Investigation on the Coordinate Structures of the Rare Earth Metal Complexes with Edta and Cydta Ligands

The crystal and molecular structures of cydta (trans-1, 2-cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid) have been determined by single\|crystal X-ray structure analyses. The reasons that RE Ⅲ -edta and RE Ⅲ -cydta complexes select different coordinate structures were discussed and illustrated through the comparison of the molecular and crystal structures between edta and cydta, (NH_ 4 )\[Y Ⅲ (edta)(H_ 2 O)_ 3 \]\55H_ 2 O and (NH_ 4 )\[Y Ⅲ (cydta)(H_ 2 O)_ 2 \]\55H_ 2 O as well as (NH_ 4 )\[Gd Ⅲ (edta)(H_ 2 O)_ 3 \]\55H_ 2 O and (NH_ 4 )\[Gd Ⅲ (cydta) (H_ 2 O) _ 2 \]\55H_ 2 O complexes.

Gnomon Assessment for Geographic Coordinate, Solar Horizontal &Equatorial Coordinates, Time of Local Sunrise, Noon, Sunset, Direction of Qibla, Size of Earth &Sun for Lahore Pakistan

This study was an effort to calculate geographic coordinates, solar horizontal and equatorial cooridnates, direction of Qibla, sizes of Earth and Sun through gnomon (a vertical stick casting shadow). Gnomon has been used in history for remote navigations, astronomical and geodetic measurements. Geographic coordinates were found out with accuracy of less than 0.19 decimal degree from gnomon. Sun’s horizontal and equatorial coordinates were calculated and analyzed with US Navy Observatory and NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. These coordinates were less than 0.01 decimal degree different from coordinates provided by US Navy and following same daily trend with time. Through spherical triangle, direction of Qibla was found out. And it came out less than 0.18 decimal degree different from its value, used in Lahore. Radius of the earth measured from gnomon using concepts of Al Buruni was 1.45 km different from its true value. Using geometrical technique of similar and concurrent triangles, size of the sun was calculated and it was 1,651,088.776 km. Investigation of systematic and random errors in each calculation was the part of this research.

利用Google Earth软件制定直升机巡线方案

为了高效、快捷地完成直升机巡线任务,探讨了利用Google Earth软件的功能制定和优化直升机巡线方案,包括确定输电线路巡线走向图和直升机临时起降点。案例分析显示,利用Google Earth软件可以制定该案例直升机巡线的3种飞行方案,从耗时、飞行距离和架次比较,确定其中的最优方案,大大提高了直升机巡线的经济性。

Google Earth中UTM坐标与大地坐标精密互转算法的实现

通过UTM坐标与大地坐标互转的相关公式,利用VC++6.0编程实现了Google Earth中两个坐标系间的精密转换功能,并通过实际数值验证了其转换精度,为基于Google Earth的二次开发提供了可靠的数据来源。

基于Google Earth土地承包经营权工作底图的制作

对利用Google Earth影像制作农村土地承包经营权工作底图的方法和技术流程进行了全面探讨。首先在CASS 7.0软件下对集体土地所有权行政界线进行坐标转换,再使用自编程序提取界线拐点的WGS-84大地坐标,通过"地图下载器"下载Google Earth影像并拼接输出TIF影像,利用Arc Map软件的投影变换功能,将墨卡托投影的TIF影像转换为高斯投影影像,最后,在CASS 7.0软件下插入变换后的正射影像,叠加行政界线,形成完整的承包经营权外业调查工作底图。

Application of Adaptive Kalman Filtering Algorithm in IMU/GPS Integrated Navigation System

The IMU（inertial measurement unit） error equations in the earth fixed coordinates are introduced firstly. A fading Kalman filtering is simply introduced and its shortcomings are analyzed, then an adaptive filtering is applied in IMU/GPS integrated navigation system, in which the adaptive factor is replaced by the fading factor. A practical example is given. The resuits prove that the adaptive filter combined with the fading factor is valid and reliable when applied in IMU/GPS integrated navigation system.

Copolymerization of Styrene with N-phenylmaleimide by Rare Earth Coordination Catalysts

Copolymerization of styrene (St) with N-phenylmaleimide (NPMI) was studied with rare earth coordination catalyst Nd(naph)3-AlEt3 in toluene. Characterization of the copolymers showed that the copolymers possess an alternating structure.

