Monitoring absolute vertical land motions and absolute sea-level changes from GPS and tide gauges data over French Polynesia

In this study,we estimate the absolute vertical land motions at three tidal stations with collocated Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)receivers over French Polynesia during the period 2007-2020,and obtain,as ancillary results,estimates of the absolute changes in sea level at the same locations.To verify our processing approach to determining vertical motion,we first modeled vertical motion at the International GNSS Service(IGS)THTI station located in the capital island of Tahiti and compared our estimate with previous independent determinations,with a good agreement.We obtained the following estimates for the vertical land motions at the tide gauges:Tubuai island,Austral Archipelago-0.92±0.17 mm/yr,Vairao village,Tahiti Iti:-0.49±0.39 mm/yr,Rikitea,Gambier Archipelago-0.43±0.17 mm/yr.The absolute variations of the sea level are:Tubuai island,Austral Archipelago 5.25±0.60 mm/yr,Vairao village,Tahiti Iti:3.62±0.52 mm/yr,Rikitea,Gambier Archipelago 1.52±0.23 mm/yr.We discuss these absolute values in light of the values obtained from altimetric measurements and other means in French Polynesia.

Comparative study on vertical deformation based on GPS and leveling data

The development of GPS(Global Positioning System) technology has led to increasingly widely and successful applications of GPS surveys for monitoring crustal movements. However, multi-period GPS survey solutions have not been applied in monitoring vertical crustal movements with normal backgrounds. In this paper, we carried out a comparative study on the vertical deformation of the comprehensive profile of the cross-fault zone in Shanyin, Shanxi province, China, based on GPS and precise leveling observation data for multiple time periods. The vertical deformation rates observed with repeating GPS survey are obviously different(over 20 mm/y at some sites) from those with repeating leveling survey within a relatively short period. However, the deviations in the vertical displacement between GPS and leveling in a long-term survey(over three years) showed good consistency at 3-4 mm/y at most sites, on GPS forced offset surveying and fixed survey instruments in a long-term survey(over three years). Therefore, GPS vertical displacement results can be applied to the study of vertical crustal movements.

Deformation Evolution Characteristics Revealed by GPS and Cross-fault Leveling Data before the M_S8. 0 Wenchuan Earthquake

Based on GPS velocity during 1999-2007,GPS baseline time series on large scale during1999-2008 and cross-fault leveling data during 1985-2008,the paper makes some analysis and discussion to study and summarize the movement,tectonic deformation and strain accumulation evolution characteristics of the Longmenshan fault and the surrounding area before the MS8. 0 Wenchuan earthquake,as well as the possible physical mechanism late in the seismic cycle of the Wenchuan earthquake. Multiple results indicate that:GPS velocity profiles show that obvious continuous deformation across the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau before the earthquake was distributed across a zone at least 500 km wide,while there was little deformation in Sichuan Basin and Longmenshan fault zone,which means that the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau provides energy accumulation for locked Longmenshan fault zone continuously. GPS strain rates show that the east-west compression deformation was larger in the northwest of the mid-northern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone,and deformation amplitude decreased gradually from far field to near fault zone,and there was little deformation in fault zone. The east-west compression deformation was significant surrounding the southwestern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone,and strain accumulation rate was larger than that of mid-northern segment.Fault locking indicates nearly whole Longmenshan fault was locked before the earthquake except the source of the earthquake which was weakly locked,and a 20 km width patch in southwestern segment between 12 km to 22. 5 km depth was in creeping state. GPS baseline time series in northeast direction on large scale became compressive generally from 2005 in the North-South Seismic Belt,which reflects that relative compression deformation enhances. The cross-fault leveling data show that annual vertical change rate and deformation trend accumulation rate in the Longmenshan fault zone were little,which indicates that vertical activity near the fault was very weak and the fault was tightly locked. According to analyses of GPS and cross-fault leveling data before the Wenchuan earthquake,we consider that the Longmenshan fault is tightly locked from the surface to the deep,and the horizontal and vertical deformation are weak surrounding the fault in relatively small-scale crustal deformation. The process of weak deformation may be slow,and weak deformation area may be larger when large earthquake is coming. Continuous and slow compression deformation across eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau before the earthquake provides dynamic support for strain accumulation in the Longmenshan fault zone in relative large-scale crustal deformation.

