Using a GIS Tool to Map the Spatial Distribution ofPopulation for 2010 in the State of Mexico, Mexico

The present document describes the experience of using a Geography Information System (GIS) tool to map the spatial distribution of the population of the State of Mexico, Mexico, for 2010. Prior to the development of the experience, dif- ferent projects, tools and products, which offered cartographic representations of the population, were presented, se- lecting one that was developed to function in Idrisi Taiga GIS. Likewise, the GIS tool and the process followed to apply it to a case study in the State of Mexico are described. The result is a raster image that shows the distribution of the population on the analyzed state, offering the possibility to identify the zones where the population concentrates and disperses and to produce an opinion from a geographic point of view on what the origin of these distribution patterns is. Among the conclusions from the analysis of results, distinguishable are the applications that the obtained image can have;for instance, the population can be estimated by basins or risk zones by only adding the values of the cells inside these zones. It is also concluded that the degree of detail expressed by the spatial distribution image of the population will depend on several factors, among them the scale and resolution of the input information and the resolution fixed for the output information.

Spatial Morphology Evolution Characteristics Analysis of the Resident Population Distribution in Henan, China

The population spatial distribution pattern and its evolving pattern play an important role in regional allocation of social resources and production factors, formulation of regional development plans, construction of a better life society, and promotion of regional economic development. Based on the resident population statistics data of Henan province from 2006 to 2021, with county as the basic study unit, the paper studies the spatial morphology characteristics and its evolution patterns of resident population distribution, by using spatial analysis methods such as population distribution center, standard deviation ellipse, and spatial auto correlation analysis. The results show that: the resident population spatial distribution shows unbalanced state, the population agglomeration areas mainly distribute in the northeast part and north part, where the resident population growth rate is significantly higher than other regions, over time, this trend is gradually becoming significant. The resident population distribution has a trend of centripetal concentration, with the degree and trend of centripetal gradually strengthening. The resident population distribution has obvious directional characteristics, but the significance is not high, the weighted resident population average center is approximately located at (4.13740˚N, 113.8935˚E), and the azimuth of the distribution axis is approximately 11.19˚. The population distribution has obvious agglomeration characteristics, with the built-up areas of Zhengzhou and Luoyang as their centers, where have a significant siphon effect on the surrounding population. The southern and southwestern regions in the province form a relatively stable belt area of Low-Low agglomeration areas.

Patterns of change in the population and spatial distribution of oriental white storks (Ciconia boyciana) wintering in Poyang Lake

Using total counts in simultaneous annual surveys, we monitored the population size and spatial distribution of oriental white storks （Ciconia boyciana） wintering in Poyang Lake between 1998 and 2011. Results showed that Poyang Lake wetland is an important wintering ground for oriental white storks, with an annual average population number of 2 305＋326. The population sizes in 2004, 2005, 2010, and 2011 were higher than the highest-ever estimate of its global population. In 2005, we recorded 3 789 individuals, which was the maximum population number within the period of 1998-2011. The storks inhabited 52 lakes, with the greatest distance between these lakes being 180.3 km. The storks presented a clustered distribution pattern in the Poyang Lake wetland, irrespective of the number of individuals or occurrence frequencies. Shahu, Dahuchi, Banghu, and Hanchihu were most frequently used lakes and had the largest annual average numbers of storks. There was a significant positive correlation between occurrence frequency and annual average number of storks in the lakes. Most of the lakes important for storks were covered by existing nature reserves, though some lakes outside the reserves were also frequently used. About 64.9%＋ 5.5% of the storks were found in nature reserves. In addition, the storks more frequently used and clumped in significantly larger flocks in lakes within nature reserves than lakes outside.

Population Spatial Distribution Based on Luojia 1-01 Nighttime Light Image:A Case Study of Beijing

With the continuous development of urbanization in China,the country’s growing population brings great challenges to urban development.By mastering the refined population spatial distribution in administrative units,the quantity and agglomeration of population distribution can be estimated and visualized.It will provide a basis for a more rational urban planning.This paper takes Beijing as the research area and uses a new Luojia1-01 nighttime light image with high resolution,land use type data,Points of Interest(POI)data,and other data to construct the population spatial index system,establishing the index weight based on the principal component analysis.The comprehensive weight value of population distribution in the study area was then used to calculate the street population distribution of Beijing in 2018.Then the population spatial distribution was visualize using GIS technology.After accuracy assessments by comparing the result with the WorldPop data,the accuracy has reached 0.74.The proposed method was validated as a qualified method to generate population spatial maps.By contrast of local areas,Luojia 1-01 data is more suitable for population distribution estimation than the NPP/VIIRS(Net Primary Productivity/Visible infrared Imaging Radiometer)nighttime light data.More geospatial big data and mathematical models can be combined to create more accurate population maps in the future.