基于全球IGS站坐标的Google Earth地图精度分析

提出了利用全球IGS基准站精确坐标分析其在Google Earth地图上识别精度的方法。Google Earth地图支持WGS-84大地坐标,从IGS网站上获取IGS基准站WGS-84精确大地坐标,采用KML标记语言开发程序,将IGS基准站精确标注在Google Earth地图上。通过Google Earth标尺工具得到谷歌地图可识别的IGS基准站与标注的IGS基准站精确坐标点的地图距离、地面距离及方位角,比较识别位置与标注精确位置的精度情况。选取了全球分布的1054个IGS基准站的坐标,将IGS基准站精确位置与Google Earth地图可识别IGS基准站位置进行比对,统计分析其识别率和精度。结果表明,IGS基准站在Google Earth识别的平均精度为4. 38 m(其中精度小于2 m的占20. 61%,精度24 m的占18. 76%,精度4~6 m的占41. 08%,精度6~8 m的占6. 34%,精度8~10 m的占3. 70%,精度10~12 m的占2. 38%,精度12~14 m的占1. 72%,精度14~16 m的占1. 45%。)。中国区域的精度为1. 5~2 m,美国、欧洲、日本等国家城市内的精度可以达到1 m,在这些地区和国家可运用Google Earth为高精度的GNSS测量工作服务,如GNSS踏勘选点及制作GNSS点之记等。

The deforming and rotating Earth——A review of the 18th International Symposium on Geodynamics and Earth Tide,Trieste 2016

The 18th International Symposium on Geodynamics and Earth Tides 2016 covered phenomena that generate temporal variations in geodetic and geophysical observations. In calculating the stress field for Earth tides, the observed geodetic response is used for defining the Earth＇s theology, the Earth internal structure, ＇Earth rotation parameters, and the functioning of the sophisticated instrumentation mounted on Earth and satellites. The instrumentation capable of observing Earth tides, measures changes generated by lithospheric plate movements, as the earthquake cycle and volcanism. Hydrology, tem- perature, and pressure, either of natural or anthropogenic origin, affect the high precision observations, and therefore must be included in this study-realm.

A series of rare earth coordination polymer constructed from paddle-wheel building blocks

Three coordination polymers, Ln2（bpdc）3（phen）2（H2O）2 （Ln=Nd（1）, Eu（2）, and Tb （3）; bpdc=2,2＇-bipyridine-3,3＇-dicarboxylate; phen=1,10-phenanthroline）, were obtained by hydrothermal reaction of Ln2O3 with 2,2＇-bipyridine-3,3＇-dicarboxylate acid, and 1,10-phe- nanthroline. They were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectra, and photoluminescent spectra. The crystallographic data of 1-3 indicated that they were isostructural. Both complexes contained paddle-wheel building blocks, formed by bpdc and phen ligands. These paddle-wheel secondary building units （SBUs） were further connected to form two-dimensional （2-D） metal organic framework （MOF） networks by 2,2＇-bipyridine-3, and 3＇-dicarboxylate tinkers. A three-dimensional （3-D） supramolecular structure was formed by π-π aromatic interactions between adjacent 2-D infinite networks. Photoluminescent measurements indicated that europium compound 2 and terbium compound 3 were strong, red and green emitters, respectively.

The Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate with a New Nd(O—i-Pr)_(3)—AI(i-Bu)_(3)Catalyst System

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) was polymerized with the rare earth coordination catalyst system of Nd(O? Pr) 3 in toluene. The influences of various ligands in neodymium complexes, molar ratio of Al/Nd, catalyst concentration, catalyst aging time, solvents, the third component CCl 4, temperature and time on the polymerization of MMA were studied. The results showed that the polymerization conversion reached more than 80% at a catalyst concentration of 9 2×10 -3 mol/L. The appropriate molar ratio of CCl 4/Nd was 4. Hydrocarbon was preferred for the polymerzation to obtain a high conversion and a high M W of PMMA. The 1H NMR spectra of PMMA indicated that the lower the temperature, the higher the syndiotactic content of PMMA was obtained.

Synthesis of 1-Octene Oligomer by Rare Earth Coordination Catalyst

The polymerization of 1-octene with Nd(P_(204))_3-AlEt_3 catalyst has been successfully carried out for the first time.Some features of polymerization of 1-octene are described.The 1-octene oligomer prepared has an average molecular weight of about 10~3 with molecular weight distribution of about 2.It has a terminal double bond,which can be transferred into terminal carboxy group by direct oxidation with KMnO_4 in acidic solution, and then can be esterified with polyglycol.

Evidences of the expanding Earth from space-geodetic data over solid land and sea level rise in recent two decades

According to the space-geodetic data recorded at globally distributed stations over solid land spanning a period of more than 20-years under the International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2008,our previous estimate of the average-weighted vertical variation of the Earth＇s solid surface suggests that the Earth＇s solid part is expanding at a rate of 0.24 ± 0.05 mm/a in recent two decades.In another aspect,the satellite altimetry observations spanning recent two decades demonstrate the sea level rise（SLR） rate 3.2 ± 0.4 mm/a,of which1.8 ± 0.5 mm/a is contributed by the ice melting over land.This study shows that the oceanic thermal expansion is 1.0 ± 0.1 mm/a due to the temperature increase in recent half century,which coincides with the estimate provided by previous authors.The SLR observation by altimetry is not balanced by the ice melting and thermal expansion,which is an open problem before this study.However,in this study we infer that the oceanic part of the Earth is expanding at a rate about 0.4 mm/a.Combining the expansion rates of land part and oceanic part,we conclude that the Earth is expanding at a rate of 0.35 ± 0.47 mm/a in recent two decades.If the Earth expands at this rate,then the altimetry-observed SLR can be well explained.