Estimation of Subsidence in Po Delta Area (Northern Italy) by Integration of GPS Data, High-Precision Leveling and Archival Orthometric Elevations

Subsidence in a deformation area can be measured in various ways, examples being conventional high-precision leveling, differential InSAR and multi-temporal GPS surveys. Integration of methods can improve results, and is crucial to extract high-precision data. In particular, orthometric and ellipsoid elevations, surveyed at different moments in time, can be compared to yield information on vertical movements when geoid anomalies are known. However, a data checking procedure must be applied if archival orthometric elevations are used, because long-term measurements for many historical benchmarks may have been lost and/or replaced with other points, but at different elevations. This type of checking can be carried out over an area without gravimetric anomalies by modeling geoid undulations and vertical displacements in the time-span used for analysis, excluding points with anomalous values. This procedure was tested and applied in the Po Delta area (northern Italy), historically subject to high subsidence rates: the leveling benchmarks of 1983 were measured with the GPS technique in 2008. After checking of archival data and transformation from ellipsoid to orthometric elevations, comparisons of the same points and interpolations on the study area provided a subsidence map for the 1983-2008 period.

Research on Deformation Mode of the Longmenshan-Longriba Region Using GPS and Leveling Data

The Longmenshan-Longriba region is located on the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, and is an ideal place to study the eastward extrusion and uplift mechanism of the plateau. Previous studies on this area mainly focused on tectonic activity and seismic hazard, with few studies giving its overall deformation characteristics and dynamic mechanism. This paper uses the latest dense GPS data, combined with precise Leveling data to analyze the kinematic characteristics and deformation mode of the Longmenshan fault zone (LMSF) and the Longriba fault zone (LRBF). The results show that both the Longmenshan fault zone and the Longriba fault zone have certain right-lateral strike-slip and thrusting, indicating that they play an important role in adjusting strain distribution and absorbing tectonic deformation;The strain-rate field on the Longriba fault zone is broadly distributed, suggesting that the deformation field is at least partially coupled;while the strain-rate field on the Longmenshan fault zone presents a non-uniform distribution, indicating different dynamic sources acting on segments. The high strain rate areas revealed in this study points us to the high-risk area for future earthquakes. The present-day vertical motion velocity field in the region obtained from Leveling and GPS data shows a mismatch between the regional deformation field and active tectonics, which can be explained by the incomplete coupling of deformation between the lower and upper crust.

结合GPS/Leveling和正高改正确定GPS常年观测站正高

利用精密几何水准测量结合GPS/Leveling方法计算韩国行政自治部管辖内30所GPS常年观测站天线基准点的正高。并联合进行对水准点和GPS常年观测站偏心点的重力测量,使用正高改正方法计算出其改正量,提高正高的精确度。

Present-day 3D deformation field of Northeast China,observed by GPS and leveling

A broad view of present-day 3D deformation field around the Northeast China region was derived from GPS and leveling observations. We draw the following conclusions： First, the Northeast China region moved towards northwest with an average velocity of 5 ram/a, with respect to South China. The entire Northeast China region was in a low strain state from the strain rate field. Second, we processed two periods of first- order leveling data in 1970s and 1990s, showing the vertical deformation of the Northeast China region is ＂uplift in western part and subsidence in eastern part＇

On the Accuracy Assessment of the Latest Releases of GOCE Satellite-Based Geopotential Models with EGM2008 and Terrestrial GPS/Levelling and Gravity Data over Egypt

The Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) of GOCE (Gravity Recovery and steady- state Ocean Circulation Explorer) differ globally as well as regionally in their accuracy and resolution based on the maximum degree and order (d/o) of the fully normalized spherical harmonic (SH) coefficients, which express each GGM. The main idea of this study is to compare the free-air gravity anomalies and quasi geoid heights determined from several recent GOCE-based GGMs with the corresponding ones from the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM2008) over Egypt on the one hand and with ground-based measurements on the other hand. The results regarding to the comparison of GOCE-based GGMs with terrestrial gravity and GPS/levelling data provide better improvement with respect to EGM2008. The 4th release GOCE-based GGM developed with the use of space-wise solution strategy (SPW_R4) approximates the gravity field well over the Egyptian region. The SPW_R4 model is accordingly suggested as a reference model for recovering the long wavelength (up to SH d/o 200) components of quasi geoid heights when modelling the gravimetric quasi-geoid over the Egypt. Finally, three types of transformation models: Four-, Five- and Seven-parameter transformations have been applied to reduce the data biases and to provide a better fitting of quasi geoid heights obtained from the studied GOCE-based GGMs to those from GPS/levelling data. These models reveal that the standard deviation of vertical datum over Egypt is at the level of about 32 cm.

Determination of the Absolute Rate of Sea Level by Using GPS Reference Station and Tide Gauge Data

The absolute rate of mean sea level of Xiamen area is derived from the data of Xiamen tide gauge station and Xiamen GPS fiducial station of crustal movement observation network of China（CMONC）. The height variation is discussed deeply in this paper, h is shown that height has periodic variations. So the rate of vertical land movement can not be precisely obtained only from several GPS campaigns. It is pointed out that the vertical crustal movement of tide gauge station should be monitored by using long-term continuous GPS observations.

Data synchronization in IMU/GPS integrated measurement system of vehicle motion parameters

To realize the data synchronization between the inertial measurement unit （IMU） and the global positioning system （GPS）, the synchronization technology in the IMU/GPS integrated measurement system of vehicle motion parameters is studied. According to the characteristics of the output signals of the IMU and the GPS, without the IMU synchronization signal, the synchronization circuit based on CPLD is designed and developed, which need not alter the configurations of the IMU and GPS. Experiments of measuring vehicle motion parameters, which rely on the synchronization circuit to realize IMU/GPS data synchronization, are made. The driving routes in experiments comprise a curve and a straight line. Experimental results show that the designed circuit can accurately measure the synchronization time difference and the IMU period, and can effectively solve the data synchronization in IMU/GPS integration. Furthermore, the IMU/GPS integrated measurement system based on the synchronization circuit can measure and calculate many vehicle motion parameters in high frequency mode.

GPS probe map matching algorithm based on spatial data model

To improve the performance of the traditional map matching algorithms in freeway traffic state monitoring systems using the low logging frequency GPS （global positioning system） probe data, a map matching algorithm based on the Oracle spatial data model is proposed. The algorithm uses the Oracle road network data model to analyze the spatial relationships between massive GPS positioning points and freeway networks, builds an N-shortest path algorithm to find reasonable candidate routes between GPS positioning points efficiently, and uses the fuzzy logic inference system to determine the final matched traveling route. According to the implementation with field data from Los Angeles, the computation speed of the algorithm is about 135 GPS positioning points per second and the accuracy is 98.9%. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed algorithm for mapping massive GPS positioning data onto freeway networks with complex geometric characteristics.

一种车辆GPS轨迹数据的改进地图匹配算法

文中提出一种车辆GPS轨迹数据的改进地图匹配算法.以车辆GPS轨迹数据进行隐马尔可夫模型动态地图匹配后的缓冲区内候选路径为初始群体,以遗传算法中的改进的适应度函数为基准进行半交叉迭代,选择车辆轨迹更优的匹配路径;设计了改进地图匹配方法的算法流程;利用微软亚洲团队的GeoLift轨迹数据集验证了改进方法的有效性.

