Q690D多道次GMAW接头的组织和力学性能

在无预热和焊后热处理的条件下,采用熔化极气体保护焊(GMAW)和CHW-80C1实芯焊丝对20 mm厚Q690D热机械轧制钢板进行多道次焊接试验,分析该钢焊接接头的组织转变特征和冲击性能。结果表明,采用CHW-80C1焊丝可获得成型优良的焊接接头;Q690D各道次的焊缝组织相似,均由粒状贝氏体和少量的针状铁素体、先共析铁素体组成;热影响区由粒状贝氏体、针状铁素体、先共析铁素体及M-A组元组成。焊缝与细晶热影响区的冲击吸收功相对于母材的有一定幅度的下降,焊缝与细晶热影响区的断裂类型均为韧性断裂。

缆式焊丝GMAW焊缝截面侧偏行为机理分析

缆式焊丝熔化极气体保护电弧焊(gas metal arc welding,GMAW)中存在的焊缝截面侧偏现象会导致焊接接头熔合不良,基于熔滴受力分析和最小电压理论对焊缝截面侧偏现象的变化规律进行机理分析.结果表明,电流是影响截面侧偏的关键因素,由于缆式焊丝独特的绞合结构引起电弧旋转,进而导致出现熔滴受力不均的现象,熔滴过渡方向与焊丝轴线存在夹角,在熔滴冲击力的作用下导致焊缝截面出现侧偏现象,随着电流的增加,电弧对熔滴的拘束增强,熔滴过渡方向逐渐趋于轴线,因而焊缝截面侧偏的趋势随着电流增加而减小.

T型接头旋转激光+GMAW复合焊熔池动态行为数值分析模型

目的研究T型接头旋转光纤激光+GMAW复合焊熔池的温度场和流态特征,揭示气孔缺陷的产生及抑制机理。方法依据光学、电磁学、传热学及流体动力学机理,建立T型接头旋转光纤激光+GMAW复合焊熔池数值分析模型。使用Fluent软件对旋转频率分别为50 Hz和100 Hz的T型接头旋转激光+GMAW复合焊进行温度场以及流态特征的模拟,对比不同频率下T型接头横、纵截面,从工艺和焊缝成形角度出发,针对不同频率对熔池、小孔成形以及气孔抑制的影响进行讨论。结果当旋转频率为50 Hz时,纵截面内小孔最大深度为5.4 mm,横截面熔池内小孔开口直径相对较大,旋转一周后,小孔远离气泡,气泡无法逸出,形成气孔;当旋转频率为100 Hz时,纵截面内小孔深度显著降低,熔池体积明显减小,横截面内小孔最大开口直径和深度均降低,熔池尺寸也有所减小,在时间为0.097 s时,小孔上方区域出现的顺时针涡流不仅能抑制气孔,还能改善熔池的下垂以及立板焊趾处的咬边。结论随着旋转频率的增大,小孔的最大开口直径和深度均降低,还对熔池具有搅拌作用,使熔池体积变小。

高效多丝熔化极气体保护焊(GMAW)工艺的研究现状及进展

随着全球制造业竞争的日益激烈,我国提出了“中国制造2025”制造强国战略,其重点发展的十大领域中,与焊接技术密切相关的就高达八个,不仅极大地推动了焊接技术的革新发展,而且对焊接效率和质量均提出了更高的要求。由于熔化极气体保护焊(Gas metal arc welding,GMAW)易于实现自动化焊接,具有生产效率高、焊接质量好及位置适应性好等优点,所以广泛应用于机械制造业中。实现高效GMAW的主要途径有提高焊接速度以及焊接熔敷率。针对以上两种途径,国内外焊接工作者在双丝GMAW的基础上,引入了第三根甚至多根焊丝,研发了各种多丝GMAW工艺。本文针对国内外研发的各类多丝GMAW工艺进行了分析,重点介绍了多丝GMAW工艺的焊接原理、工艺特点及其应用,通过上述分析对各类多丝GMAW工艺进行归纳总结,并进一步展望了多丝焊接的发展方向,即多丝GMAW工艺亟需在电弧物理理论、设备开发和新焊材研发等方面展开深入的研究工作。

