Integrated Data Processing Method for GPS and INS Field Test over Rocky Mountain

The method of integrated data processing for GPS and INS(inertial navigation system) field test over the Rocky Mountains using the adaptive Kalman filtering technique is presented. On the basis of the known GPS outputs and the offset of GPS and INS, state equations and observations are designed to perform the calculation and improve the navigation accuracy. An example shows that with the method the reliable navigation parameters have been obtained.

The Quality Assessment of Non-Integer-Hour Data in GPS Broadcast Ephemerides and Its Impact on the Accuracy of Real- Time Kinematic Positioning Over the South China Sea

Abnormal effects in GPS broadcast ephemerides can have a significant effect on real-time navigation and positioning solutions that use the orbit and clock error data provided by GPS broadcast ephemerides.This paper describes three types of non-integerhour navigation data in GPS broadcast ephemeris data.Compared with GPST integer hour data,we find that there are two types of data blocks for non-integer-hour navigation containing gross errors with different levels of precision,which is reflected in the user range accuracy(URA)of the broadcast ephemeris.These gross errors can cause large deviations when using the GPS broadcast ephemeris for orbit calculation and lead to a decrease in the kinematic positioning accuracy.An improved weighting method which is based on the consistency relationship between the URA value and the orbital precision is proposed to improve the positioning accuracy by controlling the effect of gross errors in the broadcast ephemerides.The correction algorithm proposed in this paper was applied to real-time kinematic positioning with shipborne GPS data over the South China Sea.The results showed that the proposed positioning algorithm can effectively reduce the effects of gross errors in the broadcast ephemeris,and significantly improve the accuracy of the navigation and positioning.

Comparison of Results of Different GPS Post-processing Software

In order to obtain high-precision GPS control point results and provide high-precision known points for various projects,this study uses a variety of mature GPS post-processing software to process the observation data of the GPS control network of Guanyinge Reservoir,and compares the results obtained by several kinds of software.According to the test results,the reasons for the accuracy differences between different software are analyzed,and the optimal results are obtained in the analysis and comparison.The purpose of this paper is to provide useful reference for GPS software users to process data.

Development of a Post-Processing Automation Procedure for the GPS-Based Travel Time Data Collection Technique

The travel time data collection method is used to assist the congestion management. The use of traditional sensors (e.g. inductive loops, AVI sensors) or more recent Bluetooth sensors installed on major roads for collecting data is not sufficient because of their limited coverage and expensive costs for installation and maintenance. Application of the Global Positioning Systems (GPS) in travel time and delay data collections is proven to be efficient in terms of accuracy, level of details for the data and required data collection of man-power. While data collection automation is improved by the GPS technique, human errors can easily find their way through the post-processing phase, and therefore data post-processing remains a challenge especially in case of big projects with high amount of data. This paper introduces a stand-alone post-processing tool called GPS Calculator, which provides an easy-to-use environment to carry out data post-processing. This is a Visual Basic application that processes the data files obtained in the field and integrates them into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for analysis and representation. The results show that this tool obtains similar results to the currently used data post-processing method, reduces the post-processing effort, and also eliminates the need for the second person during the data collection.

Status of UnDifferenced and Uncombined GNSS Data Processing Activities in China

With the continued development of multiple Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)and the emergence of various frequencies,UnDifferenced and UnCombined(UDUC)data processing has become an increasingly attractive option.In this contribution,we provide an overview of the current status of UDUC GNSS data processing activities in China.These activities encompass the formulation of Precise Point Positioning(PPP)models and PPP-Real-Time Kinematic(PPP-RTK)models for processing single-station and multi-station GNSS data,respectively.Regarding single-station data processing,we discuss the advancements in PPP models,particularly the extension from a single system to multiple systems,and from dual frequencies to single and multiple frequencies.Additionally,we introduce the modified PPP model,which accounts for the time variation of receiver code biases,a departure from the conventional PPP model that typically assumes these biases to be time-constant.In the realm of multi-station PPP-RTK data processing,we introduce the ionosphere-weighted PPP-RTK model,which enhances the model strength by considering the spatial correlation of ionospheric delays.We also review the phase-only PPP-RTK model,designed to mitigate the impact of unmodelled code-related errors.Furthermore,we explore GLONASS PPP-RTK,achieved through the application of the integer-estimable model.For large-scale network data processing,we introduce the all-in-view PPP-RTK model,which alleviates the strict common-view requirement at all receivers.Moreover,we present the decentralized PPP-RTK data processing strategy,designed to improve computational efficiency.Overall,this work highlights the various advancements in UDUC GNSS data processing,providing insights into the state-of-the-art techniques employed in China to achieve precise GNSS applications.

