DISTRIBUTION MODEL OF FATIGUE LIFEAND ITS GOODNESS-OF-FIT TEST

From the view point of meso-damage mechanics,a lot of practical physi-cal models, which are able to be used to describe the distnbution law of fatigue life, areestablished, the hkelihood estimate expressions of these distnbution parameters are giv-en, and

Study on Variation of Fitting Goodness of Relation Between Earthquake Frequency and Magnitude before Moderately Strong Earthquakes (Ms≥5.0)

In this paper,characteristics of spatial and temporal variation of linear fitting goodness before some moderately strong earthquakes(Ms≥5.0)in the eastern part of China(east of longitude 180)are studied according to the famous Gutenberg-Richter’s relation expressed as lgN=a-bM,by using the moderate and small events that occurred in and around the source area.The results show that the linear goodness of fitting varies abnormally prior to these moderately strong earthquakes.In the early stage of the earthquake preparatory process,distribution of the energy released through small events in and around the source area is isostatic and the fitting goodness approximates 1,while the distribution of the energy turns to be isostatic before moderately strong earthquakes,leading to the obvious decrease of the linear goodness of fitting.This phenomenon could be a medium term anomaly and a medium term criterion for moderately strong earthquake prediction.

Appreciation and Analysis of the“Truth,Goodness and Beauty”in Primary School Mathematics Class

Focus on cultivating students’mathematical thinking and ability to solve problems in life,guide students to form a scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts,and make students feel the charm of mathematics.

Frequency Domain Goodness of Fit Test Based Spectrum Sensing Method with Dynamically Varying Noise

In cognitive radio networks,spectrum sensing under circumstances of dynamically varying noise and lacking prior information is a key challenge to the conventional spectrum sensing algorithms.Since the necessary information is rather difficult to obtain practically,most existing spectrum sensing methods are fettered in applications.Motivated by these,in this paper,a Frequency domain Goodness of Fit Test(FGoF)based spectrum sensing method is proposed.The FGoF makes full use of underlying information in Guard-Bands and the advantages of GoF test works for any distribution.Analytical and simulated results show that the FGoF is a robust spectrum sensing method in cognitive radio with the inherent advantages of invulnerability to dynamically varying noise.

Generalized Kumaraswamy Generalized Power Gompertz Distribution: Statistical Properties, Application, and Validation Using a Modified Chi-Squared Goodness of Fit Test

A new six-parameter continuous distribution called the Generalized Kumaraswamy Generalized Power Gompertz (GKGPG) distribution is proposed in this study, a graphical illustration of the probability density function and cumulative distribution function is presented. The statistical features of the Generalized Kumaraswamy Generalized Power Gompertz distribution are systematically derived and adequately studied. The estimation of the model parameters in the absence of censoring and under-right censoring is performed using the method of maximum likelihood. The test statistic for right-censored data, criteria test for GKGPG distribution, estimated matrix Ŵ, Ĉ, and Ĝ, criteria test Y2n, alongside the quadratic form of the test statistic is derived. Mean simulated values of maximum likelihood estimates and their corresponding square mean errors are presented and confirmed to agree closely with the true parameter values. Simulated levels of significance for Y2n (γ) test for the GKGPG model against their theoretical values were recorded. We conclude that the null hypothesis for which simulated samples are fitted by GKGPG distribution is widely validated for the different levels of significance considered. From the summary of the results of the strength of a specific type of braided cord dataset on the GKGPG model, it is observed that the proposed GKGPG model fits the data set for a significance level ε = 0.05.

Goodness of Fit Test Based on BLUS Residuals for Error Distribution of Regression Model

The error distribution testing plays an important role in linear regression as distribution misspecification seriously affects the validity and efficiency of regression analysis. The least squares (OLS) residuals are often used to construct test statistics;in order to overcome the non-independent and identically residuals, the best linear unbiased scale (BLUS) residuals are applied in this paper, which, unlike OLS residuals, the residuals vector is identically and independently distributed. Based on the BLUS residuals, a new test statistic is constructed by using the sample random distance between sample quantile and quasi sample quantile derived from the null distribution, and the goodness-of-fit test of error distribution in the linear model is studied. The powers of the new tests under certain alternatives are examined. They are more powerful tests for the hypotheses concerned.