Welding Polarity Effects on Weld Spatters and Bead Geometry of Hyperbaric Dry GMAW

Welding polarity has influence on welding stability to some extent, but the specific relationship between welding polarity and weld quality has not been found, especially under the hyperbaric environment. Based on a hyperbaric dry welding experiment system, gas metal arc welding（GMAW） experiments with direct current electrode positive（DCEP） and direct current electrode negative（DCEN） operations are carried out under the ambient pressures of 0.1 MPa, 0.4 MPa, 0.7 MPa and 1.0 MPa to find the influence rule of different welding polarities on welding spatters and weld bead geometry. The effects of welding polarities on the weld bead geometry such as the reinforcement, the weld width and the penetration are discussed. The experimental results show that the welding spatters gradually grow in quantity and size for GMAW with DCEP, while GMAW with DCEN can produce fewer spatters comparatively with the increase of the ambient pressure. Compared with DCEP, the welding current and arc voltage waveforms for DCEN is more stable and the distribution of welding current probability density for DCEN is more concentrated under the hyperbaric environment. When the ambient pressure is increased from 0.1 MPa to 1.0 MPa, the effects of welding polarities on the reinforcement, the weld width and the penetration are as follows： an increase of 0.8 mm for the weld reinforcement is produced by GMAW with DCEN and 1.3 mm by GMAW with DCEP, a decrease of 7.2 mm for the weld width is produced by DCEN and 6.1 mm by DCEP; and an increase of 3.9 mm for the penetration is produced by DCEN and 1.9 mm by DCEP. The proposed research indicates that the desirable stability in the welding procedure can be achieved by GMAW with DCEN operation under the hyperbaric environment.

Effect of welding current and speed on occurrence of humping bead in high-speed GMAW

The developed mathematical model of humping formation mechanism in high-speed gas metal arc welding （GMAW） is used to analyze the effects of welding current and welding speed on the occurrence of humping bead. It considers both the momentum and heat content of backward flowing molten jet inside weld pool. Three-dimensional geometry of weld pool, the spacing between two adjacent humps and hump height along humping weld bead are calculated under different levels of welding current and welding speed. It shows that wire feeding rate, power intensity and the moment of backward flowing molten jet are the major factors on humping bead formation.

Metal transfer characteristics of tandem narrow gap GMAW for flat welding position

A series of experiments of tandem narrow gap GMAW for flat welding position were carried out. The arc behavior and metal transfer process were observed by a high-speed photography system. The effects of the welding parameters on the metal transfer were investigated. The results show that the arc behavior and metal transfer process of tandem narrow gap GMA W are different from these of bead-on-plate tandem GMA W. The arc behavior and metal transfer process are influenced by the distance between the two wires, the peak voltage, the pulse frequency and the peak time. With the increase of the distance between the two wires, the metal transfer mode gradually transforms from one pulse-multi droplets into one pulse-one droplet, and the average welding current increases. With the increase of the peak voltage, pulse frequency or peak time, the metal transfer mode transforms from one pulse-one droplet into one pulse-multi droplets, and the arc tends to occur between the wire and the sidewall.

基于深度学习的GMAW焊接缺陷在线监测

以轨道交通高速高铁司机室铝合金外板为载体,围绕智能焊接关键技术,针对焊接缺陷在线监测问题开展研究.借助工艺试验平台与焊接工艺卡开展焊接缺陷试验设计、批量数据采集、专家经验标定、数据库构建,采用卷积神经网络算法对不同类型数据构建多维信息融合模型,并对融合模型进行参数优化处理,最终完成融合模型的训练、验证和测试.结果表明,训练后的融合模型比单一信息模型对焊接缺陷具有较好的识别结果,训练集和测试集的焊接缺陷监测精度分别为99.0%和88.3%,此监测系统的数据采集和模型响应总时间小于100 ms,能够满足工程化应用需求,提高机器人焊接的智能化水平,推动企业数字化转型升级.

