基于GROW模型的研究生科研能力培养指导方法——以土木工程专业为例

文章以土木工程专业为例,探讨了基于GROW模型培养研究生科研能力的指导方法。GROW模型是一种广泛应用于个人发展和教育领域的教练模型,包括Goal(目标)、Reality(现状)、Options(选择)和Will(意愿)4个关键元素。通过GROW模型设定明确的科研目标、了解研究现状、探讨可行的研究方案和激发执行意愿,导师可指导研究生开展科研工作、锻炼其科研能力,并取得科研成果。实践表明,采用GROW模型不仅让导师在指导研究生的过程中更轻松,研究生在科研过程中成长更明显,而且使师生关系更融洽。基于GROW模型的研究生科研能力培养指导方法科学、系统、实操性强,且效果明显,值得推广应用。

基于GROW模型的高校管理育人路径研究

“管理育人”是实现高校思想政治工作质量提升工程的关键环节。做好“管理育人”,需要高校牢固树立“管理就是育人”的先进理念,立足学生成长需求,重新建构大思政背景下的管理工作流程体系,各级部门协同联动,形成有效的育人工作机制。文章将就目前管理育人中存在的认识、设计、实施等问题进行分析,认为管理育人应纳入“大思政课”范畴,按照实践课程进行教学设计,并引入教练教学法中的GROW模型,以学生在管理环节中获得思政教育成长为目标,探索管理育人的有效实施路径,期望对高校落实管理育人提供有益的启示与借鉴。

Novel models for simulating maize growth based on thermal time and photothermal units: Applications under various mulching practices

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the three major food crops and an important source of carbohydrates for maintaining food security around the world.Plant height (H),stem diameter (SD),leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter (DM) are important growth parameters that influence maize production.However,the combined effect of temperature and light on maize growth is rarely considered in crop growth models.Ten maize growth models based on the modified logistic growth equation (Mlog) and the Mitscherlich growth equation (Mit) were proposed to simulate the H,SD,LAI and DM of maize under different mulching practices based on experimental data from 2015–2018.Either the accumulative growing degree-days (AGDD),helio thermal units (HTU),photothermal units (PTU) or photoperiod thermal units (PPTU,first proposed here) was used as a single driving factor in the models;or AGDD was combined with either accumulative actual solar hours (ASS),accumulative photoperiod response (APR,first proposed here) or accumulative maximum possible sunshine hours (ADL) as the dual driving factors in the models.The model performances were evaluated using seven statistical indicators and a global performance index.The results showed that the three mulching practices significantly increased the maize growth rates and the maximum values of the growth curves compared with non-mulching.Among the four single factor-driven models,the overall performance of the Mlog_(PTU)Model was the best,followed by the Mlog_(AGDD)Model.The Mlog_(PPTU)Model was better than the Mlog_(AGDD)Model in simulating SD and LAI.Among the 10 models,the overall performance of the Mlog_(AGDD–APR)Model was the best,followed by the Mlog_(AGDD–ASS)Model.Specifically,the Mlog_(AGDD–APR)Model performed the best in simulating H and LAI,while the Mlog_(AGDD–ADL)and Mlog_(AGDD–ASS)models performed the best in simulating SD and DM,respectively.In conclusion,the modified logistic growth equations with AGDD and either APR,ASS or ADL as the dual driving factors outperformed the commonly used modified logistic growth model with AGDD as a single driving factor in simulating maize growth.

数字商务趋势下高校电商专业实践教学改革研究——基于GROW模型

数字商务是我国数字经济的重要组成部分。数字商务不仅将现代信息技术和商务进行整合,更驱动了商业流程和业务更加信息化、智能化、有机化。数字商务趋势下,普通高校电子商务专业实践教学改革势在必行。GROW模型是一种教练模型,应用时按“目标设定、现状分析、选择方案和行动实施”四个步骤进行,其特点是目标明确、流程清晰、驱动融入、促进创新等。将GROW教练模型引入电子商务专业实践教学中,是促进实践教学实施手段和教学方法完善的有效方法。