Exploring Urban Population Forecasting and Spatial Distribution Modeling with Artificial Intelligence Technology

The high precision population forecasting and spatial distribution modeling are very important for the theory and application of population sociology,city planning and Geo-Informatics.However,the two problems need to be solved for providing the high precision population information.One is how to improve the population forecasting precision of small area(e.g.,street scale);another is how to improve the spatial resolution of urban population distribution model.To solve the two problems,some new methods are proposed in this contribution.(1)To improve the precision of small area population forecasting,a new method is developed based on the fade factor and the slide window.(2)To improve the spatial resolution of urban population distribution model,a new method is proposed based on the land classification,public facility information and the artificial intelligence technology.For validation of the proposed methods,the real population data of 15 streets in Xicheng district,Beijing,China from 2010 to 2016,the remote sensing images and the public facility data are collected and used.A number of experiments are performed.The results show that the spatial resolution of proposed model reaches 30m*30m and the forecasting precision is better than 5%using the proposed method to forecast the population of 15 streets in Xicheng district in the next four years.

A GIS-based approach for estimating spatial distribution of seasonal temperature in Zhejiang Province, China

This paper presents a Zhejiang Province southeastern China seasonal temperature model based on GIS techniques. Terrain variables derived from the 1 km resolution DEM are used as predictors of seasonal temperature, using a regression-based approach. Variables used for modelling include: longitude, latitude, elevation, distance from the nearest coast, direction to the nearest coast, slope, aspect, and the ratio of land to sea within given radii. Seasonal temperature data, for the observation period 1971 to 2000, were obtained from 59 meteorological stations. Temperature data from 52 meteorological stations were used to construct the regression model. Data from the other 7 stations were retained for model validation. Seasonal temperature surfaces were constructed using the regression equations, and refined by kriging the residuals from the regression model and subtracting the result from the predicted surface. Latitude, elevation and distance from the sea are found to be the most important predictors of local seasonal temperature. Validation determined that regression plus kriging predicts seasonal temperature with a coefficient of determination (R2), between the estimated and observed values, of 0.757 (autumn) and 0.935 (winter). A simple regression model without kriging yields less accurate results in all seasons except for the autumn temperature.

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Characteristic Towns in Jiangxi Province Based on GIS

Taking 66 characteristic towns in Jiangxi Province as sample data,this study divided these characteristic towns into three categories:ecotourism type,historic culture type,and characteristic industry type according to the nature of development,and analyzed their spatial distribution characteristics with the help of methods of quantitative geography and GIS spatial analysis.The research showed that:(1) the spatial distribution of characteristic towns in Jiangxi Province was concentrated;(2) from the perspective of city scale,the distribution of characteristic towns was concentrated and uneven;(3) there were two high-density gathering areas of Jiujiang and Yingtan and three secondary dense areas of Xinyu,Ganzhou,and Pingxiang;(4) the construction of various characteristic towns was highly correlated with regional economic development scale and population density.

Study on Simulating Spatial Distribution and Varying Patterns of Urumqi’s Population

In this paper, an approach to simulate the spatial dis- tribution of urban population is proposed using urban land use and population statistical data through the geographical information systems (GIS). Then, the spatial population distribution of Urumqi as a case is simulated by the approach mentioned above and its varying patterns are analyzed by the raster population surface. As a result, producing raster population surface is more accurate and natural than the traditional choropleth map of population density. Concerning the spatial population distribution of Urumqi, the population density declines from south to north and the population distribution mainly presents "T-type", the population distribution presents multi-centre agglomeration and the population distribu- tion of the districts shows different features. The population den- sity varies significantly with the increase in the distance from central business district (CBD). Finally, it is found in this paper that the development history of districts, terrain and traffic road are main factors that have an influence Urumqi’s population dis- tribution. This paper tries to provide more accurate population data for the plan and management of urban land, traffic and public facilities in order to enrich the researches on urban population distribution.

