According to the data from the national standard classification and investigation of tourism resources(GB/T 18972-2003) in Hami region,the abundance,quality and dimensional distribution of the tourism resources in Ham...According to the data from the national standard classification and investigation of tourism resources(GB/T 18972-2003) in Hami region,the abundance,quality and dimensional distribution of the tourism resources in Hami region were evaluated based on GIS mapping technology.The evaluation results on the tourism resources in Hami region are described as follows:there are rich tourism resources categories;the quality of tourism resources is ordinary;the resources distribute equably;the number of the historical resources is much more than the natural resources,but the 1atter still has great potential for developing.All the results of the evaluation can provide important references for strategic decision making of Hami region.展开更多
This paper introduces biogas potential of animal waste in Bursa,an important agricultural,industrial and tourism centre in northwest Turkey.This research has focused on Bursa’s biogas potential from animal wastes.The...This paper introduces biogas potential of animal waste in Bursa,an important agricultural,industrial and tourism centre in northwest Turkey.This research has focused on Bursa’s biogas potential from animal wastes.The potential quantity of electric energy,the potential amount of biogas as well as potential bio-electric energy per capita to be obtained from animal wastes were studied.If the evaluation of biogas potential is conducted thoroughly,1.12% of the electricity consumption of Bursa can be met with the conversion of biogas from animal wastes into electricity.This study also revealed that the power for 95% of street lighting,approximately twofold of the electricity consumed in official apartments and all of the agricultural irrigation operations can be provided with electrical energy obtained from biogas obtained from animal wastes in Bursa.In addition,the research efficiency was improved by creating thematic maps in GIS,which enabled differences in data among the districts to be observed more clearly.展开更多
Average credit scores for people in the United States （US） differ from state to state. Some states have high, and some states have low average credit scores. Since lenders and employers use credit scores to make loa...Average credit scores for people in the United States （US） differ from state to state. Some states have high, and some states have low average credit scores. Since lenders and employers use credit scores to make loan and employment decisions, people living in states where average credit scores are high should experience the benefits of living where credit scores tend to allow more favorable loan and employment decisions. Although credit scores are the direct result of credit histories, credit histories may be impacted by demographic factors. If the demographic factors that impact credit histories are identified, ways to improve credit scores are likely to be discovered and available to people and state government policymakers. This study looks for demographic factors to indirectly explain the average credit scores for people living in each state of the US. The methodology includes statistical analyses and geographic information systems （GIS） mapping. Statistical analyses provide evidence to suggest that state average credit scores are explained by the demographic factors of education, family, income, and health. GIS mapping reveals clusters of states with similar demographics and credit scores.展开更多
Guwahati, the major city in the North Eastern region of India is growing rapidly in every aspect with major infrastructures like sports complex, educational institutions, hospitals, flyovers, multiplex halls, etc. Kno...Guwahati, the major city in the North Eastern region of India is growing rapidly in every aspect with major infrastructures like sports complex, educational institutions, hospitals, flyovers, multiplex halls, etc. Knowledge of the subsurface soil condition is necessary to ensure the structural safety and serviceability of the above mentioned structures before any construction. Therefore, contour maps of Standard penetration test N value, ground water table and shear wave velocity map using Geographical Information System (GIS) platform will be of great help to the foundation designers at the initial stage for site selection and preliminary foundation design under static and seismic condition. Contour maps of Standard penetration test N value at different depth and average contour map of N value of Guwahati city have been prepared. Standard penetration Test N values and depth of water table were taken from a data base of 200 boreholes up to 30 meter depth to prepare N value contour map of Guwahati city. A regression equation between shear wave velocity V<sub>s</sub> and Standard penetration test N value based on twenty seven previous similar correlations was also developed. This regression equation was used to determine shear wave velocity of Guwahati city. The average shear wave velocities for 30 m depth for all locations had been determined and used to generate map on (GIS) platform. Other subsurface geotechnical information of Guwahati city like soil classification and depth to water level from ground surface is also presented in the form of GIS based maps in order to form a data base.展开更多