大众传媒与大学生思想政治教育——基于GROW模型

大众传媒是意识形态斗争的重要阵地,推动大众传媒发展,对加强和改进思想政治教育工作、建设教育强国意义深远。基于GROW模型,从信息引导、信息传播、信息筛选、信息反馈四个方面,探讨大众传媒对大学生思想政治教育的影响路径。通过建设“大众传媒+高校第二课堂”,建设立足实践的全方位渗透机制,构建正逆向反馈机制,可以为大众传媒与大学生思想政治教育结合指明新方向、提供新思路。

心理危机学生干预中家校沟通的“GROW”策略

加强家校沟通形成教育合力,是学校教育成功的必由之路。在调查高中阶段心理危机学生家校沟通中存在的问题基础上,探讨并挖掘影响家校沟通的关键因素,提出了家校高效沟通的GROW策略:要反映“真问题”,激发家长参与家校共育的意愿;要专注“危机解决”,做好家长心理科普和情绪应对;要明确“合作权责”,树立家校共育的主体意识;要聚焦“治疗目标”,做好学生休学、复学工作。

Effects of dietary oil sources and fat extraction methods on apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of fat and fatty acids in growing pigs

Background:There is a lack of data for the standardized ileal digestibility(SID) of fat and fatty acids in national feed databases.In addition,it is important to specify the procedures used for fat analyses.Therefore,an experiment was conducted to 1) determine the apparent ileal digestibility(AID) and SID of fat and fatty acids in ten different oil sources for growing pigs and to develop prediction equations for SID of fat based on fatty acid composition;and 2) compare the effect of the fat extraction methods on the calculated values for endogenous loss and digestibility of fat.Methods:Twenty-two barrows(initial body weight:32.1 ± 2.3 kg) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum,and allotted to 1 of 11 experimental diets in a 4-period Youden Square design.A fat-free diet was formulated using cornstarch,soy protein isolate and sucrose.Ten oil-added diets were formulated by adding 6% of dietary oil sources to the fat-free diet at the expense of cornstarch.All diets contained 26% sugar beet pulp and 0.40% chromic oxide.Results:The endogenous loss of ether extract(EE) was lower than that of acid-hydrolyzed fat(AEE;P < 0.01).There were significant differences in the AID and SID of fat and saturated fatty acids across the dietary oil sources(P < 0.05).The SID of AEE for palm oil was lower than that of sunflower oil,corn oil,canola oil,rice oil and flaxseed oil(P < 0.01).The AID and SID of fat ranged from 79.65% to 86.97% and from 91.14% to 99.18%.Although the AID of EE was greater than that of AEE(P < 0.01),there was no significant difference in SID of EE and AEE except for palm oil.The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids(U/S) had a positive correlation with SID of fat(P < 0.05),whereas C16:0 and long chain saturated fatty acids(LSFA) were significant negatively correlated with SID of fat(P < 0.01).The best-fit equation to predict SID of fat was SID AEE = 102.75-0.15 × LSFA-0.74 × C18:0-0.03 × C18:1(Adjusted coefficient of determination = 0.88,P < 0.01).Conclusions:When calculating the SID of fat,the EE content of the samples can be analyzed using the direct extraction method,whereas the acid hydrolysis procedure should be used to determine the AID of fat.Fat digestibility of dietary oils was affected by their fatty acid composition,especially by the contents of C16:0,LSFA and U/S.

Structural plane recognition from three-dimensional laser scanning points using an improved region-growing algorithm based on the robust randomized Hough transform

The staggered distribution of joints and fissures in space constitutes the weak part of any rock mass.The identification of rock mass structural planes and the extraction of characteristic parameters are the basis of rock-mass integrity evaluation,which is very important for analysis of slope stability.The laser scanning technique can be used to acquire the coordinate information pertaining to each point of the structural plane,but large amount of point cloud data,uneven density distribution,and noise point interference make the identification efficiency and accuracy of different types of structural planes limited by point cloud data analysis technology.A new point cloud identification and segmentation algorithm for rock mass structural surfaces is proposed.Based on the distribution states of the original point cloud in different neighborhoods in space,the point clouds are characterized by multi-dimensional eigenvalues and calculated by the robust randomized Hough transform(RRHT).The normal vector difference and the final eigenvalue are proposed for characteristic distinction,and the identification of rock mass structural surfaces is completed through regional growth,which strengthens the difference expression of point clouds.In addition,nearest Voxel downsampling is also introduced in the RRHT calculation,which further reduces the number of sources of neighborhood noises,thereby improving the accuracy and stability of the calculation.The advantages of the method have been verified by laboratory models.The results showed that the proposed method can better achieve the segmentation and statistics of structural planes with interfaces and sharp boundaries.The method works well in the identification of joints,fissures,and other structural planes on Mangshezhai slope in the Three Gorges Reservoir area,China.It can provide a stable and effective technique for the identification and segmentation of rock mass structural planes,which is beneficial in engineering practice.