Study on gas metal arc welding of two types of TMCP steels

Gas metal arc welding experiments were conducted on two types of steels with 0.41% carbon equivalent(Ceq) and 0.31% Cequsing WER70T wire and 20% CO_(2)and 80% Ar as shielding gas.The two types of steels show satisfactory weldability.The transition temperatures of 50% upper shelf energy(Tk0.5) for Charpy-V impact test of both the welded joints are below-40 ℃.However, the toughness of the fusion line zone and heat-affected zone(HAZ) of the two steel joints exhibits differences, with the toughness of 0.41% Ceqsteel being better than that of 0.31% Ceqsteel.The Tk0.5of the fusion line zone and the HAZ of 0.41% Ceqsteel is below-60℃,whereas that of 0.31% Ceqsteel is above-40℃.The welded joint of 0.41% Ceqsteel has low hardness fluctuation, while that of 0.31% Ceqsteel exhibits a narrow, softened zone, which has no obvious influence on the tested tensile strength.The coarse grain heat-affected zone(CGHAZ)microstructure of 0.41% Ceqsteel is bainite, while that of 0.31% Ceqsteel is bainite with ferrite and minor pearlite.

Implementation of high speed arc welding with DE-GMAW

Modern manufacturing industry demands low cost and high efficient welding processes to remain competitiveness in the time of globalization. In this study, conventional gas metal arc welding （GMAW） was modified, a double-electrode GMAW （DE-GMAW） system is developed and DE-GMAW process is implemented through optimization of the design and process parameters and suitable selection of igniting sequence of double arcs. High speed welding tests were carried out to examine the effects of different factors on occurrence of weld formation defects. Through observing the weld bead appearance in DE-GMA W, the values of critical welding speed were determined under different levels of welding current and welding speed.

Three thermal analysis models for laser, GMAW-P and Iaser＋GMAW-P hybrid welding

The temperature fields and the weld pool geometries for laser ＋ GMAW-P hybrid welding, laser welding and pulsed gas metal arc welding （GMAW-P） are numerically simulated in quasi-steady state by using the developed heat source models, respectively. The calculated weld cross-sectious of the three types of welding processes agree well with their respective measured results. Through comparison, it is found that the temperature distribution of laser＋GMAW-P hybrid welding possesses the advantages of those in both laser and GMAW-P welding processes so that the improvement of welding productivity and weld quality are ensured.

船用高强钢GMAW-P脉冲焊接参数对电弧弧长的影响研究

对690 MPa级船用结构钢GMAW-P脉冲焊接过程电弧行为进行研究,分析了脉冲参数对电弧长度的影响。一脉一滴所在的弧长区间为3~6 mm,一脉多滴所在的弧长区间为5~8 mm,一脉一滴到一脉多滴的过渡区为5~6 mm,短路过渡弧长小于2 mm。脉冲时间上升,弧长增长;脉冲电流上升,弧长呈先上升后下降趋势;脉冲频率增大,弧长变长;基值电流升高,弧长减小。

Mechanical Properties for Circumferential Welding Applied to UNS S32750 Super Duplex Stainless Steel Using the GMAW Process with CMT Control

Super Duplex Stainless Steel has been studied for oil and gas industry applications since the 90 s, but their welding always is a technical issue. Then different methods were developed to meet all requirements presents in ASME standards, where most of are applied for lower production, when compared to other materials such carbon steel. This study accomplished circumferential welding experiments in base material (BM)—UNS S32750 Super Duplex Stainless Steel with a thickness of 3.68 mm. Welding was performed using GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) process with CMT (Cold Metal Transfer) control and the aid of a Motoman robot and a turntable device, which were used to ensure the accurate positioning of the torch and that the welding has been fully implemented in the 1 G position, respectively. This process achieves higher production in relation other welding process usually applied for this material class. The joints which presented adequate dimensional results were, then, subjected to tensile and hardness Vickers tests. To avoid the lack of penetration problem, the welding was performed using the CMT process combined with pulsed arc, thus, resulting in full penetration and improved surface finish. The results have shown that the CMT procedure, combined with pulsed arc, led to an adequate superficial finishing, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance in accomplishment with the requirements presented in applicable standards.