An Analysis on the Spatial Distribution of Population Aging Pressure in China

Based on comprehensive analysis of the impact of population aging to social and economic development,a comprehensive evaluation system including 18 indexes was constructed for evaluating regional pressure of population aging on social and economic development.Using statistics data of 31 regions in China from 2004 to 2008,the pressure of population aging on social and economic development,was comprehensively evaluated by using the factor analysis method.The spatial distribution of population aging in China was also analyzed.This study is to provide scientific basis for government to make strategies of coping with population aging according to regional pressure of population aging on social and economic development in China.

Freely accessible inventory and spatial distribution of large-scale landslides in Xianyang City,Shaanxi Province,China

In this study, we used high-resolution optical satellite images on the Google Earth platform to map large-scale landslides in Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, China. After mapping, a comprehensive and detailed large-scale landslide inventory that contains 2 924 large-scale landslides was obtained. We analyzed the spatial distribu-tion of landslides with seven influencing factors, including elevation, slope angle, aspect, curvature, lithology, distance to a river, and distance to the fault. Landslide Number, Landslide Area, Landslide Number Density(LND), and Landslide Area Percentage(LAP) were selected as indexes for the spatial distribution analysis. The results show that the number and area of landslides in the elevation range of 1 000–1 200 m is the highest. The highest number of landslides was observed in the slope angle of 25°–30°. North-facing slopes are prone to sliding. The area and number of landslides are the largest when the slope curvature ranges from-1.28 to 0. The LND and LAP reach their maxima when the slope curvature is less than-2.56. Areas covered by the Tertiary stratum with weakened fine-grained sandstone and siltstone show the highest LND and LAP values. Regarding distance to a river, the LAP peaks in the range of 300–600 m, whereas the LND peaks in an area larger than 2100 m. The values of LND and LNP rise as the distance from the faults increases, except for the locations 30 km away from active faults. This phenomenon is because active faults in this area pass through the plain areas, while landslides mostly occur in mountainous areas. The cataloging of landslide development in Xianyang City provides a significant scientific foundation for future research on landslides. In addition, the spatial distribution results are useful for landslide hazard prevention decisions and provide valuable references in this area.

Spatial Coupling Relationship and Driving Mechanism of Population and Economy in Rural Areas in Qinling-Daba Mountains,China

Addressing the issue of the healthy and coordinated development of the population and economic factors in rural areas will not only help consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation,but will also lay a foundation for comprehensive rural revitalization.In this paper,the spatial coupling relationship between the population and economic factors in rural areas in the QinlingDaba Mountains,China,is explored to provide a reference for rural revitalization and regional sustainable development in poverty areas.Sixty-eight county units in rural areas in the Qinling-Daba Mountains,as well as the population and economic factors in rural areas,are used to study the spatial coupling relationship between population and economy,as well as the driving mechanism,in rural areas in the Qinling-Daba Mountains from 2010 to 2020.The results show that a population contraction phenomenon occurred in the rural areas in the Qinling-Daba Mountains,and the spatial agglomeration trends of the population and economic factors were consistent.The agglomeration was mainly located in the suburban areas of the municipal area,and the agglomeration degree was significantly higher in these areas than in other areas.In terms of the spatial distribution,the economic development level of the rural areas in the northeastern part of the Qinling-Daba Mountains was generally higher than that in the central and western parts,and the unbalanced trends of the population and economic spatial differentiation in the eastern and western regions were significant.The spatial coupling relationship between the population and economy changed from coordinated development to economic advancement.This was mainly due to the mutual restriction and joint actions of the industrial structure,capital situation,natural environment,policies,and institutional regulations,among which the industrial structure and capital status had significant effects.

