A graphical user interface(GUI)for model-based radiation-induced acoustic computed tomography

Radiation-induced acoustic computed tomography(RACT)is an evolving biomedical imaging modality that aims to reconstruct the radiation energy deposition in tissues.Traditional backprojection(BP)reconstructions carry noisy and limited-view artifacts.Model-based algorithms have been demonstrated to overcome the drawbacks of BPs.However,model-based algorithms are relatively more complex to develop and computationally demanding.Furthermore,while a plethora of novel algorithms has been developed over the past decade,most of these algorithms are either not accessible,readily available,or hard to implement for researchers who are not well versed in programming.We developed a user-friendly MATLAB-based graphical user interface(GUI;RACT2D)that facilitates back-projection and model-based image reconstructions for twodimensional RACT problems.We included numerical and experimental X-ray-induced acoustic datasets to demonstrate the capabilities of the GUI.The developed algorithms support parallel computing for evaluating reconstructions using the cores of the computer,thus further accelerating the reconstruction speed.We also share the MATLAB-based codes for evaluating RACT reconstructions,which users with MATLAB programming expertise can further modify to suit their needs.The shared GUI and codes can be of interest to researchers across the globe and assist them in e±cient evaluation of improved RACT reconstructions.

An Enhanced Graphical Authentication Scheme Using Multiple-Image Steganography

Most remote systems require user authentication to access resources.Text-based passwords are still widely used as a standard method of user authentication.Although conventional text-based passwords are rather hard to remember,users often write their passwords down in order to compromise security.One of the most complex challenges users may face is posting sensitive data on external data centers that are accessible to others and do not be controlled directly by users.Graphical user authentication methods have recently been proposed to verify the user identity.However,the fundamental limitation of a graphi-cal password is that it must have a colorful and rich image to provide an adequate password space to maintain security,and when the user clicks and inputs a pass-word between two possible grids,the fault tolerance is adjusted to avoid this situation.This paper proposes an enhanced graphical authentication scheme,which comprises benefits over both recognition and recall-based graphical techniques besides image steganography.The combination of graphical authentication and steganography technologies reduces the amount of sensitive data shared between users and service providers and improves the security of user accounts.To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme,peak signal-to-noise ratio and mean squared error parameters have been used.

A Novel Distributed Optimal Adaptive Control Algorithm for Nonlinear Multi-Agent Differential Graphical Games

In this paper, an online optimal distributed learning algorithm is proposed to solve leader-synchronization problem of nonlinear multi-agent differential graphical games. Each player approximates its optimal control policy using a single-network approximate dynamic programming(ADP) where only one critic neural network(NN) is employed instead of typical actorcritic structure composed of two NNs. The proposed distributed weight tuning laws for critic NNs guarantee stability in the sense of uniform ultimate boundedness(UUB) and convergence of control policies to the Nash equilibrium. In this paper, by introducing novel distributed local operators in weight tuning laws, there is no more requirement for initial stabilizing control policies. Furthermore, the overall closed-loop system stability is guaranteed by Lyapunov stability analysis. Finally, Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

A graphical model for haloanhydrite components and P-wave velocity:A case study of haloanhydrites in Amu Darya Basin

Wave velocities in haloanhydrites are difficult to determine and significantly depend on the mineralogy. We used petrophysical parameters to study the wave velocity in haloanhydrites in the Amur Darya Basin and constructed a template of the relation between haloanhydrite mineralogy （anhydrite, salt, mudstone, and pore water） and wave velocities. We used the relation between the P-wave rnoduli ratio and porosity as constraint and constructed a graphical model （petrophysical template） for the relation between wave velocity, mineral content and porosity. We tested the graphical model using rock core and well logging data.

Calculation of angular glint in near field utilizing graphical electromagnetic computing

The angular glint in the near field plays an important role on radar tracking errors. To predict it more efficiently for electrically large targets, a new method based on graphical electromagnetic computing （GRECO） is proposed. With the benefit of the graphic card, the GRECO prediction method is faster and more accurate than other methods. The proposed method at the first time considers the special case that the targets cannot be completely covered by radar beams, which makes the prediction of radar tracking errors more self-contained in practical circumstances. On the other hand, the process of the scattering center extraction is omitted, resulting in possible angular glint prediction in real time. Comparisons between the simulation results and the theoretical ones validate its correctness and value to academic research and engineering applications.

