Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment, Gua Sha, can Induce Subtle Molecular Changes in Gene Expression

Objective Here, we explored molecular changes that could potentially mediate healing effects of Gua Sha — a method employed by the Chinese traditional medicine with proven track records of safe and efficient applications dating back to ancient times as well as support from randomized controlled trials performed by modern medical studies — yet remaining almost entirely unexplored by the modern-day high-throughput methods of the-omics sciences.Methods We investigated transcriptome changes occurring shortly after Gua Sha treatment in the whole blood of healthy volunteers using bulk RNA-seq analysis. We applied various analytical tools to identify genes with consistent expression changes in multiple individuals in response to Gua Sha and their networks.Results We found that while the changes were very subtle and individual-specific, we could identify consistent upregulation of three histone genes. Further analysis of the potential regulatory networks of these histone genes revealed the enrichment of functions involved in the immune response and inflammation.Conclusion The significance of these results in the context of potential effects of Gua Sha and the next steps in exploring the molecular mechanisms of action of this technique are discussed.

基于Oracle Data Guard的容灾策略与实现

本文论述了数据库容灾备份的概念以及Data Guard概述,从Da-ta Guard保护模式、工作原理等方面分析了Oracle Data Guard容灾技术的可用性。讨论了如何利用Data Guard技术来实现数据容灾备份,并给出了详细的实现方法。

Cultural differences between China and America reflected in the movie Gua Sha

As cross-cultural communication gains growing popularity in our global world,heavy emphasis has been placed on a better understanding of cultural differences among countries.Gua Sha is such a movie that epitomizes the existing cultural differences between China and America.It is to firstly make a brief introduction of the plot and then analyze the causes of various cultural conflicts and finally put forward some suggestions to help avoid these conflicts in cross-cultural communication.

Guattegaumerine的神经细胞保护及细胞内钙调节作用

目的探讨guattegaumerine(Gua)对H2O2合并血清剥夺诱导的培养大鼠神经细胞的保护作用,以及对H2O2、KCl诱导的大鼠皮质神经元内钙超载和缓激肽诱导的人神经母细胞瘤细胞(SH-SY5Y)内钙超载的影响。方法 H2O2合并血清剥夺诱导培养大鼠皮质神经元损伤,Hoechst33258染色法检测Gua对细胞凋亡的影响;钙荧光探针Furo-2/AM标记细胞,荧光显微图像分析系统和双荧光波长分光光度计检测Gua对细胞内钙浓度的影响。结果 Gua能显著抑制H2O2导致的神经元凋亡、H2O2和KCl引起的培养皮质神经细胞[Ca2+]i升高(P<0.05)和缓激肽所诱导的培养人神经母细胞瘤细胞SH-SY5Y[Ca2+]i升高(P<0.01)。结论 Gua具有一定的神经细胞保护作用,该作用可能与其抑制细胞外钙内流及内质网内钙释放有关。

一本万殊的智慧:《周易》贲卦悖而不悖的发掘与阐释

对贲卦美学思想的研究尚属《周易·贲》的小用,而呈现《周易·贲》之大用的悖而不悖的智慧尚未发掘。通过对《周易·贲》基本意涵的探究,发现同属于《易传》的贲卦在《序卦》和《杂卦》中呈现相悖,即:“贲者,饰也”与“贲,无色也”,其映现了中国哲学“一本化万殊,万殊归一本”的圆融通贯理念。本文借鉴物理学的三棱镜原理,揭示并科学诠释了《周易·贲》“悖而不悖”的哲学意涵,丰富了《周易·贲》的奥义,打破了《周易·贲》仅仅用在文饰美学“小用”的研究局限,开拓了《周易·贲》悖而不悖智慧的大用,彰显了中国哲学圆融一贯的智慧。

Debate on Global Impact of EU Enlargement Held in Guangzhou

On the afternoon of April 27, the CPAFFC, the China- EU Association (CEUA), the Guangdong Provincial People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries (GPPAFFC) and the Delegation of the European Commission of the European Union jointly held a debate on the global impact brought about by the 15+10 enlargement of European Union in Zhongshan University, Guangzhou.