Water storage changes in North America retrieved from GRACE gravity and GPS data

As global warming continues,the monitoring of changes in terrestrial water storage becomes increasingly important since it plays a critical role in understanding global change and water resource management.In North America as elsewhere in the world,changes in water resources strongly impact agriculture and animal husbandry.From a combination of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment（GRACE） gravity and Global Positioning System（GPS） data,it is recently found that water storage from August,2002 to March,2011 recovered after the extreme Canadian Prairies drought between 1999 and 2005.In this paper,we use GRACE monthly gravity data of Release 5 to track the water storage change from August,2002 to June,2014.In Canadian Prairies and the Great Lakes areas,the total water storage is found to have increased during the last decade by a rate of 73.8 ± 14.5 Gt/a,which is larger than that found in the previous study due to the longer time span of GRACE observations used and the reduction of the leakage error.We also find a long term decrease of water storage at a rate of-12.0 ± 4.2 Gt/a in Ungava Peninsula,possibly due to permafrost degradation and less snow accumulation during the winter in the region.In addition,the effect of total mass gain in the surveyed area,on present-day sea level,amounts to-0.18 mm/a,and thus should be taken into account in studies of global sea level change.

Continuous Tracking of GPS Signals with Data Wipe-Off Method

The decentralized pre-filter based vector tracking loop(VTL)configuration with data wipe-off(DWO)method of the Global Positioning System(GPS)receiver is proposed for performance enhancement.It is a challenging task to continuously track the satellites’signals in weak signal environment for the GPS receiver.VTL is a very attractive technique as it can provide tracking capability in signal-challenged environments.In the VTL,each channel will not form a loop independently.On the contrary,the signals in the channels of VTL are shared with each other;the navigation processor in turn predicts the code phases.Thus,the receiver can successfully track signals even the signal strength from individual satellite is weak.The tracking loop based on the pre-filter provides more flexible adjustment to specific environments to reduce noise interference.Therefore,even if the signals from some satellites are very weak the receiver can track them from the navigation results based on the other satellites.The navigation data,which contains information necessary to perform navigation computations,are binary phase-shift keying(BPSK)modulated onto the GPS carrier phase with the bit duration of 20 ms(i.e.,50 bits per second)for the GPS L1 C/A signals.The coherent integration interval can be extended for improved tracking performance in signal-challenged environment.However,tracking accuracy is decreased by possible data bit sign reversal.The DWO algorithm can be employed to remove the data bit in I and Q correlation values so as to avoid energy loss due to bit transitions when the integration interval of the correlator is extended over 20 ms under the low carrier-to-noise ratio(C/No)environments.The proposed method has an advantage to provide continuous tracking of signals and obtain improved navigation performance.Performance evaluation of the tracking capability as well as positioning accuracy will be presented.

Data Wipe-Off Technique for Tracking Weak GPS Signals

In this paper,the data wipe-off(DWO)algorithm is incorporated into the vector tracking loop of the Global Positioning System(GPS)receiver for improving signal tracking performance.The navigation data,which contains information that is necessary to perform navigation computations,are binary phase-shift keying(BPSK)modulated onto the GPS carrier phase with the bit duration of 20 ms(i.e.,50 bits per second).To continuously track the satellite’s signal in weak signal environment,the DWO algorithm on the basis of pre-detection method is adopted to detect data bit sign reversal every 20 ms.Tracking accuracy of a weak GPS signal is decreased by possible data bit sign reversal every 20 ms to the predetection integration time(PIT)or integration interval.To achieve better tracking performance in weak signal environment,the coherent integration interval can be extended.However,increase of the integration interval lead to decrease of the tracking accuracy by possible data bit sign reversal every 20 ms to the integration interval.When the integration interval of the correlator is extended over 20 ms in low C/No levels,the navigation DWO algorithm can be employed to avoid energy loss due to bit transitions.The method presented in this paper has an advantage to continuously estimate the navigation data bit and achieve improved tracking performance.Evaluation of the tracking performance based on the various integration intervals for the vector tracking loop of a GPS receiver will be presented.

Rupture process of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake from the joint inversion of teleseismic and GPS data

Teleseismic and GPS data were jointly inverted for the rupture process of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. The inversion results show that it is a bilateral rupture event with an average rupture velocity less than 2.0 km/s along the fault strike direction. The source rupture process consists of three sub-events, the first oc- curred near the hypocenter and the rest two ruptured along the up-dip direction and broke the sea bed, causing a maximum slip of about 30 m. The large-scale sea bed breakage may account for the tremendous tsunami disaster which resulted in most of the death and missing in this mega earthquake.

受天线高影响的GPS测量精度分析

通过指出测量天线高的两种不规范操作,剖析了GPS天线高的测量方法及误差特性。而后首先从原理上分析了受天线高影响下的GPS基线和独立环闭合差的精度,然后通过某案例对数据进行处理,将两种受天线高影响下的上述测量成果与正常情况下的成果作比较,对理论分析进行证实。结果表明由天线高产生的粗差对短基线的测量成果影响较大,对长基线也有一定的影响。进而得出结论,即对于基线较短的校园GPS控制网,必须要重视对天线高的正确测量方法。而对工程单位布设的基线较长的GPS控制网,要获取高精度的定位成果,也不能忽视天线高的测量工作。