Ptychographical Imaging Algorithm with a Single Random Phase Encoding

A single random phase encoding is introduced into ptychography for the first time.Since the diffractive wave front is encoded with the random phase modulator,the information of the sample cooperated with each probe can be uniformly distributed onto an entire diffraction pattern.It leads to the much faster convergent speed of the iterative algorithm for ptychographical imaging.It is more important for practice that the robustness to resist the noises and especially the transverse shift errors of probes are considerably improved compared with the conventional ptychographic algorithm.

Some computer graphical user interfaces in radiation therapy

In this review, five graphical user interfaces(GUIs) used in radiation therapy practices and researches are introduced. They are:(1) the treatment time calculator, superficialx-ray treatment time calculator(SUPCALC) used in the superficial X-ray radiation therapy;(2) the monitor unit calculator, electron monitor unit calculator(EMUC) used in the electron radiation therapy;(3) the multileaf collimator machine file creator, sliding window intensity modulated radiotherapy(SWIMRT) used in generating fluence map for research and quality assurance in intensity modulated radiation therapy;(4) the treatment planning system, DOSCTP used in the calculation of 3D dose distribution using Monte Carlo simulation; and(5) the monitor unit calculator, photon beam monitor unit calculator(PMUC) used in photon beam radiation therapy. One common issue of these GUIs is that all user-friendly interfaces are linked to complex formulas and algorithms based on various theories, which do not have to be understood and noted by the user. In that case, user only needs to input the required information with help from graphical elements in order to produce desired results. SUPCALC is a superficial radiation treatment time calculator using the GUI technique to provide a convenient way for radiation therapist to calculate the treatment time, and keep a record for the skin cancer patient. EMUC is an electron monitor unit calculator for electron radiation therapy. Instead of doing hand calculation according to pre-determined dosimetric tables, clinical user needs only to input the required drawing of electron field in computer graphical file format, prescription dose, and beam parameters to EMUC to calculate the required monitor unit for the electron beam treatment. EMUC is based on a semi-experimental theory of sector-integration algorithm. SWIMRT is a multileaf collimator machine file creator to generate a fluence map produced by a medical linear accelerator. This machine file controls the multileaf collimator to deliver intensity modulated beams for a specific fluence map used in quality assurance or research. DOSCTP is a treatment planning system using the computed tomography images. Radiation beams(photon or electron) with different energies and field sizes produced by a linear accelerator can be placed in different positions to irradiate the tumour in the patient. DOSCTP is linked to a Monte Carlo simulation engine using the EGSnrc-based code, so that 3D dose distribution canbe determined accurately for radiation therapy. Moreover, DOSCTP can be used for treatment planning of patient or small animal. PMUC is a GUI for calculation of the monitor unit based on the prescription dose of patient in photon beam radiation therapy. The calculation is based on dose corrections in changes of photon beam energy, treatment depth, field size, jaw position, beam axis, treatment distance and beam modifiers. All GUIs mentioned in this review were written either by the Microsoft Visual Basic.net or a MATLAB GUI development tool called GUIDE. In addition, all GUIs were verified and tested using measurements to ensure their accuracies were up to clinical acceptable levels for implementations.

3D graphical visualization of the genetic architectures underlying complex traits in multiple environments

An approach for generating interactive 3D graphical visualization of the genetic architectures of complex traits in multiple environments is described. 3D graphical visualization is utilized for making improvements on traditional plots in quan- titative trait locus (QTL) mapping analysis. Interactive 3D graphical visualization for abstract expression of QTL, epistasis and their environmental interactions for experimental populations was developed in framework of user-friendly software QTLNetwork (http://ibi.zju.edu.cn/software/qtlnetwork). Novel definition of graphical meta system and computation of virtual coordinates are used to achieve explicit but meaningful visualization. Interactive 3D graphical visualization for QTL analysis provides geneticists and breeders a powerful and easy-to-use tool to analyze and publish their research results.

