结合GPS/Leveling和正高改正确定GPS常年观测站正高

利用精密几何水准测量结合GPS/Leveling方法计算韩国行政自治部管辖内30所GPS常年观测站天线基准点的正高。并联合进行对水准点和GPS常年观测站偏心点的重力测量,使用正高改正方法计算出其改正量,提高正高的精确度。

Vertical accuracy evaluation of freely available latest high-resolution(30 m)global digital elevation models over Cameroon(Central Africa)with GPS/leveling ground control points.

Digital Elevation Models(DEMs)contain topographic relief data that are vital for many geoscience applications.This study relies on the vertical accuracy of publicly available latest high-resolution(30 m)global DEMs over Cameroon.These models are(1)the ALOS World 3D-30 m(AW3D30),(2)the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission 1 Arc-Second CBand Global DEM(SRTM 1)and(3)the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Global DEM Version 2(ASTER GDEM 2).After matching their coordinate systems and datums,the horizontal positional accuracy evaluation was carried out and it shows that geolocation errors significantly influence the vertical accuracy of global DEMs.After this,the three models are compared among them,in order to access random and systematic effects in the elevation data each of them contains.Further,heights from 555 GPS/leveling points distributed all over Cameroon are compared to each DEM,for their vertical accuracy determination.Traditional and robust statistical measures,normality test,outlier detection and removal were used to describe the vertical quality of the DEMs.The test of the normality rejected the hypothesis of normal distribution for all tested global DEMs.Overall vertical accuracies obtained for the three models after georeferencing and gross error removal in terms of Root Mean Square(RMS)and Normalized Median Absolute Deviation(NMAD)are:AW3D30(13.06 m and 7.75 m),SRTM 1(13.25 m and 7.41 m)and ASTER GDEM 2(18.87 m and 13.30 m).Other accuracy measures(MED,68.3% quantile,95% quantile)supply some evidence of the good quality of AW3D30 over Cameroon.Further,the effect of land cover and slope on DEM vertical accuracy was also analyzed.All models have proved to be worse in the areas dominated by forests and shrubs areas.SRTM 1 and AW3D30 are more resilient to the effects of the scattering objects respectively in forests and cultivated areas.The dependency of DEMs accuracy on the terrain roughness is evident.In all slope intervals,AW3D30 is performing better than SRTM 1 and ASTER GDEM 2 over Cameroon.AW3D30 is more representative of the external topography over Cameroon in comparison with two others datasets and SRTM 1 can be a serious alternative to AW3D30 for a range of DEM applications in Cameroon.

Monitoring absolute vertical land motions and absolute sea-level changes from GPS and tide gauges data over French Polynesia

In this study,we estimate the absolute vertical land motions at three tidal stations with collocated Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)receivers over French Polynesia during the period 2007-2020,and obtain,as ancillary results,estimates of the absolute changes in sea level at the same locations.To verify our processing approach to determining vertical motion,we first modeled vertical motion at the International GNSS Service(IGS)THTI station located in the capital island of Tahiti and compared our estimate with previous independent determinations,with a good agreement.We obtained the following estimates for the vertical land motions at the tide gauges:Tubuai island,Austral Archipelago-0.92±0.17 mm/yr,Vairao village,Tahiti Iti:-0.49±0.39 mm/yr,Rikitea,Gambier Archipelago-0.43±0.17 mm/yr.The absolute variations of the sea level are:Tubuai island,Austral Archipelago 5.25±0.60 mm/yr,Vairao village,Tahiti Iti:3.62±0.52 mm/yr,Rikitea,Gambier Archipelago 1.52±0.23 mm/yr.We discuss these absolute values in light of the values obtained from altimetric measurements and other means in French Polynesia.

