Integrated Evaluation Model for Eco-Environmental Quality in Mountainous Region Based on Remote Sensing and GIS

Based on Remote Sensing （RS）, Geographic Information System （GIS）, and combining Principal Component Analysis, this paper designed a numerical integrated evaluation model for mountain eco-environment on the base of grid scale. Using this model, we evaluated the mountain eco-environmental quality in a case study area-the upper reaches of Minjiang River, and achieved a good result, which accorded well with the real condition. The study indicates that, the integrated evaluation model is suitable for multi-layer spatial factor computation, effectively lowing man＇s subjective influence in the evaluation process; treating the whole river basin as a system, the model shows full respect to the circulation of material and energy, synthetically embodies the determining impact of such natural condition as water-heat and landform, as well as human interference in natural eco-system; the evaluation result not only clearly presents mountainous vertical distribution features of input factors, but also provides a scientific and reliable thought for quantitatively evaluating mountain eco-environment.

Environmental Analysis Using Integrated GIS and Spatial Configurations in Israel

The scope for environmental analysis constitutes a critical factor in recent times, yet demanding importance due to the concerns of environmental sustainability. The study aims at analysing the prospects of implementing an integrated GIS and spatial configuration for environment analysis in Israel. The study adopts an empirical study design to consider the multi-dimensional utilisation of an integrated GIS and spatial configuration for environment analysis. The study considers the materials and methods of the GIS system modelling as well, consisting of satellite imagery, GPS-based location identification, Esri ArcGIS, CyberGIS, and BIM integration to present a comprehensive system for the environmental analysis of Israel. The results of the study indicate that the threats of natural disasters and climate change can be identified based on the synergy of spatial data within an integrated GIS modelling. In many cases, it is also used in collaboration with a BIM to ensure that planning and decision-making processes are sustainable, economically beneficial and environmentally considered. Thus, it is concluded that environmental analysis through the projection of visually represented satellite imagery within an integrated GIS with spatial configurations in Israel can minimise the conflicts between the infrastructural designs, human activities, and environmental sustainability.

Quantitative evaluation of the risk induced by dominant geomorphological processes on different land uses, based on GIS spatial analysis models

Maramures Land is mostly characterized byagricultural and forestry land use due to its specificconfiguration of topography and its specific pedoclimaticconditions. Taking into consideration the trend of the lastcentury from the perspective of land management, adecrease in the surface of agricultural lands to theadvantage of built-up and grass lands, as well as anaccelerated decrease in the forest cover due to uncontrolledand irrational forest exploitation, has become obvious. Thefield analysis performed on the territory of Maramures Land has highlighted a high frequency of two geomor-phologic processes - landslides and soil erosion - whichhave a major negative impact on land use due to their rateof occurrence. The main aim of the present study is the GISmodeling of the two geomorphologic processes, determin-ing a state of vulnerability （the USLE model for soilerosion and a quantitative model based on the morpho-metric characteristics of the territory, derived from the HG.447/2003） and their integration in a complex model ofcumulated vulnerability identification. The modeling of therisk exposure was performed using a quantitative approachbased on models and equations of spatial analysis, whichwere developed with modeled raster data structures andprimary vector data, through a matrix highlighting thecorrespondence between vulnerability and land useclasses. The quantitative analysis of the risk was performedby taking into consideration the exposure classes asmodeled databases and the land price as a primaryalphanumeric database using spatial analysis techniquesfor each class by means of the attribute table. The spatialresults highlight the territories with a high risk to presentgeomorphologic processes that have a high degree ofoccurrence and represent a useful tool in the process ofspatial planning.

Spatial quality evaluation for drinking water based on GIS and ant colony clustering algorithm

To develop a better approach for spatial evaluation of drinking water quality, an intelligent evaluation method integrating a geographical information system(GIS) and an ant colony clustering algorithm(ACCA) was used. Drinking water samples from 29 wells in Zhenping County, China, were collected and analyzed. 35 parameters on water quality were selected, such as chloride concentration, sulphate concentration, total hardness, nitrate concentration, fluoride concentration, turbidity, pH, chromium concentration, COD, bacterium amount, total coliforms and color. The best spatial interpolation methods for the 35 parameters were found and selected from all types of interpolation methods in GIS environment according to the minimum cross-validation errors. The ACCA was improved through three strategies, namely mixed distance function, average similitude degree and probability conversion functions. Then, the ACCA was carried out to obtain different water quality grades in the GIS environment. In the end, the result from the ACCA was compared with those from the competitive Hopfield neural network(CHNN) to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the ACCA according to three evaluation indexes, which are stochastic sampling method, pixel amount and convergence speed. It is shown that the spatial water quality grades obtained from the ACCA were more effective, accurate and intelligent than those obtained from the CHNN.