An Analysis of the Literature’s Truth, Goodness and Beauty

Literary works are an important medium for the exploration of truth,goodness and beauty,of which human beings have never stopped the discussion and pursuit.First of all,this paper gives an overview of what are truth,goodness and beauty.Then it summarizes what has been the focus of the unity of truth,goodness and beauty between China and the West.Finally,this paper values the analysis of the truth,goodness and beauty of literary works:the facts of literature should be true,the purpose should be good,and the form should be beautiful.Based on this,the author puts forward the relationship between the three harmonies with the unity of truth,goodness and beauty in literary works,which the author believes is the ultimate pursuit of literature.

Digest the Goodness of Western Culture to Make Chinese Culture Great Again——Taking Cultural Westernization as an Example

Nowadays,the word globalization has become a most exposed word in contexts of economy,culture and politics.Among the three fields,economic globalization has been paid more attention to.In this article,the author intends to discuss the issue of cultural globalization.In detail,he wants to analyze the impacts of cultural globalization in the making of contemporary Chinese culture.First,the author discussed that the cultural globalization is mostly cultural westernization.Second,he explained that cultural westernization is not a monster to Chinese and the construction of modern Chinese culture.Thirdly and lastly,by discussing some significances of western culture,the author suggested those significances of western culture are valuable to be absorbed in the making of Chinese culture great again.

Analysis on Wilhelm’s Goodness in Seize the Day

Wilhelm is protagonist in Saul Bellow’s novel Seize the Day.He insisted in his virture and goodness,disregarding the bad influence of other people in the cruel materialistic society.He insisted in goodness in his heart,especially performing in having love in family relationship and having kind will in social relationship.He endured the pain in cold money-oriented society with his good virture.

Seeking the Goodness of Human Nature:Analyzing the "Original Sin" in Lear

This thesis attempts to seek the goodness of human nature,which is core of the moral society,analyzing the "Original Sin"——violence,aggression and greed,etc.In Lear,Edward Bond depicts the sinful characters,say,Lear,the two daughters and the victims of violence vividly,however,each one of them cannot persist the temptation of the innate sin,resulting in the eventual self-destruction.Despite the sinful behaviors in the daily life or the political world,the goodness of human nature rather than the inborn sinful nature should play an important role to build the peaceful and harmonious society.

Discreet investors exert greater influence on cooperation in the public goods game

This paper studies the evolutionary process of cooperative behavior in a public goods game model with heterogeneous investment strategies in square lattices.In the proposed model,players are divided into defectors,cooperators and discreet investors.Among these,defectors do not participate in investing,discreet investors make heterogeneous investments based on the investment behavior and cooperation value of their neighbors,and cooperators invest equally in each neighbor.In real life,heterogeneous investment is often accompanied by time or economic costs.The discreet investors in this paper pay a certain price to obtain their neighbors'investment behavior and cooperation value,which quantifies the time and economic costs of the heterogeneous investment process.The results of Monte Carlo simulation experiments in this study show that discreet investors can effectively resist the invasion of the defectors,form a stable cooperative group and expand the cooperative advantage in evolution.However,when discreet investors pay too high a price,they lose their strategic advantage.The results in this paper help us understand the role of heterogeneous investment in promoting and maintaining human social cooperation.

Multi-strategy hybrid whale optimization algorithms for complex constrained optimization problems

A multi-strategy hybrid whale optimization algorithm(MSHWOA)for complex constrained optimization problems is proposed to overcome the drawbacks of easily trapping into local optimum,slow convergence speed and low optimization precision.Firstly,the population is initialized by introducing the theory of good point set,which increases the randomness and diversity of the population and lays the foundation for the global optimization of the algorithm.Then,a novel linearly update equation of convergence factor is designed to coordinate the abilities of exploration and exploitation.At the same time,the global exploration and local exploitation capabilities are improved through the siege mechanism of Harris Hawks optimization algorithm.Finally,the simulation experiments are conducted on the 6 benchmark functions and Wilcoxon rank sum test to evaluate the optimization performance of the improved algorithm.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has more significant improvement in optimization accuracy,convergence speed and robustness than the comparison algorithm.

