Investigation of the quality of life,mental status in patients with gynecological cancer and its influencing factors

BACKGROUND Having a gynecological tumor or undergoing treatment can be a traumatic experience for women,as it affects their self-image and sexual relationships and can lead to psychological reactions.Psychological adjustment following cancer occurrence remains a key issue among the survivors.AIM To examine the current status of quality of life(QoL),anxiety,and depression in patients with gynecological cancer and to analyze the factors associated with it.METHODS Data for 160 patients with gynecological malignancies treated at Shanxi Bethune Hospital from June 2020 to June 2023 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Patients’QoL was assessed using the European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General Questionnaire.Their emotional status was evaluated using the Self-Rating Anxiety/Depression Scale.The associated factors of anxiety and depression were analyzed.RESULTS The overall QoL score of the patients 6 months after surgery was 76.39±3.63 points.This included low levels of social and emotional function and severe fatigue and pain.The scores for physiological,functional,emotional,social,and family well-being exhibited an upward trend following surgery compared with those before surgery.One month after surgery,some patients experienced anxiety and depression,with an incidence of 18.75%and 18.13%,respectively.Logistic analysis revealed that good sleep was a protective factor against anxiety and depression in patients with gynecological tumors,whereas physical pain was a risk factor.CONCLUSION Patients with gynecological malignancies often experience anxiety and depression.By analyzing the factors that affect patients’QoL,effective nursing measures can be administered.

Risk Factors Asscociated with Hypokalemia during Postanesthesia Recovery and Its Impact on Outcomes in Gynecological Patients:A Propensity Score Matching Study

Objective:This study aimed to explore the risk factors and outcomes of hypokalemia during the recovery period from anesthesia in the gynecological population.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included 208 patients who underwent gynecological surgery at our institution between January 2021 and March 2022.Data were collected for each patient,including demographics,disease status,surgical data,and clinical information.Preoperative bowel preparation,postoperative gastrointestinal function,and electrolyte levels were compared between the two groups using propensity score matching(PSM).Results:The incidence of hypokalemia(serum potassium level<3.5 mmol/L)during the recovery period from anesthesia was approximately 43.75%.After PSM,oral laxative use(96.4%vs.82.4%,P=0.005),the number of general enemas(P=0.014),and the rate of≥2 general enemas(92.9%vs.77.8%,P=0.004)were identified as risk factors for hypokalemia,which was accompanied by decreased PaCO_(2) and hypocalcemia.There were no significant differences in postoperative gastrointestinal outcomes,such as the time to first flatus or feces,the I-FEED score(a scoring system was created to evaluate impaired postoperative gastrointestinal function),or postoperative recovery outcomes,between the hypokalemia group and the normal serum potassium group.Conclusion:Hypokalemia during postanesthesia recovery period occurred in 43.75%of gynecological patients,which resulted from preoperative mechanical bowel preparation;however,it did not directly affect clinical outcomes,including postoperative gastrointestinal function,postoperative complications,and length of hospital stay.

Impact of gynecological cancers on women’s mental health

Gynecological cancers and their treatments are associated with both specific and non-specific long-term physiological effects.Cancer patients face transformations in their lifestyle,body image,role,and social interactions and suffer from physical,psychological,and economic problems.The mental health of cancer patients is of great importance and requires special attention,as growing evidence demonstrates its influence not only on quality of life but also on treatment com-pliance.Gynecological cancers have peculiar psychological consequences,which are linked to the specificity of the site of the neoplasia.Clinicians should be aware of the importance of protecting the psychophysical health of these patients and the fact that their physical health and quality of life also depend on the quality of their mental health.It is possible to structure targeted and effective prevention interventions and treatments to reduce psychological distress and improve the quality of life of subjects living with gynecological cancers.

Iron-Deficiency Anemia Management in Gynecological Surgery: A Review of Current Evidence and Best Practices

Purpose: Due to the high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in women undergoing gynecological surgeries and its association with worse postoperative results, it is necessary to identify and treat anemia preoperatively. However, although anemia and iron deficiency are significant global health problems, there are still disparities in the recognition and implementation of “Patient Blood Management” (PBM) as a comprehensive approach to mitigating the risks associated with these diseases. The purpose of the study is to review best practices for the treatment of anemia based on the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol and PBM recommendations. Methods: This study reviewed the literature on preoperative iron deficiency anemia in patients undergoing gynecological surgery. We identified references through searches in PubMed using relevant search terms. Results: Among the various strategies used in PBM, perhaps the most important is the early detection and management of anemia. In gynecological surgery, there are several approaches to reducing perioperative blood loss, highlighting the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists (aGnRh) and antifibrinolytics. Oral and intravenous iron supplementation can be performed in addition to blood transfusion to treat anemia. Conclusion: Addressing preoperative and postoperative anemia through systematic correction, following the guidelines of the ERAS protocol and PBM guidelines, is essential to improving perioperative outcomes in women undergoing gynecological surgery.