Combination Treatment with Gua Sha and Blood-letting Causes Attenuation of Systemic Inflammation,Activated Coagulation,Tissue Ischemia and Injury during Heatstroke in Rats

Objective： Gua Sha and Blood-letting at the acupoints were Chinese traditional therapies for heatstroke. The purpose of present study was to assess the therapeutic effect of Gua Sha on the DU Meridian and Bladder Meridian combined with Blood-letting acupoints at Shixuan （EX-UE 11） and Weizhong （BL 40） on heatstroke. Methods： Anesthetized rats, immediately after the onset of heatstroke, were divided into four major groups： Gua Sha group, Blood-letting group, Gua Sha combined with Blood-letting group and model group. They were exposed to ambient temperature of 43℃ to induce heatstroke. Another group of rats were exposed to room temperature （26℃） and used as normal control group. Their survival times were measured. In addition, their physiological and biochemical parameters were continuously monitored. Results： When rats underwent heatstroke, their survival time values were found to be 21-25 min. Treatment of Gua Sha combined with Blood- letting greatly improved the survival time （230 ± 22 rain） during heatstroke. All heatstoke animals displayed and activated coagulation evidenced by increased prothrombin time （PT）, activated partial thromboplastin time （aPTT）, D-dimer, and decreased platelet count, protein C. Furthermore, the animals displayed systemic inflammation evidenced by increased the serum levels of cytokines interleukin-1β （IL-1β）, tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α） and malondialdehyde （MDA）. Biochemical markers evidenced by cellular ischemia and injury/dysfunction included increased plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen （BUN）, creatinine, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase （SGOT）, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase （SGPT）, and alkaline phosphatase （ALP） were all elevated during heatstroke. Core temperatures （Tco） were also increased during heatstroke. In contrast, the values of mean arterial pressure were significantly lower during heatstroke. These heatstroke reactions were all significantly suppressed by treatment of Gua Sha and Blood-letting, especially the combination therapy. Conclusion： Gua Sha combined with Blood-letting after heatstroke may improve survival by ameliorating systemic inflammation, hypercoagulable state, and tissue ischemia and injury in multiple organs.

Gua Sha attenuates thermal hyperalgesia and decreases proinflammatory cytokine expression in serum in rats with lumbar disc herniation induced by autologous nucleus pulposus

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the analgesic effect of Gua Sha and its underlying mechanism in rats with noncompressive lumbar disk herniation induced by autologous nucleus pulposus.METHODS: A rat model of noncompressive lumbar disk herniation was established and rats were randomly divided into model group, sham group, and Gua Sha group(24 in each group). Gua Sha was performed from the 5 th day after the surgery, once every other day, 3 times for a course of treatment,and totally 3 courses. The thermal withdrawal latency was evaluated using the intelligent hot plate one day before the surgery, and on days 4(the day before the treatment), 10(the end of the firstcourse), 16(the end of the second course) and 22(the end of the third course). On days 4, 10, 16 and22, six rats in each group were picked randomly and their blood samples were drawn to assess the expression of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α).RESULTS: Compared to rats in the sham group, the application of nucleus pulposus to right L5 dorsal root ganglion induced prolonged thermal hyperalgesia, and up-regulated the expression of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in serum(P < 0.01). The therapy of Gua Sha attenuated thermal hyperalgesia potently,inhibited the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in a time-dependent manner(P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the thermal withdrawal latency and the expression of inflammatory cytokines between the sham and Gua Sha groups at the end of the treatment(P > 0.01).CONCLUSION: The current study showed that Gua Sha might alleviate thermal hyperalgesia in rats with lumbar disc herniation induced by autologous nucleus pulposus via inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory cytokins.

Anticolchicine Cytotoxicity Enhanced by Dan Gua-Fang(丹瓜方),A Chinese Herb Prescription in ECV304 in Mediums