基于GPS轨迹数据的电动出租车充电站选址规划

针对电动汽车保有量持续增长、充电设施匮乏难以满足用户需求的问题,提出一种基于GPS轨迹数据的电动出租车充电站选址规划方案。首先利用出租车GPS数据分析用户潜在充电需求并提取需求分布;其次提出一种基于网格密度分区的DBSCAN聚类方法,与传统算法相比DB指数由0.34降为0.30,对需求进行聚类和划分需求密集区,设置预选站址;最后,构建集合覆盖模型实现站址优化。利用此方案对北京大兴区出租车轨迹数据进行仿真,得出了合理的选址结果,即该方案可为电动出租车充电站规划提供参考。

基于GPS数据的实验室制氢废液污染实时监测

为了提高制氢废液污染监测效果,文中提出基于GPS数据的实验室制氢废液污染实时监测方法。利用GPS系统采集污染数据,通过串口读取GPS数据,定位污染位置。以降低监测能耗为目的,采用在线监测机制和短信通知监测相互转换形式实现实验室制氢废液污染实时监测。结合GPS、GPRS、GIS三种技术对监测所得数据进行管理与分析,为实验室制氢废液污染治理提供技术支持。通过实际应用结果表明,文中设计方法监测能耗较低,安全性强,监测数据传输效率较高,证明所提方法具有较好的应用性能,可用于实验室制氢废液污染的实时监测。

Contemporary crustal tectonic movement in the southern Sichuan-Yunnan block based on dense GPS observation data

We analyzed 360 permanent and campaign GPS data from 1999 to 2017 in the southern Sichuan-Yunan block, and obtained crustal horizontal deformation in this region.Then, we derived the strain rate using a multi-scale spherical wavelet method.Results reveal a complex pattern of tectonic movement in the southern Sichuan-Yunnan block.Compared to the stable Eurasian plate, the maximum rate of the horizontal deformation in the southern Sichuan-Yunnan block is approximately 22 mm/a.The Xiaojiang fault shows a significantly lower deformation—a left-lateral strike-slip movement of 9.5 mm/a.The Honghe fault clearly shows a complex segmental deformation from the north to south.The northern Honghe fault shows 4.3 mm/a right strike-slip with 6.7 mm/a extension; the southern Honghe fault shows 1.9 mm/a right strike-slip with 1.9 mm/a extension; the junction zone in the Honghe and Lijiang–Xiaojinhe faults shows an obvious clockwise-rotation deformation.The strain calculation results reveal that the maximum shear-strain rate in this region reaches 70 nstrain/a, concentrated around the Xiaojiang fault and at the junction of the Honghe and Lijiang–Xiaojinhe faults.We note that most of the earthquakes with magnitudes of 4 and above that occurred in this region were within the high shear strain-rate zones and the strain rate gradient boundary zone, which indicates that the magnitude of strain accumulation is closely related to the seismic activities.Comparison of the fast shear-wave polarization direction of the upper-crust with the upper-mantle anisotropy and the direction of the surface principal compressive strain rate obtained from the inversion of the GPS data reveals that the direction of the surface principal compressive strain is basically consistent with the fast shear-wave polarization direction of the upper crust anisotropy, but different from the polarization direction of the upper mantle.Our results support the hypothesis that the principal elements of the deformation mechanism in the southern Sichuan-Yunnan block are decoupling between the upper and lower crust and ductile flow in the lower crust.

Rupture process of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake from the joint inversion of teleseismic and GPS data

Teleseismic and GPS data were jointly inverted for the rupture process of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. The inversion results show that it is a bilateral rupture event with an average rupture velocity less than 2.0 km/s along the fault strike direction. The source rupture process consists of three sub-events, the first oc- curred near the hypocenter and the rest two ruptured along the up-dip direction and broke the sea bed, causing a maximum slip of about 30 m. The large-scale sea bed breakage may account for the tremendous tsunami disaster which resulted in most of the death and missing in this mega earthquake.