In-Situ Growing of Branched CNFs on Reusable RCFs to Construct Hierarchical Cross-Linked Composite for Enhanced Microwave Absorption

The recycling of carbon fibers and protection from unwanted microwave radiation are two important environmental issues that need to be addressed in modern society.Herein,branched carbon nanofibers(CNFs)were grown in-situ on recycled carbon fibers(RCFs)through the chemical vapor deposition method using nickel as catalysts and thiophene as aided-catalysts.The effect of thiophene on the growth morphology of CNFs was investigated.Correspondingly,branched CNFs-RCFs and straight CNFs-RCFs were respectively obtained in the presence and absence of thiophene.The microstructure and electromagnetic behaviour investigations have shown that the branched CNFs possess a typical multi-branched structure,with more defects,pores and a larger specific surface area than the straight CNFs,which lead to better impedance matching and adequate dielectric loss ability for the branched CNFs-RCFs.The reflection loss(RL)results show that the branched CNFs-RCFs exhibit an optimum RL of -23.6 dB at 1.5 mm and a best effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 7.5 GHz at 2.0 mm.This research provides an innovative microwave absorbing material with adequate absorbing strength and outstanding EAB,while also promoting the sustainable reuse of the RCFs resources.

Effect of Temperature on Frost-Free Days and Length of Crop Growing Season across Southern Ontario

Climate change has an impact on various climatic variables. In this study our focus is mainly on temperature characteristics of climate parameter. In temperate and humid regions like southern Ontario, the effect of climate change on Frost-free days in winter is distinctive. The average annual temperature is going upward but the extreme increase is in the winter temperature. Winter average temperature is going up by about 2˚C. However, extreme daily minimum temperature is going up by more than 3˚C. This climate effect has a great impact on the nature of precipitation and length of frost-free days. The snowfall over winter months is decreasing and the rainfall is increasing. However, the number of frost-free days during late fall months, early winter months, late winter months and early spring months are increasing. This result reveals an increase in length of the growing season. This research focuses on the effect of change in climatic variables on Frost-free days in Southern Ontario. Therefore, special attention should be given to the effect of change in climate Frost-free conditions on length of crop growing in winter season for potential investigation.

Growing Momentum

Zimbabwe makes big gains in agricultural yields on the back of Chinese cooperation For the first time in 56 years, Zimbabwe was able to produce sufflcient wheat for its population,and in the process, became the only African country to do so.According to the country’s Cluster Agricultural Development Services, Zimbabwe achieved a milestone in wheat production by harvesting 375,000tonnes of the grain in 2022.

基于GROW模型的研究生高效学习模式探索

传统讲授法以教师为主导,不利于学生创新性和潜能的发挥。我们提出“GROW模式”包括目标确定(Goal)、现状分析(Reality)、方案选择(Options)、行动计划(Will)四个步骤。该模型应用到研究生教学中,教师先提出课题的目标,学生思考和比较,并做出方案选择,确定具体的方案,从而实现课堂教学的高效化。GROW模式以“学生为学习中心”,注重发挥学生的潜能,从而培养学生的创新意识、合作能力、研究能力等多方面能力,实现学生的“自我成长”。该模式应用于《高等环境化学》教学中,取得了良好的教学效果。

Variations of the thermal growing season during the period 1961–2015 in northern China