GMAW工艺仰焊咬边缺陷的研究分析与控制

对电站锅炉膜式壁管排鳍片与管子角焊缝采用熔化极气体保护焊(GMAW)仰焊位置易产生咬边缺陷进行了试验研究,根据不同材料焊接生产出现咬边的几率,对材料成分进行了统计与分析研究。仰焊时由于重力因素会加剧熔化金属下坠,使熔化金属脱离焊趾而流向熔池中心,导致仰焊更容易产生咬边缺陷。结果表明,焊接速度是影响产生咬边的关键因素,通过降低焊接速度可以有效地减小和消除咬边缺陷;Mn/S比较低的材料,产生咬边缺陷的几率较高,焊接时应严格控制焊接速度。

Welding Journal(《焊接杂志》)2014年第6期(93卷)要目

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中厚板V型坡口GMAW电弧声信号焊缝偏差识别方法研究

针对中厚板V型坡口GMAW(熔化极气体保护焊)焊缝偏差识别问题,提出一种新型基于电弧声信号的中厚板GMAW摆动焊焊缝偏差识别方法。在V型坡口摆动焊接中,发现当摆动中心与焊缝中心出现偏差,电弧声信号呈现明显非对称性。为此,针对电弧声信号的时域和频域特征开展了进一步研究,明确了与焊缝偏差信号存在密切关联的电弧声摆动极限位置能量差、标准差、小波包第7频带和第8频带能量等特征参量。构建基于上述4类参量的GS-SVR非线性回归方程,通过电弧声特征信号检测,可实现焊接过程中焊接偏差信息的在线识别,通过左右偏差试验表明该模型具有良好精度,可满足工程实际生产需要。

基于P-GMAW摆动电弧传感的窄间隙坡口宽度自适应焊接

针对窄间隙自动化焊接过程中,组对误差、焊接热变形等因素导致的坡口宽度不一致问题,本文提出采用电弧传感方式对坡口宽度进行检测,并根据检测结果调节工艺参数,保证焊接质量的方法。通过研究坡口宽度偏差的提取算法,分析窄坡口条件下脉冲熔化极焊接的峰值电流、基值电流和平均电流信号的传感特征,提出以脉冲周期内的电流均值作为特征信号,利用侧壁平均法进行偏差提取的传感方式;确定了坡口宽度变化时,焊枪摆幅、焊接速度的调控方法,实现了适应坡口宽度变化的自动化焊接。窄间隙焊接试验表明,上述方法能够有效识别坡口宽度变化,及时对摆幅、焊速进行调整,可在坡口宽度变化时,保证侧壁熔合质量和焊层厚度均匀。研究结果对单道多层窄间隙焊接实现焊接自动化,保证焊接质量具有一定的参考价值。

耐候钢Q450NQR1深熔GMAW电弧行为

分别采用深熔GMAW和脉冲MAG对耐候钢Q450NQR1进行了焊接试验,焊接过程中采集电流、电压及其对应的电弧图像,观察和分析了电弧形态和焊缝成型,同时基于图像处理考察了深熔GMAW焊接电流和焊接速度对电弧行为、焊缝成型的影响.结果表明:相比脉冲MAG,深熔GMAW电弧能量更集中,热源位置下降,焊缝熔深增加,且焊缝几何对称性较好;随着深熔GMAW焊接电流的增加和焊接速度的降低,电弧面积减小,边缘周长变短,质心位置下降,焊缝熔透深度增加;焊接电流315 A、焊接速度650 mm/min时焊接电弧最为稳定,焊缝成型质量也最好.采用优化的焊接工艺完成了12 mm厚Q450NQR1钢板材的单面焊双面成型,焊缝成型较好,接头各区域无软化和脆化现象.