基于VB-EKF的GPS/INS松组合导航定位算法

针对应用在无人机(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,UAV)中的全球定位系统/惯性导航系统(GPS/INS)松组合导航非线性系统受到外界噪声干扰导致量测噪声在滤波时不断变化,从而造成滤波精度下降等问题,提出一种变分贝叶斯扩展卡尔曼滤波(VB-EKF)算法。该算法利用EKF(Extended Kalman Filter)将非线性系统中的状态函数和量测函数展开为线性方程,并将两个不同的导航系统数据进行融合,避免了单系统导航定位发散的问题。考虑到组合系统中量测噪声的时变特性,引入变分贝叶斯算法进行改进,有效解决了系统滤波精度下降问题。仿真结果表明,VB-EKF较EKF算法可有效提高滤波稳定性,进而提高系统导航定位精度。

APPLICATION OF INTERVAL KALMAN FILTER TO AN INTEGRATED GPS/INS SYSTEM

An interval Kalman filter (IKF) algorithm based on the interval conditional expectation is applied to an integrated global positioning system/inertial navigation system (GPS/INS). Because the IKF algorithm is applicable only to linear interval systems, the extended interval Kalman filter (EIKF) algorithm for non linear integrated systems is developed. A high dynamic aircraft trajectory is designed to test the algorithm developed. The results of computer simulation indicate that the EIKF algorithm is consistent with the traditional SKF scheme, and is also effective for uncertain non linear integrated system.

A FAST KALMAN FILTER FOR INTEGRATED GPS/INS BASED ON U-D FACTORIZATION

A fast U D factorization based Kalman filter for the 21 state integrated global positioning system and inertial navigation system (GPS/INS) is developed from the point of engineering implementation. The conventional Kalman filter is widely used for integration of GPS/INS, however, due to the model and numerical computation errors, the Kalman filter may diverge in engineering implementation. In order to solve this problem, an extended Kalman filter based on the U D factorization is proposed. Moreover, the high order integrated system suffers from the problem of long computation time, leading to difficulties in real time applications. An algorithmic approach is developed to improve the computational speed. A typical aircraft trajectory is simulated to compare the improvement in the computational speed and the navigation accuracy using the conventional Kalman filter and the fast Kalman filter based on the U D factorization. The results indicate that the methods proposed in this paper are very effective in overcoming these problems for the high dynamic integrated GPS/INS system.

Adaptive Federal Kalman Filtering for SINS/GPS Integrated System

A new adaptive federal Kalman filter for a strapdown integrated navigation system/global positioning system (SINS/GPS) is given. The developed federal Kalman filter is based on the trace operation of parameters estimation's error covariance matrix and the spectral radius of update measurement noise variance-covariance matrix for the proper choice of the filter weight and hence the filter gain factors. Theoretical analysis and results from simulation in which the SINS/GPS was compared to conventional Kalman filter are presented. Results show that the algorithm of this adaptive federal Kalman filter is simpler than that of the conventional one. Furthermore, it outperforms the conventional Kalman filter when the system is undertaken measurement malfunctions because of its possession of adaptive ability. This filter can be used in the vehicle integrated navigation system.

Hybrid Kalman and unscented Kalman filters for INS/GPS integrated system considering constant lever arm effect

In inertial navigation system(INS) and global positioning system(GPS) integrated system, GPS antennas are usually not located at the same location as the inertial measurement unit(IMU) of the INS, so the lever arm effect exists, which makes the observation equation highly nonlinear. The INS/GPS integration with constant lever arm effect is studied. The position relation of IMU and GPS's antenna is represented in the earth centered earth fixed frame, while the velocity relation of these two systems is represented in local horizontal frame. Due to the small integration time interval of INS, i.e. 0.1 s in this work, the nonlinearity in the INS error equation is trivial, so the linear INS error model is constructed and addressed by Kalman filter's prediction step. On the other hand, the high nonlinearity in the observation equation due to lever arm effect is addressed by unscented Kalman filter's update step to attain higher accuracy and better applicability. Simulation is designed and the performance of the hybrid filter is validated.