Present-day 3D deformation field of Northeast China,observed by GPS and leveling

A broad view of present-day 3D deformation field around the Northeast China region was derived from GPS and leveling observations. We draw the following conclusions： First, the Northeast China region moved towards northwest with an average velocity of 5 ram/a, with respect to South China. The entire Northeast China region was in a low strain state from the strain rate field. Second, we processed two periods of first- order leveling data in 1970s and 1990s, showing the vertical deformation of the Northeast China region is ＂uplift in western part and subsidence in eastern part＇

Comparative study on vertical deformation based on GPS and leveling data

The development of GPS(Global Positioning System) technology has led to increasingly widely and successful applications of GPS surveys for monitoring crustal movements. However, multi-period GPS survey solutions have not been applied in monitoring vertical crustal movements with normal backgrounds. In this paper, we carried out a comparative study on the vertical deformation of the comprehensive profile of the cross-fault zone in Shanyin, Shanxi province, China, based on GPS and precise leveling observation data for multiple time periods. The vertical deformation rates observed with repeating GPS survey are obviously different(over 20 mm/y at some sites) from those with repeating leveling survey within a relatively short period. However, the deviations in the vertical displacement between GPS and leveling in a long-term survey(over three years) showed good consistency at 3-4 mm/y at most sites, on GPS forced offset surveying and fixed survey instruments in a long-term survey(over three years). Therefore, GPS vertical displacement results can be applied to the study of vertical crustal movements.

Study on curved surface fitting model using GPS and leveling in local area

The height anomaly surface is fitt and the quasi-geoid can be obtained when the height anomaly is determined with the geometric analytic method. Therefore, some mathematical models to fit height anomaly surface using GPS, leveling and terrain data in a local area, including the polynomial fitting model, the multi-surface function fitting model, the motion surface fitting model and the fitting model of little flexibility deformation of thin board, are given. Then the digital characteristics are analyzed with the curved surface theory. The General curvature and the mean curvature of surface are concluded. The advantage, disadvantage and application of the above models are discussed. The effect of terrain undulation on height anomaly is considered in the surface fitting models. The practical case indicates that these models are of validity and practicability. It is concluded that the above models can give the good fitting results at the centimeter level. But the polynomial fitting model is worse than the other models.

Deformation Evolution Characteristics Revealed by GPS and Cross-fault Leveling Data before the M_S8. 0 Wenchuan Earthquake

Based on GPS velocity during 1999-2007,GPS baseline time series on large scale during1999-2008 and cross-fault leveling data during 1985-2008,the paper makes some analysis and discussion to study and summarize the movement,tectonic deformation and strain accumulation evolution characteristics of the Longmenshan fault and the surrounding area before the MS8. 0 Wenchuan earthquake,as well as the possible physical mechanism late in the seismic cycle of the Wenchuan earthquake. Multiple results indicate that:GPS velocity profiles show that obvious continuous deformation across the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau before the earthquake was distributed across a zone at least 500 km wide,while there was little deformation in Sichuan Basin and Longmenshan fault zone,which means that the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau provides energy accumulation for locked Longmenshan fault zone continuously. GPS strain rates show that the east-west compression deformation was larger in the northwest of the mid-northern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone,and deformation amplitude decreased gradually from far field to near fault zone,and there was little deformation in fault zone. The east-west compression deformation was significant surrounding the southwestern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone,and strain accumulation rate was larger than that of mid-northern segment.Fault locking indicates nearly whole Longmenshan fault was locked before the earthquake except the source of the earthquake which was weakly locked,and a 20 km width patch in southwestern segment between 12 km to 22. 5 km depth was in creeping state. GPS baseline time series in northeast direction on large scale became compressive generally from 2005 in the North-South Seismic Belt,which reflects that relative compression deformation enhances. The cross-fault leveling data show that annual vertical change rate and deformation trend accumulation rate in the Longmenshan fault zone were little,which indicates that vertical activity near the fault was very weak and the fault was tightly locked. According to analyses of GPS and cross-fault leveling data before the Wenchuan earthquake,we consider that the Longmenshan fault is tightly locked from the surface to the deep,and the horizontal and vertical deformation are weak surrounding the fault in relatively small-scale crustal deformation. The process of weak deformation may be slow,and weak deformation area may be larger when large earthquake is coming. Continuous and slow compression deformation across eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau before the earthquake provides dynamic support for strain accumulation in the Longmenshan fault zone in relative large-scale crustal deformation.