高分多模卫星星载BDS/GPS在轨数据分析与评估

高分多模卫星已在轨稳定运行,并使用星载BDS/GPS双频双模导航接收机实现了自主定轨功能。根据导航接收机在轨实测数据,开展了BDS模式和GPS模式下的载噪比、收星数等观测数据质量的对比分析,基于下传的原始观测数据完成了精密定轨解算,并采用内符合评估方法完成了实时定轨精度分析。经分析研究,导航接收机最高载噪比BDS模式较GPS模式高1 dB•Hz,平均可用星数BDS模式较GPS模式多0.6颗,精密定轨位置精度和速度精度BDS模式和GPS模式均在1.63~5.34 cm、0.0017~0.0046 cm/s之间,实时定轨位置精度和速度精度BDS模式和GPS模式均在3.10~4.23 m、0.00291~0.00394 m/s之间。结果表明,BDS信号与GPS信号的载噪比、可用星数和定轨精度均基本相当,表明BDS已具备为航天器用户独立提供时间、位置及速度等信息服务的能力。

Parallel Computing of a Variational Data Assimilation Model for GPS/MET Observation Using the Ray-Tracing Method

The Spectral Statistical Interpolation (SSI) analysis system of NCEP is used to assimilate meteorological data from the Global Positioning Satellite System (GPS/MET) refraction angles with the variational technique. Verified by radiosonde, including GPS/MET observations into the analysis makes an overall improvement to the analysis variables of temperature, winds, and water vapor. However, the variational model with the ray-tracing method is quite expensive for numerical weather prediction and climate research. For example, about 4 000 GPS/MET refraction angles need to be assimilated to produce an ideal global analysis. Just one iteration of minimization will take more than 24 hours CPU time on the NCEP's Cray C90 computer. Although efforts have been taken to reduce the computational cost, it is still prohibitive for operational data assimilation. In this paper, a parallel version of the three-dimensional variational data assimilation model of GPS/MET occultation measurement suitable for massive parallel processors architectures is developed. The divide-and-conquer strategy is used to achieve parallelism and is implemented by message passing. The authors present the principles for the code's design and examine the performance on the state-of-the-art parallel computers in China. The results show that this parallel model scales favorably as the number of processors is increased. With the Memory-IO technique implemented by the author, the wall clock time per iteration used for assimilating 1420 refraction angles is reduced from 45 s to 12 s using 1420 processors. This suggests that the new parallelized code has the potential to be useful in numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate studies.

针对GPS信号干扰对ADS-B影响及干扰源定位的分析研究

近年来由GPS信号受干扰导致ADS-B数据异常的情况在全国多地屡见不鲜,ADS-B数据干扰异常严重影响了空管监视数据的质量。为了在信号干扰期间提高GPS干扰源排查定位效率,从空管监视数据质量的角度提出了一种基于ADS-B数据异常变化的GPS干扰源定位计算方法,该方法通过信号异常变化位置点建立二次曲面方程,通过线性降维迭代最小二乘的方法实现GPS干扰源的粗定位估算,该方法为GPS干扰源的快速定位提供了理论参考,对空管大范围空域GPS系统干扰源的检测定位具有一定的理论应用价值。

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE QUALITY CONTROL METHOD FOR GUANGDONG GPS/PWV DATA AND ITS EFFECTS ON PRECIPITATION FORECASTS IN ITS ANNUALLY FIRST RAINING SEASON

We first analyzed GPS precipitable water vapor(GPS/PWV) available from a ground-based GPS observation network in Guangdong from 1 August 2009 to 27 August 2012 and then developed a method of quality control before GPS/PWV data is assimilated into the GRAPES 3DVAR system. This method can reject the outliers effectively. After establishing the criterion for quality control, we did three numerical experiments to investigate the impact on the precipitation forecast with and without the quality-controlled GPS/PWV data before they are assimilated into the system.In the numerical experiments, two precipitation cases(on 6 to 7 May, 2010 and 27 to 28 April, 2012 respectively) that occurred in the annually first raining season of Guangdong were selected. The results indicated that after quality control,only the GPS/PWV data that deviates little from the NCEP/PWV data can be assimilated into the system, has reasonable adjustment of the initial water vapor above Guangdong, and eventually improves the intensity and location of 24-h precipitation forecast significantly.