Second-order difference scheme for a nonlinear model of wood drying process

A numerical simulation for a model of wood drying process is considered. The model is given by a couple of nonlinear differential equations. One is a nonlinear parabolic equation and the other one is a nonlinear ordinary equation. A difference scheme is derived by the method of reduction of order. First, a new variable is introduced and the original problem is rewritten into a system of the first-order differential equations. Secondly, a difference scheme is constructed for the later problem. The solvability, stability and convergence of the difference scheme are proved by the energy method. The convergence order of the difference scheme is secondorder both in time and in space. A prior error estimate is put forward. The new variable is put aside to reduce the computational cost. A numerical example testifies the theoretical result.

AN IMPROVED SEMI-IMPLICIT TIME DIFFERENCE SCHEME OF SPECTRAL MODEL AND NUMERICAL APPLICATIONS

In fact,the popular semi-implicit time difference scheme of spectral model still includes some important linear terms using time explicit difference scheme,and the major terms are directly related to fast internal-and external-gravity waves in the atmospheric forecasting equation. Additionally,due to using time difference on two terms at different time.the popular scheme artificially introduces unbalance between pressure gradient force and Coriolis force terms while numerically computing their small difference between large quantities.According to the computational stability analysis conducted to the linear term time difference scheme in simple harmonic motion equation,one improved semi-implicit time difference scheme is also designed in our study.By adopting a kind of revised time-explicit-difference scheme to these linear terms that still included in spectral model governing equations,the defect of spectral model which only partly using semi-implicit integrating scheme can be overcome effectively.Moreover,besides all spectral coefficients of prognostic equations,especially of Helmholtz divergence equation,can be worked out without any numerical iteration,the time-step (computation stability) can also be enlarged (enhanced) by properly introducing an adjustable coefficient.

Combinations of nonstandard finite difference schemes and composition methods with complex time steps for population models

We propose an efficient numerical method for two population models, based on the nonstandard finite difference （NSFD） schemes and composition methods with complex time steps. The NSFD scheme is able to give positive numerical solutions that satisfy the conservation law, which is a key property for biological population models. The accuracy is improved by using the composition methods with complex time steps. Numerical tests on the plankton nutrient model and whooping cough model are presented to show the efficiency and advantage of the proposed numerical method.

A Numerical Simulation of Air Flow in the Human Respiratory System Based on Lung Model

The lung is an important organ that takes part in the gas exchange process. In the study of gas transport and exchange in the human respiratory system, the complicated process of advection and diffusion (AD) in airways of human lungs is considered. The basis of a lumped parameter model or a transport equation is modeled during the inspiration process, when oxygen enters into the human lung channel. The quantitative measurements of oxygen are detached and the model equation is solved numerically by explicit finite difference schemes. Numerical simulations were made for natural breathing conditions or normal breathing conditions. The respiratory flow results for the resting conditions are found strongly dependent on the AD effect with some contribution of the unsteadiness effect. The contour of the flow rate region is labeled and AD effects are compared with the variation of small intervals of time for a constant velocity when breathing is interrupted for a negligible moment.

ON LINEARIZED FINITE DIFFERENCE SIMULATION FOR THE MODEL OF NUCLEAR REACTOR DYNAMICS

The model of nuclear reactor dynamics is an initial-boundary value problems of a cou- pled nonlinear integrodifferential equation system of one ordinary differential equation and one par-- tial differential equation. In this this,paper,a linearized difference scheme is derived by the method of reduction of order.It is proved that the scheme is uniquely solvable and unconditionally convergent with the convergence rate of order two both in discrete H1norm and in discrete maxinum narm,and one needs only to solve a tridiagonal system of linear algebraic equations at each time lev- el.The method of reduction of order is an indirect constructing-difference-scheme method,which aim is for the analysis of solvablity and convergence of the constructed difference scheme.

Two finite difference schemes for the phase field crystal equation

The phase field crystal(PFC) model is a nonlinear evolutionary equation that is of sixth order in space.In the first part of this work,we derive a three level linearized difference scheme,which is then proved to be energy stable,uniquely solvable and second order convergent in L_2 norm by the energy method combining with the inductive method.In the second part of the work,we analyze the unique solvability and convergence of a two level nonlinear difference scheme,which was developed by Zhang et al.in 2013.Some numerical results with comparisons are provided.