Effects of relaxation breathing exercise on fatigue and cortisol level among Indonesian gynecological cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy:a pilot study

Objective:This study aimed to determine the effect of the relaxation breathing exercise(RBE)on fatigue and cortisol levels among Indonesian women with gynecological cancer undergoing chemotherapy.Methods:This pilot study consecutively recruited 44 gynecological cancer patients to receive RBE(22)or usual care(22).Cortisol level was measured before and after completion of the intervention(day 8).Fatigue was measured using the Piper Fatigue Scale(PFS).Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS)at the baseline days of the study for days 1,4,and 8.The obtained data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test,the independent t-test,and the Mann-Whitney U test.Results:There were significant increases in cortisol levels within the groups,either the intervention or control groups,respectively(P-value=0.0003 and 0.001).Despite there being no statistical significance between the intervention and control groups,there were noticeable differences in the cortisol levels,indicating the extreme increase in cortisol levels in the control group(Median[IQR1-IQR3]:2.30[0.99-9.09];Min-Max:0.43-23.38)compared with the intervention group(Median[IQR1-IQR3]=2.97[1.26-5.18];Min-Max=0.39-6.91).Conclusions:RBE helps prevent a significant increase in cortisol levels that can alleviate fatigue for women with gynecological cancer.Further research was recommended to compare several intervention modalities for fatigue and cancer-related symptom management based on cortisol level changes.

Gynecological Side Effects of Tamoxifen among Sudanese Women, Khartoum, Sudan, 2020

Background: In Sudan, the common endocrine therapy tamoxifen is prescribed to HR-positive patients, which is associated with a variety of complications such as hot flashes, vaginal discharge, and vaginal dryness. Objective: This study aimed to determine the gynecological side effects of tamoxifen among Sudanese women who have been diagnosed with breast cancer in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Alzara Hospital in Al Amal Toure Revere, Sudan. A convenience sample of individuals previously diagnosed with breast cancer attended refer clinic. From October 2020 to September 2021, all patients attending were checked for eligibility. Results: A total of 100 patients were enrolled in the study;60% of patients reported increased vaginal secretions after taking the drug, 28% reported normal vaginal secretions with no change, and 11% reported decreased secretions after taking the medication, while 22% developed vaginal bleeding, and 22% of the ultrasound results revealed endometrial masses among the study patients. Also, 54 percent of female patients experienced hot flashes after taking the medication, and 12% of women missed some doses of treatment. Conclusion: Tamoxifen results in several gynecological side effects in women with breast cancer. A high percentage of women in the study developed hot flashes, vaginal bleeding, and discharge, in addition to having ultrasound results showing endometrial masses among them.

Clinical application of multidisciplinary team-and evidence-based practice project in gynecological patients with perioperative hypothermia