扩展区间Kalman滤波器及其在GPS/INS组合导航中的应用

针对具有不确定动态模型参数的GPS/INS组合导航系统,首先介绍一种新型的区间Kalman滤波器,讨论了GPS/INS组合系统中模型参数不确定性的问题,分析了惯性传感器建模中相关时间常数的区间特性,并建立了适合非线性特性的GPS/INS组合系统的扩展区间卡尔曼滤波器。计算结果表明,扩展区间卡尔曼滤波器对非线性GPS/INS组合系统是很有效的,它能给出组合系统导航误差的上下界,这对组合系统的设计具有指导的意义。

一种两步自适应抗差Kalman滤波在GPS/INS组合导航中的应用

针对伪距、伪距率紧组合导航精度低、姿态角误差修正误差较大的缺点,从参数可观测性角度提出一种两步自适应Kalman滤波算法。首先简单介绍紧组合Kalman滤波的过程,然后给出两步自适应抗差滤波的公式和具体步骤,并且进行分析和比较。最后用实测算例对提出的算法进行验证。结果表明,相比于伪距、伪距率紧组合Kalman滤波,两步自适应抗差滤波的导航精度受组合周期的长短、INS惯性元件误差的大小影响较小,精度略有提高,更重要的是能够控制动态扰动异常和观测异常的影响,在惯性元件误差较大的情形下也能够很好地估计元件误差,避免姿态角错误修正。

基于自适应扩展Kalman滤波的SINS/GPS深组合研究

针对SINS/GPS组合导航系统噪声随时间变化引起卡尔曼滤波精度下降的问题,提出了一种噪声统计特性在线估计的自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波算法。算法首先基于新息序列实现了对观测噪声协方差的实时估计,然后基于系统方程采用协方差匹配算法完成了对过程噪声的实时跟踪。算法中尺度因子的引入进一步减小了泰勒展开造成的高阶截断误差,提高了滤波精度。仿真实验结果说明,与传统卡尔曼滤波算法相比,该算法能够实现对过程和观测噪声的完全估计,鲁棒性和精度都有明显提高。

改进自适应Kalman滤波的SINS/GPS紧组合导航

当系统噪声和量测噪声统计特性不明确时,基于新息的自适应滤波对两种噪声进行估计时存在相关性,与实际情况不符而影响滤波精度。针对这种情况,提出改进的自适应滤波算法。首先建立了SINS/GPS紧组合导航系统空间方程;然后介绍了自适应卡尔曼滤波原理,指出了此算法对两种噪声估计出现相关性的原因,在此基础上提出了改进的自适应卡尔曼滤波算法,改进算法对系统噪声和量测噪声同时进行在线估计,解决了原算法存在的不足;通过半实物仿真实验可以看出,在系统噪声和量测噪声不明确时改进算法的估计精度,与原有算法在系统噪声和量测噪声已知时的估计精度相当,充分说明了改进算法的实用性。

SINS/GPS组合导航系统自适应扩展Kalman滤波

对于低成本SINS/GPS组合导航系统,由于惯性器件的精度较低,通常情况下的SINS误差模型估计不准确,甚至使滤波器发散,为此提出根据姿态四元数的SINS误差估计模型,该模型不需要对初始姿态进行赋值。为在观测噪声未知的情况下估计SINS误差,通过结合序贯处理与Kalman滤波算法,提出一种自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波方法,该方法可以同时进行序贯处理和观测噪声估计。仿真实验结果表明,该方法可以消除过程噪声方差和观测噪声方差不确定造成的影响,提高了SINS/GPS导航系统的性能。

区间自适应Kalman滤波算法在GPS/INS组合导航中的应用

基于区间数学概念将GPS/INS组合系统的不确定参数区间化,提出一种带有不确定参数的自适应因子构造方法。将自适应因子在不确定参数区间中点处进行一阶泰勒展开,再利用区间四则运算,获得了导航误差的上下界。采用自行研发的GPS/INS组合导航系统进行试验研究,结果验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性。

