The global ionosphere maps(GIM)provided by the International GNSS Service(IGS)are extensively utilized for ionospheric morphology monitoring,scientific research,and practical application.Assessing the credibility of G...The global ionosphere maps(GIM)provided by the International GNSS Service(IGS)are extensively utilized for ionospheric morphology monitoring,scientific research,and practical application.Assessing the credibility of GIM products in data-sparse regions is of paramount importance.In this study,measurements from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China(CMONOC)are leveraged to evaluate the suitability of IGS-GIM products over China region in 2013-2014.The indices of mean error(ME),root mean square error(RMSE),and normalized RMSE(NRMSE)are then utilized to quantify the accuracy of IGS-GIM products.Results revealed distinct local time and latitudinal dependencies in IGS-GIM errors,with substantially high errors at nighttime(NRMSE:39%)and above 40°latitude(NRMSE:49%).Seasonal differences also emerged,with larger equinoctial deviations(NRMSE:33.5%)compared with summer(20%).A preliminary analysis implied that the irregular assimilation of sparse IGS observations,compounded by China’s distinct geomagnetic topology,may manifest as error variations.These results suggest that modeling based solely on IGS-GIM observations engenders inadequate representations across China and that a thorough examination would proffer the necessary foundation for advancing regional total electron content(TEC)constructions.展开更多
At present,one of the methods used to determine the height of points on the Earth’s surface is Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)leveling.It is possible to determine the orthometric or normal height by this met...At present,one of the methods used to determine the height of points on the Earth’s surface is Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)leveling.It is possible to determine the orthometric or normal height by this method only if there is a geoid or quasi-geoid height model available.This paper proposes the methodology for local correction of the heights of high-order global geoid models such as EGM08,EIGEN-6C4,GECO,and XGM2019e_2159.This methodology was tested in different areas of the research field,covering various relief forms.The dependence of the change in corrected height accuracy on the input data was analyzed,and the correction was also conducted for model heights in three tidal systems:"tide free","mean tide",and"zero tide".The results show that the heights of EIGEN-6C4 model can be corrected with an accuracy of up to 1 cm for flat and foothill terrains with the dimensionality of 1°×1°,2°×2°,and 3°×3°.The EGM08 model presents an almost identical result.The EIGEN-6C4 model is best suited for mountainous relief and provides an accuracy of 1.5 cm on the 1°×1°area.The height correction accuracy of GECO and XGM2019e_2159 models is slightly poor,which has fuzziness in terms of numerical fluctuation.展开更多
GNSS观测时间序列包含复杂的非线性构造运动,如地面质量荷载、模型残差、周围环境因素等。由于环境因素的复杂性,季节性信号可能具备准周期时变的特征,传统的时间序列分析模型很难模型化。因此,可以采用一种双向长短期记忆(Bidirectiona...GNSS观测时间序列包含复杂的非线性构造运动,如地面质量荷载、模型残差、周围环境因素等。由于环境因素的复杂性,季节性信号可能具备准周期时变的特征,传统的时间序列分析模型很难模型化。因此,可以采用一种双向长短期记忆(Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory,BiLSTM)循环神经网络与变分模态分解(Variational Mode Decomposition,VMD)联合的信号重构方法。首先利用VMD强大的分解能力将GNSS信号进行频域剖分并将其分为多项子信号和噪声项,再基于BiLSTM强大的学习能力对GNSS信号进行训练建模。结果表明,BiLSTM+VMD模型能充分挖掘信号的时频域特征,提高信号重构的精度和稳定性,GNSS N、E、U三分量重构结果均方根误差(Root Mean Squared Error,RMSE)都表现出不同程度的降低,尤其水平方向效果更为显著,相比EMD与VMD方法,E方向离散度分别降低了61%和19%,N方向离散度分别降低了20%和14%。这为GNSS观测时间序列中信号提取与模型参数估计提供了一个有价值的模型。展开更多
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF0503702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42074186,41831071,42004136,and 42274195)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20211036)the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories,and the University of Science and Technology of China Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative(Grant No.YD2080002013).
文摘The global ionosphere maps(GIM)provided by the International GNSS Service(IGS)are extensively utilized for ionospheric morphology monitoring,scientific research,and practical application.Assessing the credibility of GIM products in data-sparse regions is of paramount importance.In this study,measurements from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China(CMONOC)are leveraged to evaluate the suitability of IGS-GIM products over China region in 2013-2014.The indices of mean error(ME),root mean square error(RMSE),and normalized RMSE(NRMSE)are then utilized to quantify the accuracy of IGS-GIM products.Results revealed distinct local time and latitudinal dependencies in IGS-GIM errors,with substantially high errors at nighttime(NRMSE:39%)and above 40°latitude(NRMSE:49%).Seasonal differences also emerged,with larger equinoctial deviations(NRMSE:33.5%)compared with summer(20%).A preliminary analysis implied that the irregular assimilation of sparse IGS observations,compounded by China’s distinct geomagnetic topology,may manifest as error variations.These results suggest that modeling based solely on IGS-GIM observations engenders inadequate representations across China and that a thorough examination would proffer the necessary foundation for advancing regional total electron content(TEC)constructions.
基金the International Center for Global Earth Models(ICGEM)for the height anomaly and gravity anomaly data and Bureau Gravimetrique International(BGI)for free-air gravity anomaly data from the World Gravity Map project(WGM2012)The authors are grateful to Głowny Urza˛d Geodezji i Kartografii of Poland for the height anomaly data of the quasi-geoid PL-geoid2021.
文摘At present,one of the methods used to determine the height of points on the Earth’s surface is Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)leveling.It is possible to determine the orthometric or normal height by this method only if there is a geoid or quasi-geoid height model available.This paper proposes the methodology for local correction of the heights of high-order global geoid models such as EGM08,EIGEN-6C4,GECO,and XGM2019e_2159.This methodology was tested in different areas of the research field,covering various relief forms.The dependence of the change in corrected height accuracy on the input data was analyzed,and the correction was also conducted for model heights in three tidal systems:"tide free","mean tide",and"zero tide".The results show that the heights of EIGEN-6C4 model can be corrected with an accuracy of up to 1 cm for flat and foothill terrains with the dimensionality of 1°×1°,2°×2°,and 3°×3°.The EGM08 model presents an almost identical result.The EIGEN-6C4 model is best suited for mountainous relief and provides an accuracy of 1.5 cm on the 1°×1°area.The height correction accuracy of GECO and XGM2019e_2159 models is slightly poor,which has fuzziness in terms of numerical fluctuation.
文摘GNSS观测时间序列包含复杂的非线性构造运动,如地面质量荷载、模型残差、周围环境因素等。由于环境因素的复杂性,季节性信号可能具备准周期时变的特征,传统的时间序列分析模型很难模型化。因此,可以采用一种双向长短期记忆(Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory,BiLSTM)循环神经网络与变分模态分解(Variational Mode Decomposition,VMD)联合的信号重构方法。首先利用VMD强大的分解能力将GNSS信号进行频域剖分并将其分为多项子信号和噪声项,再基于BiLSTM强大的学习能力对GNSS信号进行训练建模。结果表明,BiLSTM+VMD模型能充分挖掘信号的时频域特征,提高信号重构的精度和稳定性,GNSS N、E、U三分量重构结果均方根误差(Root Mean Squared Error,RMSE)都表现出不同程度的降低,尤其水平方向效果更为显著,相比EMD与VMD方法,E方向离散度分别降低了61%和19%,N方向离散度分别降低了20%和14%。这为GNSS观测时间序列中信号提取与模型参数估计提供了一个有价值的模型。