基于GIS的土壤墒情信息采集与监测系统

文章详细描述一个由微控制器建立的农田土壤墒情监测系统,该系统主要包括STM8S系列微控制器、土壤湿度传感器、DS18B20温度传感器、4G网络模块、北斗导航模块以及环境传感器等部分,能够实时收集农田土壤和空气的温湿度以及大气压力数据。该系统通过网络模块将收集的传感器信息传输至服务器,并用北斗系统对采集地点进行卫星定位。通过GIS软件,系统能实时追踪土壤湿度状况,并构造出土壤墒情的空间分布图。农户可通过手机APP实时查看土壤墒情信息,并通过APP的数据分析来确定农田的供给情况,并做出反应。经过实际测试,该系统操作简洁、性能稳定,可以帮助农户管理农田。

Research on the Variation of Population Distribution and Its Characteristics Based on Spatial Autocorrelation Method: A Case Study of Poyang Lake Region in Jiangxi Province

According to Statistical Yearbook of Jiangxi Province(2001～2006),We analyze the time-space variation of population distribution of Poyang Lake region from the two points of view.The former is quality of population,which involves culture structure,occupational structure,age structure and sex structure of population.The latter is quantity of population,which only involves the amount of population.Furthermore,we can reveal the internal relations and action mechanism of variation of population distribution by analyzing the regional economic development,population urbanization,land use and ecological landscape of Poyang Lake region.It is important to provide help for region planning,ecological landscape planning and environmental protection by correct understanding the man-land relationship of natural-human ecosystem in Poyang Lake region.

基于GIS的地下水质疏水性污染地理空间分布研究

地下水质疏水性污染涉及多种污染物,如重金属、有机物和微生物等,其迁移、转化和积累过程具有复杂性和多样性。为了制定地下水治理策略,提出基于GIS的地下水质疏水性污染地理空间分布研究方法。介绍研究区域以及土壤和地下水的采样测定方法;建立疏水性污染物的迁移模型,获得水性污染特征,并采用GIS技术绘制疏水性污染元素的地理空间分布图;结合单因子污染指数与潜在生态风险指数分析风险分布特征,完成污染地理空间分布研究。结果表明,研究区域内富集了多种疏水性重金属,主要以Zn和Cu为主,疏水性污染重金属的空间分布较为相似。

GIS空间数据支持下配网拓扑结构优化方法研究

针对传统配网拓扑结构故障率高、执行时间长等不足,为了提高配网结构稳定性与执行速率,研究一种基于GIS空间数据的配网拓扑结构优化方法。采集配网设备线路实际空间位置与电气性能参数,转化为GIS空间结构数据,构建GIS空间数据配网模型。基于k-means算法对配网数据进行聚类,提取优化数据集进行区域划分,利用最小路径法缩短配网执行结构,根据配网负荷分布对覆盖区域等效拓扑结构进行简化,精准改进配网拓扑结构的负荷性能,降低配网结构运行故障率。通过实验证明,经过GIS空间数据优化后的配网综合故障率降低到7%,单位执行步数低于2000步,执行时间比传统结构提高了近90%,使优化后的偏位拓扑结构更加稳定,执行效率更高。

基于GIS系统的贵州省生态体育公园空间分布特征与影响因素分析

生态体育公园将体育与生态环境有机融合,是促进人们身心健康发展的重要场所。本文运用GIS系统,采用最邻近点指数、核密度估算、不均衡指数及地理集中指数等指标,对贵州省生态体育公园空间分布与影响因素进行研究。结果发现:(1)贵州省生态体育公园空间分布呈现出“中间密,四周疏”的不均衡特征;(2)贵州省生态体育公园空间分布受政策、人口、经济、环境和交通因素影响。建议:(1)发挥相关政策文件的导向作用,为生态体育公园建设提供坚实保障;(2)分析地区人口交通的分布特点,科学规划生态体育公园选址和数量;(3)激发生态体育产业的鲜活动力,有效推动经济与体育产业共同发展;(4)创新生态体育公园的开发形式,实现生态环境与体育公园有机融合;(5)完善生态体育公园服务和设施,满足群众多元化体育休闲健身需求。

基于GIS的北京市传统村落的空间分布特征及其影响因素

该文以北京市44个传统村落作为研究对象,利用GIS技术与计量地理方法,分别从北京市传统村落空间分布类型、集中程度、均衡程度以及分布密度4个方面出发,总结北京市传统村落空间分布特征,并对其影响因素进行分析。研究表明:北京市传统村落的空间分布表现为凝聚型,其空间分布格局上呈现“一核三次—周边分散”的布局特征,且在行政区内集中程度较高,有88.64%的传统村落集中分布在门头沟区、密云区、昌平区、延庆区与房山区这5个行政区内;封闭险要的地形环境、丰富的水源以及相对落后的社会经济发展水平等因素,为传统村落的保存提供了重要条件,成为影响北京市传统村落分布的重要因素。通过以上研究,可为北京市乃至全国的传统村落保护与合理发展提供新颖理论与思路。