Groundwater in Changchun City, Jilin Province of China tends to be influenced by human activities. Chemical types of groundwater were detected in both shallow and deep groundwater were: HCO3--Ca2+ and HCO3--Ca2+·...Groundwater in Changchun City, Jilin Province of China tends to be influenced by human activities. Chemical types of groundwater were detected in both shallow and deep groundwater were: HCO3--Ca2+ and HCO3--Ca2+·Mg2+ or HCO3--Mg2+·Ca2+; SO42--Ca2+ and SO42--Ca2+·Mg2+; Cl--Ca2+; and CO32--Na+. The deteriorations of groundwater quality due to the increase of TDS, NO3-+ NO2-(as Nitrogen) and TH contents have been observed from 1991 to 1998. Scatter analyses showed strong positive correlations between Ca2+, Cl-and NO3-ions and weak negative correlations between the depth of water table and Ca2+, SO42-, Cl-and NO3-ions. A mapping of contaminant index based on Chinese standard of groundwater showed that a large proportion of the groundwater in 1998 was deteriorated by human process. Despite their low values of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), the most of the sampled wells were not suitable for drinking and agriculture purposes due to higher contents of NO3-, NO2-and Mn2+ ions.展开更多
Earthquake induced landslides are one of the most severe geo-environmental hazards that cause enormous damage to infrastructure, property, and loss of life in Nuweiba area. This study developed a model for mapping the...Earthquake induced landslides are one of the most severe geo-environmental hazards that cause enormous damage to infrastructure, property, and loss of life in Nuweiba area. This study developed a model for mapping the earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility in Nuweiba area in Egypt with considerations of geological, geomorphological, topographical, and seismological factors. An integrated approach of remote sensing and GIS technologies were applied for that target. Several data sources including Terra SAR-X and SPOT 5 satellite imagery, topographic maps, field data, and other geospatial resources were used to model landslide susceptibility. These data were used specifically to produce important thematic layers contributing to landslide occurrences in the region. A rating scheme was developed to assign ranks for the thematic layers and weights for their classes based on their contribution in landslide susceptibility. The ranks and weights were defined based on the knowledge from field survey and authors experiences related to the study area. The landslide susceptibility map delineates the hazard zones to three relative classes of susceptibility: high, moderate, and low. Therefore, the current approach provides a way to assess landslide hazards and serves for geo-hazard planning and prediction in Nuweiba area.展开更多
Iranian nesting populations of the critically endangered hawksbill turtle(Eretmochelys imbricate) are some of the most important in the Indian Ocean. In this study, four of the most important hawksbill nesting grounds...Iranian nesting populations of the critically endangered hawksbill turtle(Eretmochelys imbricate) are some of the most important in the Indian Ocean. In this study, four of the most important hawksbill nesting grounds in the Persian Gulf, situated within three Iranian marine protected areas, were surveyed during nesting season,including Nakhiloo, Ommolgorm and Kharko Islands and the mainland beaches of the Naiband Marine-Coastal National Park(NMCNP). We present GIS maps of these key nesting grounds and describe sand texture of key nesting zones, along with conservation recommendations. About 9.2(28.3%) out of 32.5 km of all shores surveyed in this study were used by nesting hawksbill turtles follows: Nakhiloo: 1.4 km(52% of potential nesting area);Ommolgorm: 1.94 km(40%);Kharko: 3.4 km(28%), and NMCNP: 2.46 km(18.9%). The average nesting density was calculated as 131 nests/km at Nakhiloo, 76 nests/km at Ommolgorm, 7 nests/km at Kharko, and 15 nests per km at NMCNP. Highest nesting density was observed in Nakhiloo and Ommolgorm. It is thought that high hawksbill nesting density in these islands seems likely a result of limiting adequate nesting shores rather than the size of population, and also low density in Kharko and NMCNP more related to past and current pressures and low population density. With the exception of Ommolgorm Island, sands at the nesting grounds were well sorted.Grain size indicated that female hawksbill turtles in the Iranian Persian Gulf nest in sands that are generally mixed, with mean grain size ranging from coarse sands(0.4Φ;~0.5–1 mm) to fine sands(2Φ;~0.25 mm). We provide and discuss conservation recommendations and suggestions for future.展开更多
An efficient and reliable automated model that can map physical Soil and Water Conservation（SWC） structures on cultivated land was developed using very high spatial resolution imagery obtained from Google Earth and ...An efficient and reliable automated model that can map physical Soil and Water Conservation（SWC） structures on cultivated land was developed using very high spatial resolution imagery obtained from Google Earth and Arc GIS？ERDAS IMAGINE？and SDC Morphology Toolbox for MATLAB and statistical techniques. The model was developed using the following procedures：（1） a high-pass spatial filter algorithm was applied to detect linear features,（2） morphological processing was used to remove unwanted linear features,（3） the raster format was vectorized,（4） the vectorized linear features were split per hectare（ha） and each line was then classified according to its compass directionand（5） the sum of all vector lengths per class of direction per ha was calculated. Finallythe direction class with the greatest length was selected from each ha to predict the physical SWC structures. The model was calibrated and validated on the Ethiopian Highlands. The model correctly mapped 80% of the existing structures. The developed model was then tested at different sites with different topography. The results show that the developed model is feasible for automated mapping of physical SWC structures. Thereforethe model is useful for predicting and mapping physical SWC structures areas across diverse areas.展开更多