浅谈GIS技术在避难场所选址中的应用

随着GIS技术的不断发展,GIS技术在选址领域的优势日益显著,目前已成为该领域研究使用的重要技术手段。本文以包头市中心城区现有的中小学操场作为紧急避难场所的备选点,应用LA模型理论,运用GIS空间分析和网络分析方法,构建紧急避难场所配置模型,讨论其作为紧急避难场所的选址情况,并进行数量优化。最终从102个备选点中确定55个点作为紧急避难场所选址点。本研究可为城市防震减灾规划的紧急避难场所区位优化提供理论基础。

基于GIS的泸西县农业用地适宜性评价分析

通过GIS的空间分析以及主成份分析,对泸西县农业用地适宜性进行评价与分析。确定了该县农用地适宜性评价的参评因子及其影响度(隶属度),建立了适宜性评价指标与分类体系,划分农业用地适宜性等级,编绘农业适宜性等级图,为科学规划、合理利用、有效保护土地资源,促进可持续发展提供依据。

GIS技术在城市体检中的应用探讨

城市体检作为发现城市病、助力城市更新的重要抓手和重点工作,已在全国各地积极开展。其涉及面广、数据多源异构,包含基础地理数据、网络大数据、统计数据等,引发时空数据挖掘的研究和应用。而GIS技术作为一种强大的空间分析工具,在数据的可视化、空间分布分析方面有较大的优势,能为城市体检提供新的应用途径。通过梳理城市体检的概念和GIS技术在城市体检中应用的优势,探究GIS技术在城市体检工作中的具体运用,以及存在的困难。表明GIS技术对于城市体检指标数据的获取、城市问题的可视化以及提高城市体检评估结果的精确性方面有十分重要的意义。

Planning Sports Facilities Based on a Multicriteria Model Built in GIS Environment

The objective of this work is to evaluate the coverage of the sports facilities at Oeiras Municipality,near Lisbon,in Portugal,identifying the well-served areas and those with deficit coverage,according to the national norms for sports facilities programming and characterization,based on a self methodology,in a geographic information system(GIS)environment.For the deficit covered areas,a multicriteria analysis was developed,based on the established national criteria,which allow the identification and prioritization of interventioned areas for sports facilities.The results obtained by the application of this tool enable more informed and more detailed knowledge of the Oeiras Municipality sports supply,providing essential information for decision making in the planning of sports facilities.

基于BIM与GIS技术的三维模型构建与分析

文中研究了建筑信息模型(BIM)和地理信息系统(GIS)的结合在解决建筑行业问题方面的潜力。通过使用Revit软件构建BIM模型,并将其导入地理信息软件中,进行三维模型分析,挖掘更多的三维数据的价值。研究结果表明,BIM-GIS结合在解决建筑行业问题方面具有巨大的潜力。通过整合BIM模型和地理信息,可获得全面、准确的建筑模型,包括几何属性、构件信息、时间进度和成本数据等。通过三维模型分析,能够更好地理解建筑物在地理空间中的相互关系和影响。在建筑物运维阶段,我们能够实时监测和预测建筑物状态,并提供有效的决策支持,这种结合为建筑行业带来了更多的机遇和发展空间。

GIS与层次分析法结合的危险品车辆停车场选址——以苏州市为例

为更好实现危险品车辆停车场的科学选址布局,提升危险品道路运输安全,考虑危险品车辆本身的危险属性会增大选址因素的复杂性和多样性,提出GIS与层次分析法结合的危险品车辆停车场选址方法。首先,根据危险品车辆GPS轨迹数据对研究区域停车泊位需求进行预测,使用层次分析法确定停车场选址影响因子权重,并按重分类加权叠加;然后,根据综合适宜性评分值、禁止建设区域、面积过小等约束条件,筛选出停车场初始位置;最后,通过位置分配模型结合城市道路网络,确定危险品车辆停车场的位置和数量,实现对危险品车辆停车场选址的优化。以苏州市危险品车辆停车场选址为列,选址结果不仅验证该选址方法的实用性,还能为危险品车辆停车场选址提供新思路。

基于GIS空间分析方法的装配式构件厂选址研究

在装配式建筑的大力推广下,装配式建筑的造价高于传统现浇式建筑方式这一现实因素却在一定程度上阻碍装配式建筑发展,而主要原因在于构件运输阶段的预制构件的运输费用较高,相比于一般物流运输的物品,装配式建筑的预制构件的运输费用较高,且构件的体积大、单位运输费用高、运输量多。合理的生产基地选址不仅能够节省建设投资,而且能够协调供应链各个环节的发展,从而进一步减少构件运输费用,提高构件运输的效率。该文探讨利用地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析和模糊综合评价的优势,并综合考量地理位置、交通基础设施、资源分布和环境容量等多种因素,旨在为工厂选址提供全面、科学的指导。

基于GIS分析的广西北部湾城市群城市经济联系及时空演变研究

本文以广西北部湾城市群6个城市为研究对象,采用城市流强度模型,结合GIS可视化技术,具体研究北部湾城市群经济联系的时空格局和影响因素。研究结论:(1)在时间格局演变上,2011—2020年广西北部湾城市群6个城市的城市流强度呈上升趋势,城市之间的经济联系日益紧密,经济辐射强度和空间集聚能力不断加强,但城市群整体发展不协调;(2)在空间格局演变上,广西北部湾城市群东部城市发展水平相对较高,西部城市交通通达度较低,逐步形成“东高西低”的空间格局。