On a new fractional-order Logistic model with feedback control

In this paper,we formulate and analyze a new fractional-order Logistic model with feedback control,which is different from a recognized mathematical model proposed in our very recent work.Asymptotic stability of the proposed model and its numerical solutions are studied rigorously.By using the Lyapunov direct method for fractional dynamical systems and a suitable Lyapunov function,we show that a unique positive equilibrium point of the new model is asymptotically stable.As an important consequence of this,we obtain a new mathematical model in which the feedback control variables only change the position of the unique positive equilibrium point of the original model but retain its asymptotic stability.Furthermore,we construct unconditionally positive nonstandard finite difference(NSFD)schemes for the proposed model using the Mickens’methodology.It is worth noting that the constructed NSFD schemes not only preserve the positivity but also provide reliable numerical solutions that correctly reflect the dynamics of the new fractional-order model.Finally,we report some numerical examples to support and illustrate the theoretical results.The results indicate that there is a good agreement between the theoretical results and numerical ones.

A LAYERED NUMERICAL MODEL FOR SIMULATING THE GENERATION AND PROPAGAYION OF INTERNAL TIDES OVER CONTINENTAL SLOPE Ⅰ.MODEL DESIGN

A layered three-dimensional noalinear numerical model was constructed to simulate the generation and propagation of interanal tides over the continental slope. The simulation was split into external mode computation (EMC) and internal mode computation (IMC) to minimize the computational load.IMC was carried out once afte EMC was implemented N time. As to EMC, a semi-implicit numerical scheme was applied in such a way that the pressure gradient terms and the velocity divergence terms were discretized semi-implicitly, but the other terms were discretized explicitly. Eulerian-Lagrangian explicit discretization are applied to the convective terms simultaneously. As a result, the stability of EMC did not depend on the wave celerity and time step was not limited by the CFL condition. More than that, use of the conjugate gradient accelerated Jacobi method further improved the computational efficiency of the model.

Non-equal-interval direct optimizing Verhulst model that x(n) be taken as initial value and its application

To overcome the deficiencies of the existing Verhulst GM(1,1) model, based on the existing grey theory, a non-equal-interval direct optimum Verhulst GM(1,1) model is built which chooses a modified n-th component x(n) of X(0) as the starting condition of the grey differential model. It optimizes a modified β value and the background value, and takes two times fitting optimization. The new model extends equal intervals to non-equal-intervals and is suitable for general data modelling and estimating parameters of the direct Verhulst GM(1,1). The new model does not need to pre-process the primitive data, nor accumulate generating operation (AGO) and inverse accumulated generating operation (IAGO). It is not only suitable for equal interval data modelling, but also for non-equal interval data modelling. As the new information is fully used and two times fitting optimization is taken, the fitting accuracy is the highest in all existing models. The example shows that the new model is simple and practical. The new model is worth expanding on and applying in data processing or on-line monitoring for tests, social sciences and other engineering sciences.

A Fast Algorithm for GVF Snake Model

A research on difference scheme of image gravitational field in the GVF snake model is performed depending on the uniform stability and convergence conditions of the difference scheme.It is found that the original explicit forward difference scheme puts a strict restriction on the diffusion coefficient in the partial differential equation which decelerates the convergence speed of difference equation iteration.A new difference scheme is put forward,which has the advantage of unconditional uniform stability and convergence,and the restriction on the coefficient of partial differential equation is removed.Through increasing the value of the coefficient appropriately,the image of boundary information transmission becomes faster.Hence,iteration calculations are decreased rapidly for a given transmission range.The simulation experiments indicate that the new difference scheme be higher efficiency than the traditional one.

Square-Root Dynamics of a SIR-Model in Fractional Order

In this paper, we consider an SIR-model for which the interaction term is the square root of the susceptible and infected individuals in the form of fractional order differential equations. First the non-negative solution of the model in fractional order is presented. Then the local stability analysis of the model in fractional order is discussed. Finally, the general solutions are presented and a discrete-time finite difference scheme is constructed using the nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) method. A comparative study of the classical Runge-Kutta method and ODE45 is presented in the case of integer order derivatives. The solutions obtained are presented graphically.

Stability Analysis for a Discrete SIR Epidemic Model with Delay and General Nonlinear Incidence Function

In this paper, we construct a backward difference scheme for a class of SIR epidemic model with general incidence f . The step sizeτ used in our discretization is one. The dynamical properties are investigated (positivity and the boundedness of solution). By constructing the Lyapunov function, the general incidence function f must satisfy certain assumptions, under which, we establish the global stability of endemic equilibrium when R0 >1. The global stability of diseases-free equilibrium is also established when R0 ≤1. In addition we present numerical results of the continuous and discrete model of the different class according to the value of basic reproduction number R0.

Modeling the Dynamics of Malaria Transmission with Bed Net Protection Perspective

We propose and analyze an epidemiological model to evaluate the effectiveness of bed nets as a prophylactic measure in malaria-endemic areas. The main purpose in this work is the modeling of the aggressiveness of anopheles mosquitoes relative to the way humans use to protect themselves against bites of mosquitoes. This model is a system of several differential equations: the number of equations depends on the particular assumptions of the model. We compute the basic reproduction number, and show that if, the disease free equilibrium (DFE) is globally asymptotically stable on the non-negative orthant. If, the system admits a unique endemic equilibrium (EE) that is globally and asymptotically stable. Numerical simulations are presented corresponding to scenarios typical of malaria-endemic areas, based on data collected in the literature. Finally, we discuss the relative effectiveness of different kinds of bed nets.