This paper assesses the hazardousness, vulnerability and risk of debris flow and landslide in China and compiles maps with a scale of 1：6000000, based on Geographical Information System （GIS） technology, hazard reg...This paper assesses the hazardousness, vulnerability and risk of debris flow and landslide in China and compiles maps with a scale of 1：6000000, based on Geographical Information System （GIS） technology, hazard regionalization map, socioeconomic data from 2000. Integrated hazardousness of debris flow and landslide is equivalent to the sum of debris flow hazardousness and landslide hazardousness. Vulnerability is assessed by employing a simplified assessment model. Risk is calculated by the following formula： Risk = Hazardousness × Vulnerability. The analysis results of assessment of hazardousness, vulnerability and risk show that there are extremely high risk regions of 104 km2, high risk regions of 283008 km2, moderate risk regions of 3161815 km2, low risk regions of 3299604km2, and extremely low risk regions of 2681709 km2. Exploitation activities should be prohibited in extremely high risk and high risk regions and restricted in moderate risk regions. The present study on risk analysis of debris flow and landslide not only sheds new light on the future work in this direction but also provides a scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation policy making.展开更多
Background:With elderly people comprising a growing share of the population,landscape planners need to consider their specific requirements to enhance the opportunities for them to engage in nature-based recreation(NB...Background:With elderly people comprising a growing share of the population,landscape planners need to consider their specific requirements to enhance the opportunities for them to engage in nature-based recreation(NBR).However,few studies have spatially assessed the recreation potential,demand,and opportunities for elderly people in cities.Thus,this paper aimed to spatially model and investigate the NBR opportunities for and demand of elderly people in urban areas.A spatial framework based on the ESTIMAP recreation model was developed,considering special factors to better reflect elderly people’s preferences regarding NBR at the city scale.In particular,NBR opportunities were assessed considering landscape aesthetics,various types of facilities,and proximity.The street network was used to understand elderly people’s walking behaviours regarding green spaces and related facilities.Results:A case study in Hannover,Germany,demonstrated the applicability of the proposed method.The results illustrate the spatial heterogeneity of recreation options for the elderly.Only parts of Hannover’s green spaces offer high recreation opportunities for elderly people.Many of the existing green spaces lack diverse landscape compo-nents and sufficient supply of facilities,resulting in a compromise to aesthetics and recreational opportunities.Conclusions:The proposed method contributes to research on spatial planning and environmental justice by incorporating vulnerable groups’preferences and needs in spatially assessing NBR.The planning implications highlight pocket gardens and greenways connecting communities and parks as development opportunities in the city.展开更多
基金supported by "211" Key Discipline Construction Project of Shihezi University
文摘According to the data from the national standard classification and investigation of tourism resources(GB/T 18972-2003) in Hami region,the abundance,quality and dimensional distribution of the tourism resources in Hami region were evaluated based on GIS mapping technology.The evaluation results on the tourism resources in Hami region are described as follows:there are rich tourism resources categories;the quality of tourism resources is ordinary;the resources distribute equably;the number of the historical resources is much more than the natural resources,but the 1atter still has great potential for developing.All the results of the evaluation can provide important references for strategic decision making of Hami region.
文摘This paper introduces biogas potential of animal waste in Bursa,an important agricultural,industrial and tourism centre in northwest Turkey.This research has focused on Bursa’s biogas potential from animal wastes.The potential quantity of electric energy,the potential amount of biogas as well as potential bio-electric energy per capita to be obtained from animal wastes were studied.If the evaluation of biogas potential is conducted thoroughly,1.12% of the electricity consumption of Bursa can be met with the conversion of biogas from animal wastes into electricity.This study also revealed that the power for 95% of street lighting,approximately twofold of the electricity consumed in official apartments and all of the agricultural irrigation operations can be provided with electrical energy obtained from biogas obtained from animal wastes in Bursa.In addition,the research efficiency was improved by creating thematic maps in GIS,which enabled differences in data among the districts to be observed more clearly.