BACKGROUND Perioperative hypothermia(PH)negatively affects the physical and mental health of patients to varying degrees.Currently,there is no effective multidisciplinary team(MDT)intervention for gynecological patients with PH.AIM To apply the best evidence on the prevention and management of PH in gynecological patients,improve the quality of perioperative evidence-based care based on treatment by an MDT for gynecological patients and analyze the effect of MDT-and evidence-based practice(EBP)projects on the psychological status and cognitive function of gynecological patients with PH.METHODS Under the guidance of knowledge translation and combined with the opinions of involved stakeholders and clinical experts,the best evidence for PH prevention and management in gynecological patients was selected and adjusted to suit the practice setting.Based on the evidence,the practice plan was developed,and the MDT intervention was carried out in the preoperative ward,the preoperative preparation room,the intraoperative operating room,the postanesthesia care unit,and the 24-hour postoperative gynecological ward through the EBP program.The incidence of hypothermia,the nurses’awareness,the implementation rate of examination indicators,and the thermal comfort level,psychological status and cognitive function of patients were compared before and after the implementation of the program.RESULTS The incidence of PH in gynecological patients decreased from 43.33%to 13.33%after the implementation of the scheme.The implementation rate of examination indicators 6-10,12,14,16-18,21,and 22 reached 100%,and that of other indicators was above 90%,except for examination indicators 5 and 13,which was 66.67%;the indices were significantly improved compared with the baseline(before evidence application)(P<0.05).The score of nurses'awareness of PH prevention and management in gynecological patients increased from 60.96±9.70 to 88.08±8.96,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).The total score of the perioperative thermal comfort level of patients undergoing gynecological surgery was 27.97±2.04,which was significantly increased compared with the score of 21.27±1.57 observed by researchers at baseline(P<0.001).The perioperative Hamilton Depression Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores of patients undergoing gynecological surgery decreased from 15.03±3.16 and 13.93±2.64 to 4.30±1.15 and 3.53±0.78,respectively,with statistically significant differences(P<0.001).The perioperative Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale score of the gynecological surgery patients increased from 23.17±1.68 to 26.93±1.11,also with statistical significance(P<0.001).CONCLUSION MDT-based EBP for PH prevention and management in gynecological patients during the perioperative period can standardize nursing operations,improve nurses'awareness and behavioral compliance with gynecological hypothermia management,and reduce the occurrence of PH in gynecological patients while playing a positive role in reducing patients’negative emotions and enhancing their cognitive function.

Application of traditional Chinese medicine acupoint needle embedding combined with emotional nursing in patients with gynecological malignant tumors

BACKGROUND Few relevant literature reports on applying acupoint press-needle embedding combined with emotional nursing in patients with a gynecological malignant tumor.AIM To explore the effect of traditional Chinese medicine acupoint needle embedding combined with emotional nursing on chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting(CINV),cancer-related fatigue(CRF)and psychological state in patients with gynecological malignant tumors.METHODS Retrospective analysis of the clinical information of 84 patients with gynecological malignant tumors treated in our hospital from August 2020 to December 2022 Led to the development of an observation group(n=42)and a control group(n=42)based on various nursing approaches.Ondansetron hydrochloride injection was administered to the individuals in the control group.However,the observation group received emotional nursing based on the control group and acupoint pressneedle embedding of traditional Chinese medicine.Patients in both groups received the chemotherapy regimen of paclitaxel liposome+carbo-platin/cisplatin.For four weeks,both groups intervened.The CINV grade,quality of life,CRF,psychological status and sleep quality scores of the two groups before and RESULTS After intervention,the degree of CINV in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group.After intervention,the scores of each dimension and total score of FLIE scale were significantly higher than those in the control group.After intervention,the scores of each dimension and total score of Piper Fatigue Scale were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).After intervention,the scores of avoidance and yield dimensions in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,and the scores of confrontation dimension were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).After intervention,the sleep quality score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group,and the Karnofsky Performance Status scale score was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The acupuncture point needle embedding of traditional Chinese medicine combined with emotional nursing can further reduce the incidence of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting in patients with gynecological malignant tumors,improve the quality of life and the degree of CRF,alleviate the bad psychological state,adopt a positive way to face the disease and treatment,and improve the quality of sleep and quality of life.

Sex-determining region Y box-containing genes: regulators and biomarkers in gynecological cancers

Sex-determining region Y box-containing genes are transcription factors with roles in multiple biological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis.Sex-determining region Y box-containing genes have also been shown to act as regulators and biomarkers in the progression of many different cancers, including gynecological cancers such as ovarian, cervical,and endometrial cancer.In this review, we summarize the contrasting regulatory roles of Sex-determining region Y box-containing genes in different gynecological cancers, as promotors with high expression levels or as suppressors with low expression levels.Expression levels of Sex-determining region Y box-containing genes were also identified as biomarkers of clinical features, including International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, histopathologic grade together with disease-free survival, and treatment efficacy in patients with gynecological cancers.An understanding of the mechanisms whereby Sex-determining region Y box-containing genes regulate the progression of gynecological cancers will aid in the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, while analysis of Sex-determining region Y box-containing expression levels will help to predict the prognosis of patients with gynecological cancers.