Relationship between nutritional therapy and beneficial bacteria ratio in severe disease

Objective:To evaluate relationship between changes in the beneficial bacteria in intensive care unit(ICU)patients and nutritional therapy type.Methods:Ten patients aged≥18 years admitted to the ICU between January and December 2020,were included.Good enteral nutrition was defined as early achievement of target calorie intake through enteral feeding.The ratio of beneficial bacteria at the first and second bowel movements after each patient’s admission was calculated and the patients were classified into the increase or decrease group.Among all patients,five each were in the increase and decrease groups.We investigated patient background,changes in sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation(APACHE)Ⅱscores,nutritional doses or methods,and clinical outcomes.Results:No relationship was found between changes in the ratio of beneficial bacteria and changes in SOFA/APACHEⅡscores at the time of admission.The rate of good enteral nutrition was significantly higher in the increase group than in the decrease group(4/5 vs.0/5,P=0.01).Conclusions:An increase in beneficial bacteria may be significantly related to the early establishment of enteral nutrition.In the future,accumulating cases may make it possible to establish a new nutritional strategy for critically ill patients from an intestinal microbiota perspective.

Buoyed Confidence Underscores China’s Robust Economy

Recently released economic data reflecting China’s brisk economic activities and vibrant foreign trade attest to a steady acceleration in the country’s economic growth.The National Bureau of Statistics(NBS)reported 5.5 percent year-on-year growth during the first two months of 2024 for retail sales of consumer goods,4.2 percent for fixed-asset investment,and 7 percent for value-added of the industrial enterprises above the designated size.The country’s total import and export of goods,meanwhile,expanded 8.7 percent year-on-year,and its volume for this period achieved a historical high of RMB 6.61 trillion.

An Overview of Quality Management of Therapeutic Vaccines in Clinical Trials in China

Objective To provide suggestions and a reference for improving the quality management system of clinical trials of therapeutic vaccines and promoting the development of therapeutic vaccines in China.Methods Literature research,case study and comparative study were used to analyze the quality management system of clinical trials of therapeutic vaccines.Results and Conclusion From the perspective of the sponsor,investigators and the thirdparty technical service company,the problems such as the low efficiency of clinical trial sample preparation and the lax implementation of the protocol by hospital departments in the quality management of clinical trials of therapeutic vaccines in China were found.Then,the optimization plan for the quality management of clinical trials of therapeutic vaccines is proposed,including optimizing the preparation process of therapeutic vaccines and strengthening the training of hospital department personnel.

Research on Construction of Pharmacovigilance System for Marketing Authorization Holders in China

Objective To provide suggestions for helping marketing authorization holders(MAHs)to develop an effective and compliant pharmacovigilance system.Methods The construction strategies of pharmacovigilance system of the multinational pharmaceutical companies were analyzed based on the requirements of regulations and laws.Results and Conclusion There are some gaps between local and multinational pharmaceutical companies in the construction of pharmacovigilance system.We can learn from the experience of multinational pharmaceutical companies to improve the pharmacovigilance system,which includes building a sound pharmacovigilance organizational structure,establishing a series of operational system files and cultivating professional talents.MAHs of China should improve the structure of enterprise pharmacovigilance system.Besides,members of Drug Safety Committee should be department managers with higher position so that they can fulfil the responsibilities of risk assessment.If MAHs possess a large variety and quantity of products,a Drug Safety Committee should be established to ensure the timely discovery of risks.In addition,MAHs should pay attention to the implementation of related regulations and laws on pharmacovigilance and establish compliant,effective and operatable files combing with the actual operation of pharmacovigilance system.Finally,MAHs should introduce and train pharmacovigilance talents,and hire pharmacovigilance experts as consultants to solve the problem of talent shortage.

What Is the Conformity-Nonconformity Dichotomy?

This paper argues that the conformity-nonconformity dichotomy is a false dilemma.This study first critically reviews the basic philosophical,ethical,social psychological,and pedagogical literature related to the two concepts.It then outlines the way to overcome the phenomena of conformism and nonconformism together.The description of conformity and nonconformity as deprivation of freedom becomes stronger in 20th century philosophy and special literature from Heidegger through Fischer’s definition up to Cooley,and Crutchfield.Conformity is the sinking of the Self into the Anyone,the unprincipled alignment to the opinion of group mates,and nonconformity is the unprincipled resistance to it.But what is beyond conformity and nonconformity together as a group?There is a real community,in it the transformation of our pedagogical culture in a both useful and reasonable manner to allow the youth to accept the world by denying it and to deny the world by accepting it.The real community involves the virtue of goodness.Educate for goodness,because we possibly are the honest and humane man,who disregards the sinking of the self into the anyone and the self-contained rebellion.