基于遗传算法的GM(1,1,λ)模型

用差分格式将灰色模型 GM(1,1)模型推广为 GM(1,1,λ)模型 ,λ=0 .5即为 GM(1,1)模型 ;由于参数λ与误差之间存在明显的非线形特性 ,而且某些目标函数不可微 ,使得传统的优化方法无能为力 ,文中应用遗传算法求解最优的 λ值 ,然后进行预测 .由 λ的取值知 ,GM(1,1,λ)模型的预测精度一定比 GM(1,1)高 ,数值计算的结果也证实了这一点 .

适用于非静力大气模式的近似黎曼求解器应用研究

基于多矩非静力大气模式,开展了3类垂向近似黎曼求解器应用研究。多矩非静力大气模式具有高精度与数值守恒特性,其垂向采用守恒的有限差分格式进行数值离散,而网格单元边界通量计算是通过求解黎曼问题来实现的,因此采用合适的近似黎曼求解器对准确模拟非静力大气垂直运动显得十分关键。LLF(Local Lax-Friedrich)、LMARS(Low Mach Approximate Riemann Solver)和HLLC(Harten-Lax-van Leer Contact)为计算流体力学(CFD)中常用的3种近似黎曼求解器,它们的计算代价和复杂程度逐渐增加。一维标准数值试验表明:LLF计算最为经济,但具有较强的耗散;LMARS具有适用于大气流动的假设,对于数值粘性的控制较好且计算量不大;HLLC建立的三波模型可以避免对中间特征场的过度数值耗散。基于LLF近似黎曼求解器计算经济的特点,通过优化LLF近似黎曼求解器各特征波动的粘性系数,能够实现与LMARS、HLLC近似黎曼求解器相同的性能,且计算代价最小。二维非静力数值试验表明,优化的LLF近似黎曼求解器能够规避常规LLF近似黎曼求解器的数值耗散过大问题,正确模拟小尺度非静力垂直运动,达到更复杂的LMARS、HLLC近似黎曼求解器模拟效果且并未增加计算量,这为非静力大气数值模式提供了良好的参考价值。

GM(1,N)模型的离散化结构解

针对灰色系统GM(1,N)模型是以差分方程为基础进行参数估计的,而其时间响应函数却是由微分方程的解得到的。从差分方程到微分方程的跨越,缺乏充分的科学基础和理论依据。通过对灰色系统模型建模机理进行深入剖析,利用采样定理和状态转移矩阵在差分方程和微分方程之间架起一座桥梁,通过算例仿真实验证明了该算法的有效性。

灰色模型GM(1,1)在短期电力负荷预测中的应用

讨论了灰色模型GM (1,1)及其改进模型在短期电力负荷预测中的应用 ,提出了适合电网普通日及特殊日电力负荷预测的数据处理方法 ,提高了预测的精度。

一种新开发的ANCF缆索单元

为精确模拟系浮系统中系留缆索的动力学行为,应用绝对节点坐标公式(absolute nodal coordinate formulation,ANCF),开发一种新的ANCF缆索单元。该单元考虑了缆索的层级数目、各层材料的力学性能,并通过子域划分来更好地适应材料的层间差异。其中,利用Kelvin-Voigt模型来解释内芯层的黏弹性性质,而将改进后的Yeoh模型应用于护套层当中以更好地契合材料的超弹性性能。此外,设计一种具有隐式效果的差分格式对动力学微分方程组进行数值求解。最后,通过一系列静力学与动力学数值计算证明单元的精度与收敛特性,并对比几种应用不同超弹性模型的ANCF单元,证实应用改进的Yeoh模型的ANCF单元的合理性与优越性。

基于优化的灰色GM模型的滑坡预测

滑坡发生的时间预报是目前滑坡预报的关键方向之一,而滑坡预测模型的建立是滑坡时间预测的核心.由于滑坡的模糊性和灰色不确定性特点,采用灰色预测模型适用有效.本文在灰色系统理论的基础上,研究了灰色GM(1,1)的建模和精度检验过程,根据残差对模型进行了高阶优化.同时结合工程实例,选择了有效合理的监测数据,进行了滑坡临滑预报模型的研究,并将传统GM模型与优化GM模型的精度进行了对比,结果显示优化的GM模型预测精度大大提高.在灰色优化的GM(1,1)模型研究基础上,对临滑时间进行了预报,结果显示预测时间较早,可以起到提前预报作用.根据预测模型分析,提出了一些有益结论,供今后滑坡预报工作的参考.