基于AHP-GIS的国家登山健身步道选址规划影响因素分析

在“全民健身”的时代背景下,登山健身步道作为集健身功能、景观功能、经济效益功能于一身的健身场地设施,其发展建设必然是我国体育行业发展的重要组成部分。为了更加科学地进行国家登山健身步道的选址规划,基于GIS手段对2009年到2020年间建成的30条国家登山健身步道进行选址特征研究,结果显示这30条健身步道在全国范围内为集聚型分布、分布极其不均衡,形成了一个以浙江省为中心的高密度区。运用层次分析法和专家打分法对选址规划的影响因素进行探究,得出一级指标权重由大到小排列为经济发展人口规模>自然环境>人文环境。二级指标权重由大到小排列为城市第三产业增加值>城市人均可支配收入>城市体育人口比例>城市人口密度>城市常住人口数>周边景区公园数>城市人均GDP>历史文化遗址个数>少数民族个数>海拔高低>坡度大小>红色文化遗址个数。可在本研究的基础上对后续国家登山健身步道的选址,提供适宜性分析,避免造成不必要的资源浪费。

Relief degree of land surface and its influence on population distribution in China

The relief degree of land surface （RDLS） is an important factor for describing the landform at macro-scales. This study defines a concept for RDLS and applies the concept for population distribution study of the entire country. Based on the concept and macro-scale digital elevation model datum and ARC/INFO software, the RDLS at a 10 km×10 km grid size of China is extracted. This paper depicts systemically the spatial distributions of RDLS through analyzing the ratio structure and altitudinal characters of RDLS in China. The conclusions are drawn as follows： the RDLS in more than 63% of the area is less than one （1） （relative altitude is less than 500 m）, reflecting the fact that most of RDLS in China is low. In general, the RDLS in the west is larger than that in the east and so is the south than that of the north in China. The RDLS decreases with the increase of longitude and latitude and the change of RDLS at the latitudes of 28°N, 35°N, 42°N, as well as at the longitudes of 85°E, 102°E, 115°E could reflect the three major ladders of China. In the vertical direction, the RDLS increases with the increase of altitude. Analysis of the correlation between RDLS and population distribution in China and its regional difference shows that the R2 value between RDLS and population density is 0.91 and RDLS is an important factor influencing the spatial distribution of population. More than 85% of the people in China live in areas where the RDLS is less than one （1）, while the population in areas with RDLS greater than 3 accounts only for 0.57% of the total. The regional difference of correlation between RDLS and population within China is significant and such correlation is significant in Central China and South China and weak in Inner Mongolia and Tibet.

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Evolution Trends of Urban Aging Population

This paper selects Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Wuhan as examples and builds a database based on the statistics of the ? fth and sixth national population censuses and the latest statistics of aging population collected by ministries and commissions of the Central Government and local departments, as well as by our research team from 2000 to 2010. With its data unit accurate to Jiedao~① level, it is the ? rst time to analyze the micro-level spatial distribution characteristics of the aging population in China's mega cities in comparison with research accomplishments in geography, which lays a foundation for further relevant studies and strategy formulation. The paper draws spatial distribution maps of the aging population in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Wuhan by Geograpic Information System(GIS), and uses Aging Degree Index and Population Gravitational Center respectively to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and spatial evolution trends of aging population in these mega cities. The research indicates that, on the one hand, the spatial distribution of the aging population shows similar characteristics with that of developed countries when they were at the same urbanization level, especially with Japan which shares a cultural homology with China; on the other hand, it is greatly in? uenced by the distribution of af? liated residential space of large industrial sectors, enterprises, and research institutes under the early planned economic system. There are two trends: one is centrifugal spread, namely, the elderly are moving from the city center to the outside; the other is centripetal concentration, namely, the elderly who lived in the outer suburbs are moving towards the city center. These phenomena, such as centripetal concentration, suburban spread, exurban concentration, and socio-spatial differentiation of urban aging population, are driven by selective development in the city center, city function upgrading, re-hollowing of villages, and occupation and income differentiation of the elderly before retirement.