Appropriateness of Reduced Modified Three-Parameter Weibull Distribution Function for Predicting Gold Production in Ghana

Forecasting mine production is pertinent to gold mining as it serves as production goals for investors. It is therefore important to identify the exact distribution that gold production as a response variable naturally follows. It is even more appropriate to have a model(s) with few predictor variables. This paper seeks to identify appropriate statistical distribution functions for fitting gold production in Ghana. The empirical paper relied mainly on quarterly secondary datasets on gold production between the years 2009 and 2022 secured from the Minerals Commission of Ghana, Accra. Several known statistical distributions including Weibull, Log-Normal, Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) were explored with Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) and evaluated using model selection criteria as AIC, AICc and BIC. Goodness of Fits were evaluated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test (K-S), Cramer-Von Mises Statistic and Anderson-Darling Statistic. Based on the analysis conducted, the reduced modified 3-parameter Weibull distribution provided the best fit for gold production in Ghana. Though the reduced modified Weibull function is proposed, it is important however to recognize that other external factors can influence production levels. Also, the average quarterly fitted gold production is 1000334.8918 ± 75,327.080 (±7.5%) [i.e., 925,007.812 – 1,075,661.972]. This indicates that the average annually fitted gold production lies between 3700031.248 and 4302647.888 ounces at 99.9% confidence level. Therefore, the predicted gold production for the year 2022 is 3.7million ounces at 99.9% confidence level.

Fitness of Four-Parameter Beta Distribution Function for Forecasting Gold Reserve and Its Production Lifespan in Ghana

Ghana, renowned for its abundant gold reserves, plays a significant role in the global mining industry. Effective management and accurate forecasting of these reserves are vital for sustainable resource utilization and economic planning. Forecasting gold reserves and estimating their production lifespan are complex tasks that require robust statistical models capable of capturing the underlying dynamics of gold deposit accumulation and extraction. To this end, the four-parameter Beta distribution function emerges as a promising candidate due to its flexibility and ability to handle non-negative data. This research aims to investigate the fitness and applicability of the four-parameter Beta distribution function for forecasting Ghana’s gold reserves and estimating the production lifespan of this precious resource. The empirical paper relied mainly on quarterly secondary datasets on gold reserve between the years 2009 and 2022 secured from the Minerals Commission of Ghana, Accra. Several known statistical distributions including Beta, Weibull, Normal, Logistic and Gamma were explored with Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) and evaluated using model selection criteria as AIC and BIC. Goodness of Fits were evaluated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test (K-S), Cramer-Von Mises Statistic and Anderson-Darling Statistic. Based on the analysis conducted, the four-parameter Beta distribution provided the best fit for gold reserve in Ghana. At a 99.9% confidence level and considering the current annual average gold production estimate of 3,700,031.248 to 4,302,647.888 ounces, the projected lifespan of gold production in Ghana extends to the year 1,953,765. This astounding estimate suggests that the country’s gold reserves are expected to sustain production for an extended period, providing a critical resource for economic development and supporting the mining industry well into the distant future.

Appropriateness of Reduced Modified Three-Parameter Weibull Distribution Function for Predicting Gold Production in Ghana

Forecasting mine production is pertinent to gold mining as it serves as production goals for investors. It is therefore important to identify the exact distribution that gold production as a response variable naturally follows. It is even more appropriate to have a model(s) with few predictor variables. This paper seeks to identify appropriate statistical distribution functions for fitting gold production in Ghana. The empirical paper relied mainly on quarterly secondary datasets on gold production between the years 2009 and 2022 secured from the Minerals Commission of Ghana, Accra. Several known statistical distributions including Weibull, Log-Normal, Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) were explored with Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) and evaluated using model selection criteria as AIC, AICc and BIC. Goodness of Fits were evaluated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test (K-S), Cramer-Von Mises Statistic and Anderson-Darling Statistic. Based on the analysis conducted, the reduced modified 3-parameter Weibull distribution provided the best fit for gold production in Ghana. Though the reduced modified Weibull function is proposed, it is important however to recognize that other external factors can influence production levels. Also, the average quarterly fitted gold production is 1000334.8918 ± 75,327.080 (±7.5%) [i.e., 925,007.812 – 1,075,661.972]. This indicates that the average annually fitted gold production lies between 3700031.248 and 4302647.888 ounces at 99.9% confidence level. Therefore, the predicted gold production for the year 2022 is 3.7million ounces at 99.9% confidence level.