SINS/GPS组合导航系统Kalman滤波仿真研究

为提高捷联惯导系统SINS和全球定位系统GPS的精度和可靠性,研究了SINS和GPS的原理,建立了SINS/GPS系统的状态方程和位置速度误差量测方程;并采用卡尔曼滤波算法实现了SINS/GPS的组合导航。Matlab仿真结果证明,采用Kalman滤波实现SINS/GPS组合导航,其精度得到大大提高;且采用SINS/GPS组合导航系统,克服了SINS惯性导航难以长时间独立工作的缺点,解决了GPS易失锁、难以实时控制的不足,保证了导航系统的实时性及较高的精度和可靠性。

APPLYINGSUCCESSIVEORTHOGONALIZATIONDECENTRALIZEDKALMANFILTERTOGPS／INSINTEGRATEDNAVIGATIONSYSTEM

The Successive Orthogonalization Decentralized Kalman Filter (SODKF ) is a new method which is used for large system state estimation. It can be applied not only to large system decentralization, but also to precision realization at approximately the same level of the global filter, thus, making possible the engineering operation as well as shortening the computing time. This paper discusses the principles and features of SODKF when used in GPS/INS integrated navigation system. The system will be firstly divided into three subsystems and then corrected in both open and closed loops. The system simulation results by two integrated patterns show that SODKF is efficient and realizable. While the three subsystems are simulated in series, the computing speed doubles that of the global system. In addition, its optimal estimating precision remains unchanged. It can be concluded from this paper that large integrated navigation systems with GPS, INS, Terrain Match, Loran C, Doppler Radar and Radio Altimeter can be made more efficient by this multi subsystem of navigation.

GPS与INS组合的便携式轨道类游乐设施轨迹研究

为检测轨道类游乐设施运行速度和轨迹,利用安卓智能手机内置的惯性导航系统(INS)、卫星导航系统(GPS)进行轨道类游乐设施运行加速度、角速度等数据进行采集分析;采用捷联惯性导航系统,建立轨道类游乐设施轨迹姿态解算模型,以卡尔曼滤波器为基础,在Matlab软件中构建松耦合模式的组合导航系统,对INS输出的速度、位置数据进行校正;在试验场地对游乐设施数据进行采集并进行处理,基于UG NX二次开发实现轨道游乐设施姿态信息显示、轨迹拟合。实验结果验证了使用安卓智能手机内置的INS\GPS组合导航系统采集轨道类游乐设施数据、运行轨迹的可行性,弥补了轨道类游乐设施姿态和轨迹测量相关研究的不足。

Cubature Kalman Filter Under Minimum Error Entropy With Fiducial Points for INS/GPS Integration

Traditional cubature Kalman filter(CKF)is a preferable tool for the inertial navigation system(INS)/global positioning system(GPS)integration under Gaussian noises.The CKF,however,may provide a significantly biased estimate when the INS/GPS system suffers from complex non-Gaussian disturbances.To address this issue,a robust nonlinear Kalman filter referred to as cubature Kalman filter under minimum error entropy with fiducial points(MEEF-CKF)is proposed.The MEEF-CKF behaves a strong robustness against complex nonGaussian noises by operating several major steps,i.e.,regression model construction,robust state estimation and free parameters optimization.More concretely,a regression model is constructed with the consideration of residual error caused by linearizing a nonlinear function at the first step.The MEEF-CKF is then developed by solving an optimization problem based on minimum error entropy with fiducial points(MEEF)under the framework of the regression model.In the MEEF-CKF,a novel optimization approach is provided for the purpose of determining free parameters adaptively.In addition,the computational complexity and convergence analyses of the MEEF-CKF are conducted for demonstrating the calculational burden and convergence characteristic.The enhanced robustness of the MEEF-CKF is demonstrated by Monte Carlo simulations on the application of a target tracking with INS/GPS integration under complex nonGaussian noises.