Objective：To study the effect of anticolchicine cytotoxicity of Dan Gua-Fang（丹瓜方）,a Chinese herbal compound prescription on endothelial cells of vein（ECV304） cultivated in mediums of different glucose concentrations as well as the proliferation of those cells in the same conditions,in order to reveal the value of Dan Gua-Fang in preventing and treating endothelial damage caused by hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. Methods：The research was designed as three stages.The growing state and morphological changes were observed when ECV304 were cultivated in the culture mediums,which have different glucose concentrations with or without Dan Gua-Fang and at the same time with or without colchicine.Results：（1） Dan Gua-Fang at all concentrations reduced the floating cell population of ECV304 cultivated in hyperglycemia mediums.（2） Dan Gua-Fang at all concentrations and hyperglycemia both had a function of promoting ＂pseudopod-like＂ structure formation in cultivated ECV304,but the function was not superimposed in mediums containing both hyperglycemia and Dan Gua-Fang.（3） Colchicine reduced and even vanished the ＂pseudopod-like＂ structure of the endotheliocyte apparently cultivated in mediums of hyperglycemia or with Dan Gua-Fang.The ＂pseudopod- like＂ structure of the endotheliocyte emerged quickly in Dan Gua-Fang groups after colchicine was removed, but it was not the case in hyperglycemia only without Dan Gua-Fang groups.（4） Dan Gua-Fang reduced the mortality of cells cultivated in mediums containing colchicine.The cell revived to its normal state fast after colchicine was removed.Conclusion：Dan Gua-Fang has the functions of promoting the formation of cytoskeleton and fighting against colchicine cytotoxicity.

Effects of Gua Sha therapy on weightlifting training: a randomized trial

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of Gua Sha therapy on weightlifting training.METHODS: The sample size was calculated by conducting a pilot study. A total of 44 male weightlifters were randomly assigned to either the Gua Sha group(n = 15), sham scraping group(n = 14), or control group(n = 14). The participants in the Gua Sha group and sham scraping group received 16 sessions of Gua Sha therapy during normal weightlifting training for 8 weeks. No treatment was applied to participants in the control group. The effectiveness of Gua Sha therapy was evaluated by measuring weightlifting ability, the rating of perceived exertion(RPE) of snatch and clean and jerk(85% of1 repetition maximum), and creatinine kinase(CK),blood urea nitrogen(BUN), and immunoglobulin A levels.RESULTS: Gua Sha therapy treatment significantly increased weightlifting ability in participants in the Gua Sha group(P < 0.01). The RPE values of snatch and clean and jerk were significantly lower in the Gua Sha group and sham scraping groups compared with the control group(P < 0.05). CK levels were lower and immunoglobulin A levels were significantly higher in the Gua Sha group compared with sham scraping group and control group(both P < 0.05). BUN levels tended to be reduced only in the Gua Sha group. A close correlation between CK levels and the RPE was found in the Gua Sha group.CONCLUSION: Gua Sha therapy can facilitate weightlifting ability, reduce the RPE, and inhibit muscle injury by promoting recovery from fatigue caused by normal weightlifting training. Gua Sha therapy could be an effective treatment to complement normal weightlifting training.

Toxicity Features of High Glucose on Endothelial Cell Cycle and Protection by Dan Gua-Fang(丹瓜方) in ECV-304 in High Glucose Medium

Objective： To study the toxicity features of high glucose on the endothelial cell cycle and the influence of Dan Gua-Fang , a Chinese herbal compound prescription, on the reproductive cycle of vascular endothelial cells cultivated under a high glucose condition; to reveal the partial mechanisms of Dan Gua- Fang in the prevention and treatment of endothelial injury caused by hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus （DM）; and offer a reference for dealing with the vascular complications of DM patients with long-term high blood glucose. Methods： Based on the previous 3-（4,5）-dimethylthiahiazo （z-yl）-3-5-diphenytetrazoliumromide （MI-I-） experiment, under different medium concentrations of glucose and Dangua liquor, the endothelial cells of vein-304 （ECV-304） were divided into 6 groups as follows： standard culture group （Group A, 5.56 mmol/L glucose）; 11300 herb-standard group （Group B）; high glucose culture group （Group C, 16.67 mmol/L glucose）; 1/150 herb-high glucose group （Group D）; 1/300 herb-high glucose group （Group E）; and 1/600 herb-high glucose group （Group F）. The cell cycle was assayed using flow cytometry after cells were cultivated for 36, 72 and 108 h, respectively. Results： （1） The percentage of cells in the Go/G1 phase was significantly increased in Group C compared with that in Group A （P〈0.05）, while the percentage of S-phase （S%） cells in Group C was significantly reduced compared with Group A （P〈0.05）; the latter difference was dynamically related to the length of growing time of the endothelial cells in a high glucose environment. （2） The S% cells in Group A was decreased by 30.25% （from 40.23% to 28.06%） from 36 h to 72 h, and 12.33% （from 28.06% to 24.60%） from 72 h to 108 h; while in Group C, the corresponding decreases were 23.05% and 21.87%, respectively. The difference of S% cells between the two groups reached statistical significance at 108 h （P〈0.05）, （3） The percentage difference of cells in the Gz/M phase between Group C and Group A was statistically significant at 72 h （P〈0.01）. （4） 1/300 Dan Gua-Fang completely reversed the harmful effect caused by 16.67 mmol/L high glucose on the cell cycle; moreover it did not disturb the cell cycle when the cell was cultivated in a glucose concentration of 5.56 mmol/L. Conclusions： High glucose produces an independent impact on the cell cycle. Persistent blocking of the cell cycle and its arrest at the Go/G1 phase are toxic effects of high glucose on the endothelial cell cycle. The corresponding variation of the arrest appears in the S phase. 1/300 Dan Gua-Fang completely eliminates the blockage of high glucose on the endothelial cell cycle.