Estimation of Subsidence in Po Delta Area (Northern Italy) by Integration of GPS Data, High-Precision Leveling and Archival Orthometric Elevations

Subsidence in a deformation area can be measured in various ways, examples being conventional high-precision leveling, differential InSAR and multi-temporal GPS surveys. Integration of methods can improve results, and is crucial to extract high-precision data. In particular, orthometric and ellipsoid elevations, surveyed at different moments in time, can be compared to yield information on vertical movements when geoid anomalies are known. However, a data checking procedure must be applied if archival orthometric elevations are used, because long-term measurements for many historical benchmarks may have been lost and/or replaced with other points, but at different elevations. This type of checking can be carried out over an area without gravimetric anomalies by modeling geoid undulations and vertical displacements in the time-span used for analysis, excluding points with anomalous values. This procedure was tested and applied in the Po Delta area (northern Italy), historically subject to high subsidence rates: the leveling benchmarks of 1983 were measured with the GPS technique in 2008. After checking of archival data and transformation from ellipsoid to orthometric elevations, comparisons of the same points and interpolations on the study area provided a subsidence map for the 1983-2008 period.

Establishment and Data Processing of High-Precision City Subsidence Monitoring Network by GPS Surveying Instead of Leveling

The feasibility of moni-toring the change of city settlementusing GPS surveying instead of level-ing is studied. A fiducial network anda monitoring network are establishedin Ningbo city. Two periods of GPSobservation are completed. Somemeasures are taken during the obser-vation in order to ensure to obtain thehigh-precise height component. TheSaastamoinen model is adopted in thedata processing of the dry componentpart of the tropospheric delay. Thewet component change of the tropo-spheric delay is estimated by stochasticprocesses model. When Bernese soft-ware is used to process the data, themillimeter level precision of heightmeasuring is achieved.

Research on Deformation Mode of the Longmenshan-Longriba Region Using GPS and Leveling Data

The Longmenshan-Longriba region is located on the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, and is an ideal place to study the eastward extrusion and uplift mechanism of the plateau. Previous studies on this area mainly focused on tectonic activity and seismic hazard, with few studies giving its overall deformation characteristics and dynamic mechanism. This paper uses the latest dense GPS data, combined with precise Leveling data to analyze the kinematic characteristics and deformation mode of the Longmenshan fault zone (LMSF) and the Longriba fault zone (LRBF). The results show that both the Longmenshan fault zone and the Longriba fault zone have certain right-lateral strike-slip and thrusting, indicating that they play an important role in adjusting strain distribution and absorbing tectonic deformation;The strain-rate field on the Longriba fault zone is broadly distributed, suggesting that the deformation field is at least partially coupled;while the strain-rate field on the Longmenshan fault zone presents a non-uniform distribution, indicating different dynamic sources acting on segments. The high strain rate areas revealed in this study points us to the high-risk area for future earthquakes. The present-day vertical motion velocity field in the region obtained from Leveling and GPS data shows a mismatch between the regional deformation field and active tectonics, which can be explained by the incomplete coupling of deformation between the lower and upper crust.