基于Kalman滤波的SINS/GPS组合导航系统的误差分析

本文对SINS/GPS系统误差模型进行了推导,在失准角小角度情况下惯性系统误差模型的基础上提出了一种基于Kalman滤波的SINS/GPS组合导航系统的二维误差分析方法。采用工程上较易实现的松耦合的组合方式,建立了位置、速度组合导航模型,并对速度组合、位置组合、速度位置组合方式进行了仿真对比分析。

基于GPS/INS的自适应无迹Kalman滤波算法

载体的姿态参数是导航系统重要的影响因素,为提高姿态角测量精度,以INS和GPS紧组合导航系统为研究背景,针对无迹Kalman滤波算法对误差模型较敏感、新息噪声干扰数据需预处理、算法实效性低等缺点,提出改进的自适应无迹Kalman滤波算法。首先,用自适应窗口在线估计系统噪声和量测噪声的协方差值,得到与实际噪声更贴近的统计特性,减小数据预处理的干扰;其次,对状态预测方差阵引入次优渐消因子减少计算量,同时为了减少模型的精度损耗,对滤波过程引入统计量,确定模型不确定性检测阈值;最后,用扩展Kalman滤波、无迹Kalman滤波和改进后的新滤波算法对无人机航向轨迹进行数据处理。结果分析可得,改进的滤波融合算法能将姿态的测量精度提高到0.1°,具有更强的收敛性,能较好地抑制漂移误差。

SINS/GPS组合导航的扩展Kalman滤波算法

针对捷联惯性导航系统(SINS)无法长时间单独工作和GPS卫星信号易失锁而无法定位的问题,分析了两种导航系统的优缺点,提出了SINS/GPS组合导航的方法.建立了陀螺和加速度计的误差模型,采用松耦合方式,设计了扩展Kalman滤波器.以姿态、速度、位置的误差以及陀螺、加速度计的误差作为状态变量,对姿态、速度、位置进行校正.运用Matlab对组合导航系统进行了仿真.结果表明,该算法简单,容易实现,能满足导航精度要求.

A Quaternion Scaled Unscented Kalman Estimator for Inertial Navigation States Determination Using INS/GPS/Magnetometer Fusion

This Inertial Navigation System (INS), Global Positioning System (GPS) and fluxgate magnetometer technologies have been widely used in a variety of positioning and navigation applications. In this paper, a low cost solid state INS/GPS/Magnetometer integrated navigation system has been developed that incorporates measurements from an Inertial Navigation System (INS), Global Positioning System (GPS) and fluxgate magnetometer (Mag.) to provide a reliable complete navigation solution at a high output rate. The body attitude estimates, especially the heading angle, are fundamental challenges in a navigation system. Therefore targeting accurate attitude estimation is considered a significant contribution to the overall navigation error. A better estimation of the body attitude estimates leads to more accurate position and velocity estimation. For that end, the aim of this research is to exploit the magnetometer and accelerometer data in the attitude estimation technique. In this paper, a Scaled Unscented Kalman Filter (SUKF) based on the quaternion concept is designed for the INS/GPS/Mag integrated navigation system under large attitude error conditions. Simulation and experimental results indicate a satisfactory performance of the newly developed model.

Estimation of Quaternion Motion for GPS-Based Attitude Determination Using the Extended Kalman Filter

In this paper,the Global Positioning System(GPS)interferometer provides the preliminarily computed quaternions,which are then employed as the measurement of the extended Kalman filter(EKF)for the attitude determination system.The estimated quaternion elements from the EKF output with noticeably improved precision can be converted to the Euler angles for navigation applications.The aim of the study is twofold.Firstly,the GPS-based computed quaternion vector is utilized to avoid the singularity problem.Secondly,the quaternion estimator based on the EKF is adopted to improve the estimation accuracy.Determination of the unknown baseline vector between the antennas sits at the heart of GPS-based attitude determination.Although utilization of the carrier phase observables enables the relative positioning to achieve centimeter level accuracy,however,the quaternion elements derived from the GPS interferometer are inherently noisy.This is due to the fact that the baseline vectors estimated by the least-squares method are based on the raw double-differenced measurements.Construction of the transformation matrix is accessible according to the estimate of baseline vectors and thereafter the computed quaternion elements can be derived.Using the Euler angle method,the process becomes meaningless when the angles are at 90where the singularity problem occurs.A good alternative is the quaternion approach,which possesses advantages over the equivalent Euler angle based transformation since they apply to all attitudes.Simulation results on the attitude estimation performance based on the proposed method will be presented and compared to the conventional method.The results presented in this paper elucidate the superiority of proposed algorithm.