Effect of solid-earth-tide on GPS time series

The solid-earth-tide models IERS1992 and IERS2003 are used to analyze some GPS-baseline,vertical-component and zenith-tropospheric-delay data from the Crustal Movement GPS Continuous Observation Net-work of Shandong and IGS stations. The results show that the differences between the baselines computed with the different models are at sub-millimeter level, and the differences in vertical component is direct proportional to station latitude. Also the amplitude of ZTD differences is about 0. 6-1.0 mm, which is 6% -8% of the amplitude of solid-earth-tide differences. Although these effects are quite small, to analyze non-tidal deformation correctly, we should still use a single standard for processing GPS data.

Google Earth卫星地图数据在铁路勘察设计中的应用研究

针对目前铁路勘察设计前期阶段线路方案所采用的小比例尺地图陈旧,新增地面建筑物缺失,对线路走向影响大;数字化程度低,人工获取地面高程数据效率低等问题,提出基于Google Earth平台实现快速下载地图、自动拼接成线路带状图和自动批量提取线路纵、横断面地面高程数据的方法,并采用VC++和Google Earth的COM API函数进行二次开发,介绍该方法的实现原理及算法,结合工程实例分析该方法的可靠性及高效性,为铁路前期研究选线设计提供一种良好的便捷方法。

应用GISOffice和Coord将平面直角坐标系数据转换并输出为可导入Google Earth的Kml文件

Google Earth已被广泛应用于各种大中型工程的规划设计、施工管理当中,由于Google Earth只识别包含WGS84空间大地坐标系的KML文件,而国内绝大部分工程施工中采用的坐标系均为平面直角坐标系,不能直接导入Google Earth,从而给Google Earth在工程中的正常应用带来不便。为了使Google Earth能更好的应用于大中型工程中,利用Coord和GISOffice等软件将工程中的平面坐标系坐标数据转换为WGS84大地坐标系数据,再按需求导出为可在Google Earth使用的KML文件。

Polymerization of Methyl Acrylate with Nd-Al-α,α'-Dipyridyl Catalyst System

The polymerization of methyl acrylate (MA) with Nd(naph) 3 Al( i Bu) 3 α,α′ dipyridyl catalyst was studied. The molecular weight and its distribution were determined by gel penetration chromatography. Kinetic studies show that the MA polymerization rate is the first order with respect to monomer concentration. The apparent activation energy of MA polymerization is 49 34 kJ·mol -1 .

Influence of Structure and Reaction Conditions on Fluorescent Properties of Benzoic Acid Rare Earth Complexes

We synthesized a series of rare earth complexes with benzoic acid ramification containing different substitute groups or the same substitute group in different position; test the fluorescence property using fluorescence spectrometer of the complexes, and discussed the influence of different substitute group and the position of substitute group on the fluorescent properties of the rare earth complexes. The results showed that different substitute group and the position of substitute group on the benzene ring had important influence on the fluorescent properties of the benzoic acid rare earth complexes, when the other conditions were the same. The fluorescence effect of para-position ligand was better than ortho-position and meta-position ligand. For the benzoic acid complexes, their fluorescence intensity has relationship with the excellent absorption coefficient of the ligand and the high efficient ligand-to-trivalent rare earth ion energy transfer. Furthermore, when the ratio of Ln3+, ligand, phen was 1∶3∶1, the fluorescence properties of rare earth complex was the best.

Determination of Coordination Configuration of Rare Earth Ions with Aminoacids in Solutions with Cooperative Vibronic Spectroscopy

The use of cooperative vibronic spectroscopy to measure coordination numbers of the ligands surrounding rare earth ions in solutions was proposed and demonstrated. It is shown that the time-resolved cooperative vibronic spectroscopy is a very useful technique for the determination of the ligand type and ligand number for different coordination groups. Coordination configuration of arginine with Tb3+ in solutions with different pH values was studied. It demonstrates that the carboxy1 of arginine can replace H2O to coordinate with Tb3+ and the coordination number of carboxyl increases with the increase of pH value of the solutions.

NMR Studies of η~3-Allyl Rare Earth Metal Complexes

The 1H and 13C-NMR spectra of Li(nL)·Ln(η3-C3H5), (Ln = La, n = 3, Ln = Y, n =2.5.Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, n = 2, L =dioxane) are reported. The allyl ligands coordinated to rare earth metal ions in every complex are equivalent and delocalized showing n3-allyl character and give strong paramagnetic shifts except the La and Y complexes. The induced shifts of rare earth ions at the allyls were observed and separated .