基于GIS技术的房地产区位价值评价分析研究

地理空间位置能够对房地产区位价值产生较大影响,对地理空间位置的优劣及其对房地产区位价值影响程度进行综合分析,以GIS技术为基础,分别对地理空间位置的商业服务繁华程度、城市交通通达度、周边生活设施完善程度、景点景观以及环境质量进行分析评价,利用GIS技术多类型海量数据处理及空间分析能力,将各类评价因子对区域房地产区位价值的影响进行可视化呈现,并进行量化分析,形成房地产区位价值分析成果,直观展示研究区房地产区位价值空间分布,为城市建设规划设计以及购房消费者提供较为可靠的房地产区位价值数据支撑,对城市房地产资源的开发具有较强的指导意义。

GIS技术在景观视觉分析中的应用

探索应用地理信息系统空间分析技术,通过三维数字高程模型修正模拟规划在建大型建筑群的"地形"表面,并对观察点和目标点之间视觉的通视、可视域分析,采用定性和定量相结合的方法,形象直观分析评价未来重庆科技馆的景观视觉效果。

三维GIS关键技术的研究

主要从三维GIS的特点、三维GIS的可视化、三维GIS的数据结构与数据模型、三维GIS的空间分析等几方面所涉及的技术进行了总结和研究,最后指出了存在的当务之急需要解决的问题。

基于ArcGIS Engine的三维地理信息软件设计与应用

分析了ArcGIS Engine组件在三维开发和应用方面的优势,并利用ArcGIS Engine开发了山西沁水地区三维地理信息系统软件,为政府部门提供一个现代化的日常管理决策工具.结果表明,ArcGIS Engine能够较好地实现大范围地区海量数据的可视化显示及三维查询分析,在应用和技术上都取得了较好的突破.

基于GIS的建设用地适宜性和后备资源潜力评价

为协调生态环境保护与经济社会发展的关系,促进土地资源可持续利用,以都匀市2010年和2020年两期遥感影像作为数据源,经遥感影像解译生成两期土地利用数据,从自然环境和社会经济因素选定评价因子,构建建设用地适宜性评价指标体系。运用斑块生成土地利用模拟(PLUS)模型确定指标权重,利用地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析对建设用地适宜性和后备资源潜力进行评价研究。结果表明:适宜区、较适宜区、一般适宜区、欠适宜区和不适宜区分别占研究区土地总面积5.84%、15.76%、24.09%、28.89%、25.43%,适宜性等级以不适宜区为主;在空间分布上,适宜区分布在老城区中心区、匀东经济开发区中心区、甘塘工业园区的中心区和各乡镇的政府驻地,欠适宜区和不适宜区分布在高程较高、坡度较大,林地、草地集中分布的山区;后备适宜建设用地面积为61 982.1 hm^(2),适宜区、较适宜区、一般适宜区分别占后备适宜建设用地面积10.34%、34.6%、55.04%;适宜区规模最小,是城市未来发展的主要方向;建设用地适宜性等级的空间分布与研究区2020年土地利用现状实际分布相符,对区域的规划建设用地工作具有参考意义。

GIS技术在智慧城市建设中的应用要点

地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)技术通过信息系统及实地的地理数据勘察来准确生成城市的地理模型,从而帮助智慧城市建设过程中能够进行土地资源、环境资源、交通资源等的有效管理,为有效展开城市规划建设提供决策和管理的数据服务。以GIS技术作为研究对象,分析了GIS技术在智慧城市建设项目中的应用状况,介绍了GIS技术的应用优势,列举多项核心应用场景,详细阐述了GIS技术在智慧城市建设过程中的应用要点。旨在推动GIS技术与智慧城市建设体系深度融合,从而合理、科学地分配城市土地资源,达到智慧城市的建设目的。

GIS支持下的盆地古构造再造——以松辽盆地北部古中央隆起带为例

再造地质历史时期盆地的古格局构造对于盆地构造演化史研究和油气运移路径模拟具有重要意义 .将地理信息系统与盆地分析方法融合开展了松辽盆地北部古中央隆起带古构造演化史研究 ,阐述了在GIS支持下开展盆地古构造演化研究的原理和方法 ,再造了古中央隆起带的古构造格局 ,简要分析了古中央隆起带的古构造演化史 .分析表明 ,古中央隆起带于火石岭—营城期开始发育 ,登楼库期定型 ,泉头期开始萎缩 ,姚家期末停止发育 ,从油气主运移期与构造形成期的配套关系考虑 ,古中央隆起带是深层天然气聚集的有利场所 .

GIS在开采沉陷领域应用及与专业模型的结合

GIS在开采沉陷领域的应用可从数据与信息管理、基本空间分析、GIS与专业模型结合、空间决策支持系统建立四个层次进行。GIS与专业模型结合是目前最主要的应用方式 ,其实现方法包括基于数据传输的松散式结合、基于共同用户界面的表面无缝结合、内嵌式结合等 ,基于组件开发技术实现二者结合的方法最具前景 ,符合当前GIS发展的趋势。实践证明 。