Researching into changes in thermal growing season has been one of the most important scientific issues in studies of the impact of global climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. However, few studies investigated the differences under various definitions of thermal growing season and compared the trends of thermal growing season in different parts of China. Based on the daily mean air temperatures collected from 877 meteorological stations over northern China from 1961 to 2015, we investigated the variations of the thermal growing season parameters including the onset, ending and duration of the growing season using the methods of differential analysis, trend analysis, comparative analysis, and Kriging interpolation technique. Results indicate that the differences of the maximum values of those indices for the thermal growing season were significant, while they were insignificant for the mean values. For indices with the same length of the spells exceeding 5°C, frost criterion had a significant effect on the differences of the maximum values. The differences of the mean values between frost and non-frost indices were also slight, even smaller than those from the different lengths of the spells. Temporally, the starting date of the thermal growing season advanced by 10.0–11.0 days, while the ending dates delayed by 5.0–6.0 days during the period 1961–2015. Consequently, the duration of the thermal growing season was prolonged 15.0–16.0 days. Spatially, the advanced onset of the thermal growing season occurred in the southwestern, eastern, and northeastern parts of northern China, whereas the delayed ending of the thermal growing season appeared in the western part, and the length of the thermal growing season was prolonged significantly in the vast majority of northern China. The trend values of the thermal growing season were affected by altitude. The magnitude of the earlier onset of the thermal growing season decreased, and that of the later ending increased rapidly as the altitude increased, causing the magnitude of the prolonged growing season increased correspondingly. Comparing the applicability of selected indices and considering the impacts of frost on the definitions are important and necessary for determining the timing and length of the thermal growing season in northern China.

智慧教育环境下工程管理BIM项目执行规划GROW教学应用研究

智慧城市作为中国建筑业经济的未来增长点,BIM大数据的应用将成为支撑其建造全过程和运营管理的核心资源。为实现住建部提出的2020年全面推进建筑业BIM发展的目标,急需解决BIM专业人才匮乏的问题,加快高等院校对专业BIM人才的培养。依托"智慧教育"环境,将GROW教练法教学理念融入教学实践,对传统的高等院校工程管理专业毕业设计教学模式进行改革,并对某高校工程管理专业大四学生BIM毕业设计案例进行分析。结果表明,在工程管理BIM人才培养过程中,通过引入BIM项目执行规划指南,实现工程管理专业BIM能力培养的知识、技能和能力的有效转化,可为高校工程管理专业人才培养教学模式改革提供一个新的理论参考。

Anterior vertebral body tethering for idiopathic scoliosis in growing children:A systematic review

BACKGROUND The management of idiopathic scoliosis(IS)in skeletally immature patients should aim at three-dimensional deformity correction,without compromising spinal and chest growth.In 2019,the US Food and Drug Administration approved the first instrumentation system for anterior vertebral body tethering(AVBT),under a Humanitarian Device Exception,for skeletally immature patients with curves having a Cobb angle between 35°and 65°.AIM To summarize current evidence about the efficacy and safety of AVBT in the management of IS in skeletally immature patients.METHODS From January 2014 to January 2021,Ovid Medline,Embase,Cochrane Library,Scopus,Web of Science,Google Scholar and PubMed were searched to identify relevant studies.The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated and relevant data were extracted.RESULTS Seven clinical trials recruiting 163 patients were included in the present review.Five studies out of seven were classified as high quality,whereas the remaining two studies were classified as moderate quality.A total of 151 of 163 AVBT procedures were performed in the thoracic spine,and the remaining 12 tethering in the lumbar spine.Only 117 of 163(71.8%)patients had a nonprogressive curve at skeletal maturity.Twenty-three of 163(14.11%)patients required unplanned revision surgery within the follow-up period.Conversion to posterior spinal fusion(PSF)was performed in 18 of 163(11%)patients.CONCLUSION AVBT is a promising growth-friendly technique for treatment of IS in growing patients.However,it has moderate success and perioperative complications,revision and conversion to PSF.