A unified graphical method for integration of hydrogen networks with purification reuse

Introducing purifiers into hydrogen network can enhance the recovery and reuse of hydrogen in refineries, further reducing the consumption of fresh hydrogen. Based on previous graphical methods, this work proposes a simple and unified graphical method for integration of hydrogen networks with purification processes. Scenarios with different hydrogen concentrations of purified product can be analyzed by the unified procedure. As a result, the maximum hydrogen saved by purification reuse can he identified and the corresponding purification process can be optimized, The proposed method is easy and non-iterative, and it is valid to purification processes with any feed concentration. A conventional hydrogen network is analyzed to test the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Graphical Simulator for Chinese Ink-Wash Drawing

Simulating the traditional painting art by computer graphics is a challenging and attractive subject. Basing on the experience in the ink wash drawing, in this paper, we expound the artistic characters of ink wash painting and particularly analyze the characteristics of the materials used in the ink wash drawing and the relationships between them. A simulation model is presented and some typical visual effects of the ink wash painting are realized.

THEORETICAL STUDY ON ALEKSANDROWSKI′S METHOD OF THE GRAPHICAL DETERMINATION OF PRINCIPAL STRESS DIRECTIONS FROM THE FAULT SLIP DATA SETS

A graphical method for determining the principal stress distribution of a triaxial stress state from a fault slipstate was proposed by Aleksandrowski in 1985,based on Arthaud′s concept of plane movement,Alek-sandrowski′s method,however,is only valid for the cases in which the values of the stress ratios(C)are consid-ered 1o be ,10,2,1.1 and 1.Whether the method is applicable for general cases of all values of C has not yetbeen confirmed.In this paper.Aleksandrowskis′ method is tested using a numerical derivation from spatialgeometric analysis,and it is revealed that this method is correct for all values of stress ratios other than C=,10,2,1.1,and 1,i.c-【C【.

Graphical model construction based on evolutionary algorithms

Using Bayesian networks to model promising solutions from the current population of the evolutionary algorithms can ensure efficiency and intelligence search for the optimum. However, to construct a Bayesian network that fits a given dataset is a NP-hard problem, and it also needs consuming mass computational resources. This paper develops a methodology for constructing a graphical model based on Bayesian Dirichlet metric. Our approach is derived from a set of propositions and theorems by researching the local metric relationship of networks matching dataset. This paper presents the algorithm to construct a tree model from a set of potential solutions using above approach. This method is important not only for evolutionary algorithms based on graphical models, but also for machine learning and data mining. The experimental results show that the exact theoretical results and the approximations match very well.

On Potentially Graphical Sequences of G-E(H)

A loopless graph on n vertices in which vertices are connected at least by a and at most by b edges is called a(a,b,n)-graph. A(b,b,n)-graph is called(b,n)-graph and is denoted by K_n^b(it is a complete graph), its complement by K_n^b. A non increasing sequence π =(d_1,…,d_n) of nonnegative integers is said to be(a,b,n) graphic if it is realizable by an(a,b,n)-graph. We say a simple graphic sequence π=(d_1,…,d_n) is potentially K_4-K_2∪K_2-graphic if it has a a realization containing an K_4-K_2∪K_2 as a subgraph where K_4 is a complete graph on four vertices and K_2∪K_2 is a set of independent edges. In this paper, we find the smallest degree sum such that every n-term graphical sequence contains K_4-K_2∪K_2 as subgraph.

VIDEO MULTI-TARGET TRACKING BASED ON PROBABILISTIC GRAPHICAL MODEL

In the technique of video multi-target tracking,the common particle filter can not deal well with uncertain relations among multiple targets.To solve this problem,many researchers use data association method to reduce the multi-target uncertainty.However,the traditional data association method is difficult to track accurately when the target is occluded.To remove the occlusion in the video,combined with the theory of data association,this paper adopts the probabilistic graphical model for multi-target modeling and analysis of the targets relationship in the particle filter framework.Ex-perimental results show that the proposed algorithm can solve the occlusion problem better compared with the traditional algorithm.