文摘Average credit scores for people in the United States （US） differ from state to state. Some states have high, and some states have low average credit scores. Since lenders and employers use credit scores to make loan and employment decisions, people living in states where average credit scores are high should experience the benefits of living where credit scores tend to allow more favorable loan and employment decisions. Although credit scores are the direct result of credit histories, credit histories may be impacted by demographic factors. If the demographic factors that impact credit histories are identified, ways to improve credit scores are likely to be discovered and available to people and state government policymakers. This study looks for demographic factors to indirectly explain the average credit scores for people living in each state of the US. The methodology includes statistical analyses and geographic information systems （GIS） mapping. Statistical analyses provide evidence to suggest that state average credit scores are explained by the demographic factors of education, family, income, and health. GIS mapping reveals clusters of states with similar demographics and credit scores.
文摘Guwahati, the major city in the North Eastern region of India is growing rapidly in every aspect with major infrastructures like sports complex, educational institutions, hospitals, flyovers, multiplex halls, etc. Knowledge of the subsurface soil condition is necessary to ensure the structural safety and serviceability of the above mentioned structures before any construction. Therefore, contour maps of Standard penetration test N value, ground water table and shear wave velocity map using Geographical Information System (GIS) platform will be of great help to the foundation designers at the initial stage for site selection and preliminary foundation design under static and seismic condition. Contour maps of Standard penetration test N value at different depth and average contour map of N value of Guwahati city have been prepared. Standard penetration Test N values and depth of water table were taken from a data base of 200 boreholes up to 30 meter depth to prepare N value contour map of Guwahati city. A regression equation between shear wave velocity V<sub>s</sub> and Standard penetration test N value based on twenty seven previous similar correlations was also developed. This regression equation was used to determine shear wave velocity of Guwahati city. The average shear wave velocities for 30 m depth for all locations had been determined and used to generate map on (GIS) platform. Other subsurface geotechnical information of Guwahati city like soil classification and depth to water level from ground surface is also presented in the form of GIS based maps in order to form a data base.
文摘Groundwater in Changchun City, Jilin Province of China tends to be influenced by human activities. Chemical types of groundwater were detected in both shallow and deep groundwater were: HCO3--Ca2+ and HCO3--Ca2+·Mg2+ or HCO3--Mg2+·Ca2+; SO42--Ca2+ and SO42--Ca2+·Mg2+; Cl--Ca2+; and CO32--Na+. The deteriorations of groundwater quality due to the increase of TDS, NO3-+ NO2-(as Nitrogen) and TH contents have been observed from 1991 to 1998. Scatter analyses showed strong positive correlations between Ca2+, Cl-and NO3-ions and weak negative correlations between the depth of water table and Ca2+, SO42-, Cl-and NO3-ions. A mapping of contaminant index based on Chinese standard of groundwater showed that a large proportion of the groundwater in 1998 was deteriorated by human process. Despite their low values of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), the most of the sampled wells were not suitable for drinking and agriculture purposes due to higher contents of NO3-, NO2-and Mn2+ ions.
基金the Egyptian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research
文摘Earthquake induced landslides are one of the most severe geo-environmental hazards that cause enormous damage to infrastructure, property, and loss of life in Nuweiba area. This study developed a model for mapping the earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility in Nuweiba area in Egypt with considerations of geological, geomorphological, topographical, and seismological factors. An integrated approach of remote sensing and GIS technologies were applied for that target. Several data sources including Terra SAR-X and SPOT 5 satellite imagery, topographic maps, field data, and other geospatial resources were used to model landslide susceptibility. These data were used specifically to produce important thematic layers contributing to landslide occurrences in the region. A rating scheme was developed to assign ranks for the thematic layers and weights for their classes based on their contribution in landslide susceptibility. The ranks and weights were defined based on the knowledge from field survey and authors experiences related to the study area. The landslide susceptibility map delineates the hazard zones to three relative classes of susceptibility: high, moderate, and low. Therefore, the current approach provides a way to assess landslide hazards and serves for geo-hazard planning and prediction in Nuweiba area.