南极和格陵兰岛GPS连续台站背景噪声时空特性

基于GPS观测数据获取的陆地垂向运动对研究现今两极区域的冰川质量变化具有重要的科学意义.受地表环境负荷对GPS时间序列中背景噪声空间异质性的影响,在利用GPS时间序列获取垂向速度场时,估计结果存在较大不确定度.本文针对南极和格陵兰岛区域的GPS连续观测时间序列中背景噪声的空间特性对速度场及其不确定度的影响问题,利用地表环境负荷模型(包括大气、非潮汐海洋和水文负荷)和重力卫星GRACE/GRACE-FO观测数据反演的地表弹性形变对GPS时间序列进行了改正.通过对改正前后的数据进行背景噪声特性分析,揭示出修正环境负荷形变能够有效降低极区GPS时间序列背景噪声幅度,但是大气和非潮汐海洋负荷改正造成了大多数台站背景噪声谱指数的减小,南极和格陵兰岛分别约为其GPS台站总数的46.1%和84.6%,直接导致了对GPS速度不确定度估计的改善效果不明显.对背景噪声空间异质性的研究结果表明,极区台站的背景噪声参数主要表现为随纬度变化的空间特性.

一种车辆GPS轨迹数据的改进地图匹配算法

文中提出一种车辆GPS轨迹数据的改进地图匹配算法.以车辆GPS轨迹数据进行隐马尔可夫模型动态地图匹配后的缓冲区内候选路径为初始群体,以遗传算法中的改进的适应度函数为基准进行半交叉迭代,选择车辆轨迹更优的匹配路径;设计了改进地图匹配方法的算法流程;利用微软亚洲团队的GeoLift轨迹数据集验证了改进方法的有效性.

GPS的现代化进展及启示

目前的全球定位系统(GPS)相关信息内容多,良莠不齐,导致出现一些二手信息误导读者的问题。该文以GPS官方机构近些年公开发布的相关技术文件为依据,梳理了GPS的现代化发展历程,阐述了导航卫星上新增加的民用信号及军用信号、新一代运行控制系统、新型GPS BlockⅢ/IIIF卫星的特点,介绍了GPS Block IIIF上使用的点波束技术,并提出了几点启示。GPS是世界上第一个建成的全球卫星导航系统(GNSS),全球覆盖程度、软件应用、全球用户数量等指标都处于领先地位,它的很多技术发展方向代表当前的主流趋势。GPS建设过程中的经验教训值得我们借鉴,GPS的发展方向值得我们学习和参考。本文内容可供卫星导航行业相关人员参考。

GPS时间序列共模误差提取方法及对比分析

区域GPS网中,各个测站坐标时间序列会存在共模误差(CME),该误差会对GPS测站坐标精度产生一定影响,因此去除共模误差对提高站点观测精度具有重要意义。本文在叠加滤波方法的基础上,以各个GPS站点相关性大小为权重进行加权,利用相关加权滤波方法对辽宁及周边省份GPS观测数据进行处理分析,提取共模误差向量,并与叠加滤波的结果进行对比和分析。结果表明,两者均能在一定程度上提取共模误差向量,相关加权叠加滤波法比叠加滤波法具有更好的适用性,均方根提升更为明显,能够更好地提取共模误差。

中国内地GPS坐标时间序列噪声模型特征及其对站点速率影响

为了进一步评估全球定位系统(GPS)时间序列噪声模型水平和垂直速率的大小,及其对误差的影响,选取中国内地227个GPS连续基准站2010—2020年南北、东西和垂直3个方向的坐标时间序列,采用6种噪声模型或噪声组合模型对其进行噪声分析。结果表明,中国内地GPS坐标时间序列噪声模型存在多样性,且部分站点在不同方向的噪声模型也存在差异,主要以一阶高斯马尔可夫+随机漫步噪声(GGMWN)和闪烁噪声+白噪声(FNWN)为主;在100°E附近的GPS站点噪声特性差异最为显著;噪声模型与速率之间的关系分析表明噪声模型对水平向速率的大小和误差影响较小,在现实计算中可不考虑噪声对水平速度的影响,但对垂向速率的大小和误差影响显著;考虑噪声模型可有效提高垂向速率的精度,同时也可能会改变部分站点的垂向运动方向,所以在现实计算中须考虑噪声对垂向速率的影响。