Dan-gua Fang (丹瓜方) Improves Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders by Promoting Hepatic Adenosine 5'-monophosphate Activated Protein Kinase Expression in Diabetic Goto-kakizaki Rats

Objective：To investigate the effect of Dan-gua Fang（丹瓜方） on adenosine 5’-monophosphate（AMP） activated protein kinase（AMPK） α expression in liver and subsequent improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism.Methods：Forty 13-week-old diabetic Goto-Kakizaki（GK） rats were randomly divided into model,Dan-gua Fang,metformin and simvastatin groups（n=10 for each）,and fed high-fat diet ad libitum.Ten Wistar rats were used as normal group and fed normal diet.After 24 weeks,liver expression of AMPK α mRNA was assessed by real-time PCR.AMPK α and phospho-AMPK α protein expression in liver was evaluated by Western blot.Liver histomorphology was carried out after hematoxylin-eosin staining,and blood glucose（BG）,glycosylated hemoglobin A1c（HbA1c）,food intake and body weight recorded.Results：Similar AMPK α mRNA levels were found in the Dan-gua Fang group and normal group,slightly higher than the values obtained for the remaining groups（P〈0.05）.AMPK α protein expression in the Dan-gua Fang group animals was similar to other diabetic rats,whereas phospho-AMPK α（Thr-172） protein levels were markedly higher than in the metformin group and simvastatin group（P〈0.05）,respectively.However,phosphor-AMPKa/AMPK α ratios were similar in all groups.Dan-gua Fang reduced fasting blood glucose with similar strength to metformin,and was superior in reducing cholesterol,triglycerides,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as well as improving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in comparison with simvastatin and metformin.Dan-gua Fang decreases plasma alanine aminotransferase（ALT） significantly.Conclusion：Dan-gua Fang,while treating phlegm-stasis,could decrease BG and lipid in type 2 diabetic GK rats fed with high-fat diet,and effectively protect liver histomorphology and function.This may be partly explained by increased AMPK expression in liver.Therefore,Dan-gua Fang might be an ideal drug for comprehensive Intervention for glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Gua Sha,An Ancient Technical Management,for Certain Illness

We were attracted by a news in Washington Post talking about the effects of Gua Sha （刮痧） on pain relief in the United States. Once there was a film telling culture conflicts between Eastern and Western world derived from Gua Sha in 2000, in which the Chinese parents were sued as child abuse evidenced by the appearance of petechiae and ecchymosis （Sha） on the child＇s back. Now about 12 years later Gua Sha has been one of the complementary therapies widely accepted in the United States mirrored by more and more clinic-visits and several evidence-based studies published in peer-reviewed journals.