Effect of Preemptive Ketamine Administration on Postoperative Visceral Pain after Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery

The pain following gynecological laparoscopic surgery is less intense than that following open surgery; however, patients often experience visceral pain after the former surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of preemptive ketamine on visceral pain in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Ninety patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Group 1 received placebo. Group 2 was intravenously injected with preincisional saline and local infiltration with 20 m L ropivacaine（4 mg/m L） at the end of surgery. Group 3 was intravenously injected with preincisional ketamine（0.3 mg/kg） and local infiltration with 20 m L ropivacaine（4 mg/m L） at the end of surgery. A standard anesthetic was used for all patients, and meperidine was used for postoperative analgesia. The visual analogue scale（VAS） scores for incisional and visceral pain at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h, cumulative analgesic consumption and time until first analgesic medication request, and adverse effects were recorded postoperatively. The VAS scores of visceral pain in group 3 were significantly lower than those in group 2 and group 1 at 2 h and 6 h postoperatively（P〈0.05 and P〈0.01, respectively）. At 2 h and 6 h, the VAS scores of incisional pain did not differ significantly between groups 2 and 3, but they were significantly lower than those in group 1（P〈0.01）. Groups 1 and 2 did not show any differences in visceral pain scores at 2 h and 6 h postoperatively. Moreover, the three groups showed no statistically significant differences in visceral and incisional pain scores at 12 h and 24 h postoperatively. The consumption of analgesics was significantly greater in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3, and the time to first request for analgesics was significantly longer in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1, with no statistically significant difference between groups 2 and 3. However, the three groups showed no significant difference in the incidence of shoulder pain or adverse effects. Preemptive ketamine may reduce visceral pain in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

Effect of fast-track surgery in gynecological laparoscopy:a randomized controlled trial

Objective:To evaluate the value of fast-track surgery(FTS)in gynecological laparoscopy during the perioperative period.Methods:The clinical data of 234 patients who underwent gynecological laparoscopy from January to December in 2018 were collected.Of note,117 patients received a routine nursing method(control group),and 117 patients received the FTS nursing method(observation group).Results:Compared with the control group,FTS group had a quicker postoperative bowel function recovery,earlier to get out of bed,and a lower anxiety level(P<0.05);The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting of two groups had no statistical difference.Conclusions:The application of FTS in gynecological laparoscopy is safe,effective,and worth promoting.

Gynecology and Gynecological Nursing Theories and Practices in Traditional Chinese Medicine: Review on the Ancient Literatures

Objective: the study is aimed to introduce the developing history of gynecology and gynecological nursing in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Study Design: the development of gynecology and gynecological nursing consists of six periods in Chinese history. They are: 1) budding stage represented by the inscriptions of Nü (female) on oracle bones;2) physiological development stages of women;3) specialized chapters of gynecology in TCM;4) features of gynecological nursing;5) monograph of gynecology and gynecological nursing;6) integration of ancient gynecological nursing perceptions. Results: TCM has a profound understanding of gynecology and gynecological nursing. For period one, the inscriptions of Nü (female) on oracle bones is the symbol of the budding stage. For period two, physiogenesis stages of women are recorded in The Yellow Emperor of Classics of Inner Medicine. For period three, the specialized chapters of gynecology appeared, represented by Golden Chamber, Woman. For period four, the features of gynecological nursing were elaborated in Essential Prescriptions Worth A Thousand Gold including menstruation, depression, yin-dampness, and menopause. For period five, monographs of gynecology and gynecological nursing represented by Good Comprehensive Woman Formulae appeared. For period six, Integrative studies of gynecological nursing perceptions were carried out with the representation by Integrated Ancient and Modern Books. Conclusion: TCM gynecology and gynecological nursing harbors a long history of treating and nursing gynecological disorders. With therapeutic and nursing modalities, they are effective systems of un-derstanding and managing woman health as proven by medical literatures, clinical benefits and basic research studies.

Primarily Outcome of Laparoscopic Hysterectomy for Early-Stage Malignant Gynecological Cancer of Unselected Cases in Five Years