基于GPS轨迹数据的电动出租车充电站选址规划

针对电动汽车保有量持续增长、充电设施匮乏难以满足用户需求的问题,提出一种基于GPS轨迹数据的电动出租车充电站选址规划方案。首先利用出租车GPS数据分析用户潜在充电需求并提取需求分布;其次提出一种基于网格密度分区的DBSCAN聚类方法,与传统算法相比DB指数由0.34降为0.30,对需求进行聚类和划分需求密集区,设置预选站址;最后,构建集合覆盖模型实现站址优化。利用此方案对北京大兴区出租车轨迹数据进行仿真,得出了合理的选址结果,即该方案可为电动出租车充电站规划提供参考。

基于Spark Streaming的海量GPS数据实时地图匹配算法

浮动车GPS数据作为交通信息处理的基础,随着被监控车辆数量的高速增长,产生了海量GPS数据,对地图匹配提出了挑战。为了解决传统匹配方法难以满足匹配效率和精度的不足,提出一种针对海量GPS数据的实时并行地图匹配算法,能够同时保证较高匹配精度和运算效率。为构建一种面向实时数据流的高效、准确实时地图匹配算法,首先通过引入速度、方向综合权重因子对依赖历史轨迹的离线地图匹配算法进行重构,进而引入Spark Streaming分布式计算框架,实现地图匹配算法的实时、并行运算,大幅提升实时地图匹配效率。实验结果表明,该算法在复杂路段的匹配准确率较常规拓扑匹配算法提高10%以上,整体匹配准确率达到95%以上;在匹配效率方面,较同等数量的单机服务器效率可提高4倍左右。实验结果表明,该算法在由11台机器组成的计算集群上实现8000万个GPS数据点的实时地图匹配,证明了该算法可以完成城市地区的实时车辆匹配。

基于One NET云平台和北斗GPS双模定位的智慧停车系统

本文指出目前智慧停车面临三大技术难题:一是如何实现高精度停车位置定位;二是如何准确实现车位空闲状态检测;三是构建互联互通的停车场停车信息网络系统并对接到云平台,实现整个城市停车信息的大数据共享。为此,本文设计了一款基于OneNET云平台和北斗GPS双模定位的智慧停车系统,从理论上可解决上述3个关键问题。系统经过测试运行正常,数据收发正常,各传感器和北斗GPS定位数据准确,云平台数据更新保持在1~2 s之间。表明该系统具有车位状态监测准确、位置定位可精确到分米级别、数据上传到云平台存储和显示快速及时的特点,能够提高停车场的利用率和周转率,方便车主出行和生活。

结合GPS和LBS技术的计算机远程遥控方法

针对复杂环境中建筑物和遮挡物对计算机远程遥控的干扰,为提高覆盖范围,提出结合GPS和LBS技术的计算机远程遥控方法。分析计算机远程遥控系统组成,32位STM32F103ZET6微控制器主控,结合通信组件与遥控主体实现远程操控及实时动态反馈。结合GPS和LBS技术,利用RSSI定位技术辅助WIFI网络定位,通过服务器计算并存储远程遥控目标位置信息,实现快速准确的定位功能。构建目标运行轨迹规划模型,旨在通过优化方法,在目标运行范围内规划最优轨迹点,以最小化运行距离和高度为代价,同时考虑运行限制和干扰规范,确保目标安全高效地运行。实验表明,该方法能稳定可靠地实现无人机目标的计算机远程遥控,在实际应用中鲁棒性和适应性良好,异常情况下可快速恢复并保持较高控制精度。

基于GPS定位技术设计的老年智能服装

随着人口老龄化的加快,老年人口走失数不断增多。为解决老年人走失问题,智能定位服装的开发具有必要性。文章主要阐述了老年智能定位服装的研究现状,从生理、心理等角度分析了老年智能服装的设计需求,基于此,设计了一款基于全球定位系统(GPS)定位技术的智能定位服装,并对成衣进行测验。测验发现,所设计的智能定位服装能有效减少老年人走失情况。