Symbolic and Graphical Computations of a Class of Slightly Perturbed Equations

In this paper, a class of slightly perturbed equations of the form F(x)= ξ -x+αΦ(x) will be treated graphically and symbolically, where Φ(x) is an analytic function of x. For graphical developments, we set up a simple graphical method for the real roots of the equation F(x)=0 illustrated by four transcendental equations. In fact, the graphical solution usually provides excellent initial conditions for the iterative solution of the equation. A property avoiding the critical situations between divergent to very slow convergent solutions may exist in the iterative methods in which no good initial condition close to the root is available. For the analytical developments, literal analytical solutions are obtained for the most celebrated slightly perturbed equation which is Kepler’s equation of elliptic orbit. Moreover, the effect of the orbital eccentricity on the rate of convergence of the series is illustrated graphically.

Posting of Graphical Bills: An Analytical Perception of Environmental Pollutions in Nigerian Cities

More than ever before, environmental preservation has been a critical issue for the survival of the world’s habitat. An attempt to explore global trends in environmental monitoring using numerous ways based on different techniques is an exercise in the right direction. This is expedient, given the recent overwhelming growing rate of environmental pollution of advertisement graphical bills worldwide. Posting of advertisement graphical bills constitutes one of the biggest threats to man and his environment as it now appears and as we live in an age of growing sensitivity to environmental cleanliness. Pollution of the Nigerian cities through advertisement bills assumes the general term of outdoor advertising ranging from hand-printed signs, posters, painted bulletins and spectaculars. However this paper discusses the trends of posting graphic advertisement bills in Nigerian cities. Its impact on aesthetics, as well as the pollution problems associated with the urban development. The study areas are Abuja, Akure, Ibadan and Lagos. In order to ensure that each unit of the population is represented, random sampling technique was used to get the necessary information from the samples. The findings emphasize the importance of strict control and market regulations in posting of advertisement bill in built environment and eradication of pollution of the environment.

GRAPHICAL COMPUTING METHOD OF FOUR-BAR LINKAGE(3)FIVE-POSITION GRAPHICAL SYNTHESIS

By means of programs GTMPAC based- on generalized triangle method,analy-sis and synthesis of mechanism design in accordance with absolutely graphicalmethod(absolutely germetrical method) is developed. In this paper we make a specialstudy about Five- Position graphical synthesis.

Systemic Risk of Conventional and Islamic Banks: Comparison with Graphical Network Models

The main aim of this paper is to compare the stability, in terms of systemic risk, of conventional and Islamic banking systems. To this aim, we propose correlation network models for stock market returns based on graphical Gaussian distributions, which allows us to capture the contagion effects that move along countries. We also consider Bayesian graphical models, to account for model uncertainty in the measurement of financial systems interconnectedness. Our proposed model is applied to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region banking sector, characterized by the presence of both conventional and Islamic banks, for the period from 2007 to the beginning of 2014. Our empirical findings show that there are differences in the systemic risk and stability of the two banking systems during crisis times. In addition, the differences are subject to country specific effects that are amplified during crisis period.

A Facilitated Interface to Generate a Combined Textual and Graphical Database System Using Widely Available Software