基于FPGA的雷达/GPS数据融合存储系统设计

现阶段高速测绘成像雷达回波信号数据量大、传输速率快,完整的实时存储高精度GPS信息的雷达数据是测绘成像的关键,面对此类系统要求满足高精度、数据融合编帧、大容量、高速度、全程准确存储等一系列问题,该文设计一种高速雷达融合数据接口控制存储系统。该系统主控模块以FPGA作为主控芯片,接收10路30 MB/s的LVDS数据和1路GPS串口数据,并进行组合编帧,打包数据通过以太网发送给上位机,最后通过LabView上位机软件将数据存储在硬盘内。最终通过试验验证,可以完整无误地将融合采编数据存储在硬盘内。

北京市GPS网解算时IGS站的选取实验

用实验的方法,讨论了北京市GPS台网在用GAMIT软件解算时,选取IGS基准站的空间分布(南北半球、网内网缘、均匀展布)、数量分布(0到8个IGS站)对解算结果精度的影响。由于受观测站数量和IGS站观测数据质量的影响,在保证精度的前提下,为了提高观测数据的利用率,需要增加IGS站数量。根据2004全年的解算结果,北京台网选择9到10个IGS站较为合适。

基于GPS差分定位的变电站电磁干扰位置识别

由于变电站中各种设备的增加,会导致大量的电磁干扰产生,严重影响变电站的正常运行。为解决这一问题,设计一种基于全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)差分定位技术的变电站电磁干扰位置识别方法。设计电磁干扰采集平台,实现变电站电磁干扰信号的采集,并进行消噪处理与时域滤波处理。通过GPS差分定位技术实现变电站电磁干扰信号的位置识别。测试结果表明,该方法的单一干扰源平均定位误差低于20 cm,能够实现多干扰源的定位,同时对于较远距离的多干扰源有着较低的定位误差。

基于GPS双定位的智慧接地线定位系统

复杂电网结构的智慧接地线定位过程会受到其他线路的干扰,导致定位结果差,设计一种基于GPS双定位的智慧接地线抗干扰定位系统。对单片机处理器内部组成进行优化,在其中嵌入GPS定位模块和GSM定位模块,并分析了双定位模块的有关参数。计算不同信号所对应的载波相位与时间差,根据GPS/GSM双定位系统的信息接收模式进行数据信息融合,优化定位流程。系统性能测试结果表明,与传统定位系统相比,定位误差更小,定位精度更高,具有一定优越性。

GPS测量在城市地面沉降监测中的应用研究

为了研究用高精度的GPS高程测量来监测城市地面的沉降变化 ,在N市建立了GPS基准网和监测网。在观测中采取了一定的措施 ,以获得高精度的高程分量。顾及到对流层延迟的影响 ,采用Saastamoinen模型来计算对流层延迟的干分量 ,用随机过程模型来估计对流层延迟中的湿分量变化。基线解算采用了高精度解算软件Bemese ,网平差使用了PowerADJ科研版。实际算例表明 ,采用GPS技术进行城市地面沉降监测 ,获得了毫米级的高程精度 ,能够满足城市沉降监测的需要。

DGPS数据分析及定位精度研究

本文进行了 DGPS 数据分析及定位精度研究。通过试验分析表明,Ag132GPS 接收机接收到的卫星信号数可以满足使用卫星数量的要求。采用伪距差分纠偏后,Ag132GPS 接收机的 DGPS 单点定位精度可以达到 0.232 m,满足亚米级的定位精度。

中国区域GPS站海潮负荷形变特征分析

讨论5个全球海洋潮汐模型NAO99b、FES2004、GOT4.7、TPXO7.2和EOT11a在中国区域的差异性和适用性,并基于这些全球海潮模型和高分辨率区域海潮模型,分析中国区域GPS站海潮负荷形变特征。采用GIPSY软件对中国区域GPS站长时间观测数据进行处理,分析高精度区域海洋潮汐模型对中国沿海GPS站高精度位置时间序列的影响。分析表明,加入区域海洋潮汐负荷形变后,对GPS时间序列垂向的影响最大可达5.01mm,可能会引起GPS时间序列中包含15d和173d的虚假周期信号。

福建GPS资料与地震关系研究

通过对福建GPS台网资料在时间序列、基线处理、速度场及高频GPS数据方面的研究,探讨GPS数据资料与地震之间的关系,认为GPS资料在未来地震预报中将发挥至关重要的作用。

基于GPS授时的通信电源数据同步采集系统设计

为解决当前通信电源数据采集系统时效性较差、时间同步精度较低的问题,引入全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)授时,提出一种全新的通信电源数据同步采集系统。通过设计系统的硬件配置,搭建良好的硬件环境。在此基础上,设计系统采集数据包协议;利用GPS授时,设计数据采集时间同步逻辑;利用数据采集节点,采集并处理通信电源数据;建立同步数据库,对采集的通信电源数据进行有效的管理与存储。测试结果表明,应用该系统后,在通信电源数据量持续增加的情况下,系统时间同步精度始终达到98%以上,性能优势显著。

Bernese高精度GPS数据处理软件介绍及其应用实例

介绍了Bernese高精度GPS数据处理软件最新版本的主要功能、技术特点,及其GPS数据处理的基本流程。并通过实际算例分析得出了一些有益的结论。