Light and gravity coordinately regulate the directional growth of plants.Arabidopsis Gravitropic in the Light 1(GIL1)inhibits the negative gravitropism of hypocotyls in red and far-red light,but the underlying molecul...Light and gravity coordinately regulate the directional growth of plants.Arabidopsis Gravitropic in the Light 1(GIL1)inhibits the negative gravitropism of hypocotyls in red and far-red light,but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive.Our study found that GIL1 is a plasma membrane-localized protein.In endodermal cells of the upper part of hypocotyls,GIL1 controls the negative gravitropism of hypocotyls.GIL1 directly interacts with PIN3 and inhibits the auxin transport activity of PIN3.Mutation of PIN3 suppresses the abnormal gravitropic response of gil1 mutant.The GIL1 protein is unstable in darkness but it is stabilized by red and far-red light.Together,our data suggest that light-stabilized GIL1 inhibits the negative gravitropism of hypocotyls by suppressing the activity of the auxin transporter PIN3,thereby enhancing the emergence of young seedlings from the soil.展开更多
AIM： To determine the role of Sonic hedgehog （Shh） pathway in colorectal adenocarcinomas through analysis of the expression of Shh pathway-related molecules, Shh, Ptchl, hedgehog-interacting protein （Hip）, Gil1, ...AIM： To determine the role of Sonic hedgehog （Shh） pathway in colorectal adenocarcinomas through analysis of the expression of Shh pathway-related molecules, Shh, Ptchl, hedgehog-interacting protein （Hip）, Gil1, Gli3 and PDGFRα. METHODS： Expression of Shh in 25 colorectal adenocarcinomas was detected by RT-PCR,in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Expression of Ptchl was observed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Expression of Hip, Gil1, Gli3 and PDGFRα was analyzed by in situ hybridization. RESULTS： Expression of cytokeratin AE1/AE3 was observed in the cytoplasm of colorectal crypts. Members of the Hh signaling pathway were expressed in colorectal epithelium. Shh was expressed in cytoplasm of dysplastic epithelial cells, while expression of Ptchl, Hip and Gill were mainly detected in the malignant crypts of adenocarcinomas. In contrast, PDGFRα was expressed highly in aberrant crypts and moderately in the stroma. Expression of Gli3 could not be detected in colorectal adenocarcinomas. CONCLUSION： These data suggest that Shh-Ptchl-Gli1 signaling pathway may play a role in the progression of colorectal tumor.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32350001, 32370306, 32022005)Tsinghua University Dushi Program+1 种基金the Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciencesfunded by grants from the Swiss National Funds (project 31003A_165877 and 310030_197563)
文摘Light and gravity coordinately regulate the directional growth of plants.Arabidopsis Gravitropic in the Light 1(GIL1)inhibits the negative gravitropism of hypocotyls in red and far-red light,but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive.Our study found that GIL1 is a plasma membrane-localized protein.In endodermal cells of the upper part of hypocotyls,GIL1 controls the negative gravitropism of hypocotyls.GIL1 directly interacts with PIN3 and inhibits the auxin transport activity of PIN3.Mutation of PIN3 suppresses the abnormal gravitropic response of gil1 mutant.The GIL1 protein is unstable in darkness but it is stabilized by red and far-red light.Together,our data suggest that light-stabilized GIL1 inhibits the negative gravitropism of hypocotyls by suppressing the activity of the auxin transporter PIN3,thereby enhancing the emergence of young seedlings from the soil.
基金grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30228031, No. 30671072
文摘AIM： To determine the role of Sonic hedgehog （Shh） pathway in colorectal adenocarcinomas through analysis of the expression of Shh pathway-related molecules, Shh, Ptchl, hedgehog-interacting protein （Hip）, Gil1, Gli3 and PDGFRα. METHODS： Expression of Shh in 25 colorectal adenocarcinomas was detected by RT-PCR,in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Expression of Ptchl was observed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Expression of Hip, Gil1, Gli3 and PDGFRα was analyzed by in situ hybridization. RESULTS： Expression of cytokeratin AE1/AE3 was observed in the cytoplasm of colorectal crypts. Members of the Hh signaling pathway were expressed in colorectal epithelium. Shh was expressed in cytoplasm of dysplastic epithelial cells, while expression of Ptchl, Hip and Gill were mainly detected in the malignant crypts of adenocarcinomas. In contrast, PDGFRα was expressed highly in aberrant crypts and moderately in the stroma. Expression of Gli3 could not be detected in colorectal adenocarcinomas. CONCLUSION： These data suggest that Shh-Ptchl-Gli1 signaling pathway may play a role in the progression of colorectal tumor.