Data-Base Management System (DBMS) is the current standard for storing information. A DBMS organizes and maintains a structure of storage of data. Databases make it possible to store vast amounts of randomly created information and then retrieve items using associative reasoning in search routines. However, design of databases is cumbersome. If one is to use a database primarily to directly input information, each field must be predefined manually, and the fields must be organized to permit coherent data input. This static requirement is problematic and requires that database table(s) be predefined and customized at the outset, a difficult proposition since current DBMS lack a user friendly front end to allow flexible design of the input model. Furthermore, databases are primarily text based, making it difficult to process graphical data. We have developed a general and nonproprietary approach to the problem of input modeling designed to make use of the known informational architecture to map data to a database and then retrieve the original document in freely editable form. We create form templates using ordinary word processing software: Microsoft InfoPath 2007. Each field in the form is given a unique name identifier in order to be distinguished in the database. It is possible to export text based documents created initially in Microsoft Word by placing a colon at the beginning of any desired field location. InfoPath then captures the preceding string and uses it as the label for the field. Each form can be structured in a way to include any combination of both textual and graphical fields. We input data into InfoPath templates. We then submit the data through a web service to populate fields in an SQL database. By appropriate indexing, we can then recall the entire document from the SQL database for editing, with corresponding audit trail. Graphical data is handled no differently than textual data and is embedded in the database itself permitting direct query approaches. This technique makes it possible for general users to benefit from a combined text-graphical database environment with a flexible non-proprietary interface. Consequently, any template can be effortlessly transformed to a database system and easily recovered in a narrative form.

The Design of a Graphical User Environment for Numerical Simulation of Powder Forming Processes

As computer simulation increasingly supports engine er ing design and manufacture, the requirement for a computer software environment providing an integration platform for computational engineering software increas es. A key component of an integrated environment is the use of computational eng ineering to assist and support solutions for complex design. Computer methods fo r structural, flow and thermal analysis are well developed and have been used in design for many years. Many software packages are now available which provi de an advanced capability. However, they are not designed for modelling of powde r forming processes. This paper describes the powder compaction software (PCS_SU T), which is designed for pre- and post-processing for computational simulatio n of the process compaction of powder. In the PCS_SUT software, the adaptive analysis of transient metal powder forming process is simulated by the finite element method based on deformation theories . The error estimates and adaptive remeshing schemes are applied for updated co -ordinate analysis. A generalized Newmark scheme is used for the time domain di scretization and the final nonlinear equations are solved by a Newton-Raphson p rocedure. An incremental elasto-plastic material model is used to simulate the compaction process. To describe the constitutive model of nonlinear behaviour of powder materials, a combination of Mohr-Coulomb and elliptical yield cap model is applied. This model reflects the yielding, frictional and densification char acteristics of powder along with strain and geometrical hardening which occurs d uring the compaction process. A hardening rule is used to define the dependence of the yield surface on the degree of plastic straining. A plasticity theory for friction is employed in the treatment of the powder-tooling interface. The inv olvement of two different materials, which have contact and relative movement in relation to each other, must be considered. A special formulation for friction modelling is coupled with a material formulation. The interface behaviour betwee n the die and the powder is modelled by using an interface element mesh. In the present paper, we have demonstrated pre- and post-processor finite elem ent software, written in Visual Basic, to generate the graphical model and visua lly display the computed results. The software consist of three main part: · Pre-processor: It is used to create the model, generate an app ropriate finite element grid, apply the appropriate boundary conditions, and vie w the total model. The geometric model can be used to associate the mesh with th e physical attributes such as element properties, material properties, or loads and boundary conditions. · Analysis: It can deal with two-dimensional and axi-symmetric applications for linear and non-linear behaviour of material in static and dyna mic analyses. Both triangular and quadrilateral elements are available in the e lement library, including 3-noded, 6-noded and 7-noded (T6B1) triangles and 4 -noded, 8-noded and 9-noded quadrilaterals. The direct implicit algorithm bas ed on the generalized Newmark scheme is used for the time integration and an aut omatic time step control facility is provided. For non-linear iteration, choice s among fully or modified Newton-Raphson method and quasi-Newton method, using the initial stiffness method, Davidon inverse method or BFGS inverse method, ar e possible. · Post-processor: It provides visualization of the computed resu lts, when the finite element model and analysis have been completed. Post-proce ssing is vital to allow the appropriate interpretation of the completed results of the finite element analysis. It provides the visual means to interpret the va st amounts of computed results generated. Finally, the powder behaviour during the compaction of a multi-level component is numerically simulated by the PCS_SUT software, as shown in Fig.1. The predict ive compaction forces at different displacements are computed and compared with the available experimental