手法干预联合铜砭刮痧在浆细胞性乳腺炎患者中的应用

目的:探讨手法干预联合铜砭刮痧在浆细胞性乳腺炎的应用与临床疗效。方法:选取符合标准的100例浆细胞性乳腺炎患者,将其随机分为观察组50例和对照组50例。观察组通过手法干预联合铜砭刮痧进行治疗,对照组采用手法干预进行治疗,观察此联合方法对浆细胞性乳腺炎的治疗效果,其中,铜砭刮痧一周一次,十次为一个疗程,手法干预为30~45d一次。结果:观察组的治愈率为78%,对照组的治愈率为58%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组治疗后乳房肿块复发率0。结论:铜砭刮痧的经络气血调理功效联合手法干预的疏通作用在治疗浆细胞性乳腺炎具有良好的临床效果,可以缩短治疗时间,减轻患者疼痛,降低复发率,保持较好的乳房外形。

《周易·家人卦》的母教思想及其当代观照

《周易》既是一部经久不衰的哲学著作和文化经典,也蕴含着丰富的教育思想和家道智慧。《家人》卦集中阐释了治家之道,专门探讨了家庭教育的要旨,认为家道的根本系于母教,而母教的成败则关乎家族存亡、社会兴衰与国家治乱。通过卦象寓义和易理发微,《家人》卦明确了主体母教、客体母教与反身母教的三重母教内涵,同时提出了教子婴孩、教子修身、教子以恒的三大母教原则和宽严相济的母教方法。在家庭结构、女性角色和亲子关系发生剧变的当今社会,充分挖掘和继承弘扬《家人》卦中源远流长的母教思想,需要廓清家庭教育的内涵与职责、强化父母协同共育教育理念、推动父亲互补角色深度融入和引导母亲明晰自我角色定位。

朱熹《周易本义·比卦》的解读

朱熹《周易本义·比卦》关于卦辞的注解,可以分成四个层次来进行解读。第一层是总论,第二三层是分论,最后一层是别论。前三层是“为人比”的角度,第四层是“欲比人”的角度。“为人比”与“欲比人”两者立场相同,但角度正好相反。朱子的注解层次分明,逻辑关系严密,极富思辨色彩。同时,通过对诸家《周易·比卦》卦辞的注释进行比较分析,发现对“比卦”卦辞的理解存在诸多不同之处,尚有值得继续研究、探讨的空间和必要。

帅才如何产生——揭榜挂帅制度的“选帅—定帅—挂帅”机制

揭榜挂帅制度可以吸引、选拔和激励科技人才参与关键核心技术攻关,然而,对于如何提升潜在揭榜方的参与积极性、为揭榜挂帅项目选出帅才,学界研究颇少。为发挥制度优势,保证揭榜成效,以揭榜方为研究对象,对揭榜挂帅制度的“选帅—定帅—挂帅”机制进行深入研究。结果表明,在选帅阶段,为控制揭榜方规模、提高质量,应着重考察揭榜方的门槛条件、诚信条件以及研发能力等;在定帅阶段,根据揭榜方竞合关系以及项目特征,应相机选择独立揭榜、联合揭榜、多对一揭榜、一对一揭榜等方式;在挂帅阶段,为保证揭榜方顺利挂帅攻关,应明确揭榜方权利、确保揭榜攻关资金。

铜砭刮痧联合耳穴压豆对MCAO大鼠脑缺血损伤改善效果及炎性因子的影响

目的 探讨铜砭刮痧联合耳穴压豆对大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)大鼠脑缺血损伤改善效果及炎症因子的影响。方法 将50只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、刮痧组、耳穴组、联合组,每组10只,采用大脑中动脉线栓法建立MCAO模型。与造模d1开始,对大鼠进行刮痧及耳穴等干预,于干预14 d后,采用mNSS评分表评估大鼠神经功能缺损程度,ELISA检测血清中炎性因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10的含量,TTC染色法测定脑梗死面积,Western blot法检测脑组织IL-6、IL-10蛋白含量,RT-qPCR检测IL-6、IL-10 m RNA表达水平。结果 刮痧组、耳穴组、联合组在mNSS评分、脑梗死面积方面均优于模型组(P<0.05)。刮痧组、联合组血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量低于模型组(P<0.05),IL-10高于模型组(P<0.05),蛋白含量及mRNA表达IL-6低于模型组(P<0.05),IL-10高于模型组(P<0.05)。耳穴组血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量低于模型组(P<0.05),但IL-10含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);蛋白含量及mRNA表达IL-6低于模型组(P<0.05),但IL-10差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 铜砭刮痧联合耳穴压豆可改善MCAO大鼠神经功能,及作用可能与免疫调节机制有关。