-Robson, Chou-Fasman and Karplus-Schulz methods. The hydrophilicity plot, surface probability and antigenic index were obtained by Kyte-Doolittle, Emini and Jameson-Wolf methods, respectively. Based on the above results, the B cell epitopes for DMRT were predicted. [Result] Both the prediction results from Garnier-Robson, Chou-Fasman methods indicated that the α-helix centers of DMRT protein in O. niloticus were in the N terminal No. 31-56, 68-75, 110-116, 209-211 and 239-243; the β-sheet centers of DMRT protein in O. niloticus were in the N terminal No. 95-99, 177-183, 225-234 and 251-254. With the assistant of Kyte-Doolittle, Emini and Jameson-Wolf methods, the B cell epitopes for DMRT were located in or nearby the N terminal No. 13-16, 35-38, 47-54,84-93, 101-109, 127-156, 166-177 and 198-201. [Conclusion] These results are helpful for preparing the antibody of DMRT protein and revealing the sex determination mechanism of O. niloticus.
文摘Heavy metals pose a potential threat to aquatic organisms. In this study, a static-renewal acute toxicity test was conducted to investigate the effects of cadmium on the antioxidant defense systems （both enzymatic and non-enzymatic） and lipid peroxidaton in liver and gill tissues of juvenile GIFT tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. After 8 days of exposure to Cd （0, 0.016, 0.08, 0.4 and 2 mg/L）, livers accumulated significantly more Cd than gills. Catalase （CAT）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione S-transferase （GST） activities were stimulated only at the highest concentration tested （2 mg/L）. Glutathione peroxidase （GPx） activity was stimulated in the gill while inhibited in the liver, these alternations in gill and liver showed a strong relationship with Cd levels in these tissues. This may indicate either a tissue-specific response of GPx to Cd or, most probably, a hormetic effect of Cd on GPx. Cd increased GSH levels and decreased the ratio GSSG/GSH in fish livers at 2 mg/L. Cd exposure resulted in an elevated level of MDA in the livers of fish at 2 mg/L, indicating that Cd caused lipid peroxidation. Taken together, the results demonstrated that Cd altered the enzymatic and non-enzymatic defensive systems and caused lipid peroxidation in O. niloticus at relatively high concentrations （compared to environmentally relevant concentrations）. In addition, the results implied that O. niloticus could tolerate high level of Cd in sites polluted by Cd.