运用SI-CGROW模型预测农药对地下水的污染风险

在对美国环境保护局开发的地下水暴露评价模型进行比较的基础上,选择SC I-GROW模型预测我国福建省甘蔗种植区5种常用农药对地下水的污染风险,并将模型预测结果与该地区地下水中农药的实测结果进行比较,对模型进行验证。结果表明,模型预测结果与实测结果之间具有很好的相关性,SC I-GROW模型能较好地用于我国东南沿海等地下水位较高、降水量较大、土壤砂性等地下水易受污染地区农药的筛选评价。最后,运用SC I-GROW模型预测涕灭威等17种我国常用农药对地下水的污染风险,为这些农药的科学使用提供参考。

GROW模型在高校化工类实验室安全教育中的应用

该文以高校化工类实验室的安全教育培训体系建设为切入点,分析了当前实验室安全教育培训体系建设中存在的问题,引入了GROW管理学模型,从目标、现状、选择、行动等4个方面对高校化工类实验室的安全体系建设进行了研究,以期为高校化工类实验室安全教育培训体系建设提供参考。

The Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Phytase Transgenic Corn on Growth Performance,Phosphorus Utilization and Excretion in Growing Pigs (Sus scrofa)

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with phytase transgenic corn （PTC） on growth performance,phosphorus （P） utilization and excretion in growing pigs.In Exp.1,180 pigs （Large White × Landrace,BW=37.7 kg） were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 5 replicates of 9 pigs each in order to evaluate the effect of PTC supplementation in low-P diets on growth performance.Four corn soybean meal-based diets consisted of a positive control （PC） diet,a diet containing 500 units （U） of exogenous phytase kg-1 （EP） on the basis of low-P （inorganic P reduced by 0.05% from PC diet） and the low-P＋500 （PTC1） or 750 （PTC2） phytase U of PTC kg-1.In Exp.2,20 barrows （Large White×Landrace,BW=31 kg,4 treatments with 5 replicates of 1 pig each） were randomly selected to evaluate the effect of PTC in low-P diets on serum parameters and nutrient utilization.Diets in Exp.2 were similar to those in Exp.1 except that the EP group was replaced by a low-P diet without exogenous phytase supplementation as a negative control （NC） group.The results from Exp.1 showed that the average daily gain （ADG） in the PTC2 group was significantly higher （P〈0.05） than that in the EP group over all periods.On the other hand,the feed：gain （F：G） ratio of the EP group was significantly higher （P〈0.05） than that of the PTC2 group during 1-21 and 1-42 d,respectively.There were no differences in average daily feed intake （ADFI） among all treatments （P〉0.05）.The results from Exp.2 showed that the concentration of serum Ca in the NC group was the highest （P〈0.05）,while the concentration of serum P in the PTC2 group was the highest （P〈0.05） among all treatments.There was a significant decrease （P〈0.05） in the P apparent digestibility of the NC group compared with the other groups,and that of PTC2 group was the best.Furthermore,fecal P excretion was reduced （P〈0.05） from 1.80 g d-1 in the PC group to 1.28 g d-1 in the PTC2 group.In conclusion,dietary supplementation with PTC could reduce the application of inorganic P,decrease fecal P excretion,and improve the growth performance of growing pigs.

小组讨论对本科生创新力培养:基于GROW模型

如何切实有效地培养本科生的创新能力,提高人才质量,是我国高等教育目前亟待解决的问题。基于GROW模型,从明确讨论主题、知识讲解探究、组内互动讨论和教师评价总结四个方面,探讨课堂小组讨论模式在本科生教学中的新路径。通过“滴水看世界”的选题策略、前期正逆向选择的分组策略、合作互助与独立思考相结合的交流策略、展示过程多样化与灵活性相结合的汇报策略等,使课堂小组讨论“形”“神”兼具。以此,力求为深化教学改革提供经验积累,从而促进我国本科生创新能力的全面提升。

GROW模型在新型冠状病毒肺炎留观隔离病区护理管理中的应用

将GROW模型运用在新型冠状病毒肺炎留观隔离病区的护理管理中,36名护士参与护理管理,从目标、现状、方案、意愿四个方面来处理解决病区运行管理中存在的问题。2020年1月28日至2月25日,留观隔离病区312例患者中4例确诊新型冠状病毒肺炎收治定点病区,308例疑似患者排除后解除隔离,医务人员零感染,患者无交叉感染,患者对护理工作满意。GROW模型的应用能够在应急情况下使护理管理工作高效开展。