基金The Division of Marine Environment/Iranian Department of Environment(IDOE)under contract No.93.823 in 2015
文摘Iranian nesting populations of the critically endangered hawksbill turtle(Eretmochelys imbricate) are some of the most important in the Indian Ocean. In this study, four of the most important hawksbill nesting grounds in the Persian Gulf, situated within three Iranian marine protected areas, were surveyed during nesting season,including Nakhiloo, Ommolgorm and Kharko Islands and the mainland beaches of the Naiband Marine-Coastal National Park(NMCNP). We present GIS maps of these key nesting grounds and describe sand texture of key nesting zones, along with conservation recommendations. About 9.2(28.3%) out of 32.5 km of all shores surveyed in this study were used by nesting hawksbill turtles follows: Nakhiloo: 1.4 km(52% of potential nesting area);Ommolgorm: 1.94 km(40%);Kharko: 3.4 km(28%), and NMCNP: 2.46 km(18.9%). The average nesting density was calculated as 131 nests/km at Nakhiloo, 76 nests/km at Ommolgorm, 7 nests/km at Kharko, and 15 nests per km at NMCNP. Highest nesting density was observed in Nakhiloo and Ommolgorm. It is thought that high hawksbill nesting density in these islands seems likely a result of limiting adequate nesting shores rather than the size of population, and also low density in Kharko and NMCNP more related to past and current pressures and low population density. With the exception of Ommolgorm Island, sands at the nesting grounds were well sorted.Grain size indicated that female hawksbill turtles in the Iranian Persian Gulf nest in sands that are generally mixed, with mean grain size ranging from coarse sands(0.4Φ;~0.5–1 mm) to fine sands(2Φ;~0.25 mm). We provide and discuss conservation recommendations and suggestions for future.
基金covered by the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research North-South (NCCR North-South) program
文摘An efficient and reliable automated model that can map physical Soil and Water Conservation（SWC） structures on cultivated land was developed using very high spatial resolution imagery obtained from Google Earth and Arc GIS？ERDAS IMAGINE？and SDC Morphology Toolbox for MATLAB and statistical techniques. The model was developed using the following procedures：（1） a high-pass spatial filter algorithm was applied to detect linear features,（2） morphological processing was used to remove unwanted linear features,（3） the raster format was vectorized,（4） the vectorized linear features were split per hectare（ha） and each line was then classified according to its compass directionand（5） the sum of all vector lengths per class of direction per ha was calculated. Finallythe direction class with the greatest length was selected from each ha to predict the physical SWC structures. The model was calibrated and validated on the Ethiopian Highlands. The model correctly mapped 80% of the existing structures. The developed model was then tested at different sites with different topography. The results show that the developed model is feasible for automated mapping of physical SWC structures. Thereforethe model is useful for predicting and mapping physical SWC structures areas across diverse areas.
文摘This paper assesses the hazardousness, vulnerability and risk of debris flow and landslide in China and compiles maps with a scale of 1：6000000, based on Geographical Information System （GIS） technology, hazard regionalization map, socioeconomic data from 2000. Integrated hazardousness of debris flow and landslide is equivalent to the sum of debris flow hazardousness and landslide hazardousness. Vulnerability is assessed by employing a simplified assessment model. Risk is calculated by the following formula： Risk = Hazardousness × Vulnerability. The analysis results of assessment of hazardousness, vulnerability and risk show that there are extremely high risk regions of 104 km2, high risk regions of 283008 km2, moderate risk regions of 3161815 km2, low risk regions of 3299604km2, and extremely low risk regions of 2681709 km2. Exploitation activities should be prohibited in extremely high risk and high risk regions and restricted in moderate risk regions. The present study on risk analysis of debris flow and landslide not only sheds new light on the future work in this direction but also provides a scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation policy making.
基金supported by China Scholarship Council(grant number:201406010335)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2020kfyXJJS105).
文摘Background:With elderly people comprising a growing share of the population,landscape planners need to consider their specific requirements to enhance the opportunities for them to engage in nature-based recreation(NBR).However,few studies have spatially assessed the recreation potential,demand,and opportunities for elderly people in cities.Thus,this paper aimed to spatially model and investigate the NBR opportunities for and demand of elderly people in urban areas.A spatial framework based on the ESTIMAP recreation model was developed,considering special factors to better reflect elderly people’s preferences regarding NBR at the city scale.In particular,NBR opportunities were assessed considering landscape aesthetics,various types of facilities,and proximity.The street network was used to understand elderly people’s walking behaviours regarding green spaces and related facilities.Results:A case study in Hannover,Germany,demonstrated the applicability of the proposed method.The results illustrate the spatial heterogeneity of recreation options for the elderly.Only parts of Hannover’s green spaces offer high recreation opportunities for elderly people.Many of the existing green spaces lack diverse landscape compo-nents and sufficient supply of facilities,resulting in a compromise to aesthetics and recreational opportunities.Conclusions:The proposed method contributes to research on spatial planning and environmental justice by incorporating vulnerable groups’preferences and needs in spatially assessing NBR.The planning implications highlight pocket gardens and greenways connecting communities and parks as development opportunities in the city.