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH) in early-stage malignant gynecological cancer. Methods: Data from patients who underwent surgical management for early-stage gynecological cancer between 2009 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Each woman gave her informed consent to be included into the study, which was previously approved by the local ethics committee and Institutional Review Board. Inclusion Criteria: All patients presented with stage I or II disease, and underwent comprehensive staging surgery consisting of hysterectomy or radical hysterectomy, with or without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, with or without para-aortic lymphadenectomy, with or without omentectomy, and peritoneal cytology. Results: 345 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery (201 cervical cancer cases, 110 endometrial cancer cases and 34 ovarian cancer cases) were identified. Surgery for none of the patients was converted from laparoscopy to laparotomy. The median patient age for early-stage of gynecological cancer was 48 years (range, 29 - 71 years). 87 (25.22%) of whom were elderly (>60 years);98 (28.41%) were obese (>30 kg/m2);164 (62.96%) were postmenopausal;103 (29.86%) had undergone previous abdominal surgery;96 (25%) had a history of medical disease. The median operative time and estimated blood loss were 3.5 hours (range, 2.5 - 5.5 hour) and 80 mL (20 - 200 mL), respectively. Intra-operative and postoperative complications occurred in 6 (1.74%) and 34 (9.86%). None of the patients occurred death. The interval to bowel movement and indwelling catheter were 3 days (range, 1 - 5 days) and 7 days (range, 5 - 11 days). The median postoperative hospital stay was 10 days (range, 6 - 18 days). The mean operating time and hospital days for cervical cancer was shorter;the estimated blood loss was lower;and the peri-operative complications were lower in the second stage (July 2012-May 2014) than in the first three years (May 2009-June 2012) in our department

The burden of gynecological cancer management in Northern Nigeria

Background: Carcinoma of the Cervix is one of the gynecologic cancers. Gynecological cancer is a scourge in the developing nations because of the burden of cervical cancer. Carcinoma of the cervix is the leading cause of cancer death in women. The costs of treatment of cancers generally are very high and this has made care very difficult in the developing nations. The question therefore is who bears the cost and whose responsibilities? Aims and Objective: To study the economic burden of cancers on the patient, and how they source for these funds. To determine how the lack of funds or otherwise has affected their care. To assess their perception of who should bear the cost of this care. Methodology: It is a prospective study of all consecutive patients that attended the Gynecologic clinic of our unit between 2nd January 2010 and 30th June 2010. Data were analyzed using Excel statistical package. Result: A total of 93 patients were interviewed. A majority of 70 (76%) of the patients had Carcinoma of the cervix. The mean age of there husbands was 58 years. Most of them were either farmers (21%) or retired civil/public servants (15%) and earn between 700 - 1700 dollars per year. A large group of the patients were full time House wives (48%), while Petty trading and farming account for 13.3% each. The women earn less than 500 dollars per year. Only 50% received assistance, from family members (35.8%) or relatives (29.6%). More than 50% of them have spent between 1000 - 3000 dollars for their health bills. It was sad to note that 40% of them have no hope of help/assistance from anywhere. A majority of 83.3% believe that the government should come to their aids. Conclusion: In the developing nations, poverty still remains major problem, where people still earn less than a dollar per day. In essence prevention is paramount;otherwise most of our women who escaped maternal mortality may end up being a victim of cancer death.

Advances of Prevention and Nursing of Deep Venous Thrombosis after Gynecological Tumor Operation

Emainly includes deep venous thrombosis(DVT)and pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE).DVT is caused by the thrombogenesis of red blood cells,platelets and fibrous protein which obstructs the venous backflow leading to inflam-matory changes in the wall of the vein.PTE is caused by the caducous blood clots of DVT that runs with the blood to the lungs.Because DVT and PTE are the venous thromboembolic disease process in two stages,the prevention of DVT and PTE is very important for preventing the rapid onset of PTE and high mortality rate of the postoperative complications.The changes of female hormones and the blood concentration and lipid metabolism disorders make venous thromboembolism more likely to occur during pregnancy.Once the pulmonary vessels were blocked,the patients’life would be threatened severely.To find a more effective way to prevent postoperative venous thrombosis in gynecology we review the prevention and treatment of deep venous thrombosis after gynecological surgery in this paper.

Brief Introduction to the No.4 Gynecological Herbal Enema

In view of the characteristics of physiology,anatomyand absorbability of the rectum,rectal administration seems tobe a new approach and an effective method for application ofChinese herbal medicine.Based on the experiential formula ofDr.He Shaoshan(a famous and veteran TCM doctor),thepharmaceutical department of our hospital has developed aseries of medicinal herbal products for gynecological use,yielding satisfactory therapeutic results.The No.4Gynecological Herbal Enema is one of the series,and it isbriefly introduced as follows.

Sexual Experience of Women after Gynecological Hysterectomy in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital, Burkina Faso

Objective: To study the sexual experience of women after gynecological hysterectomy in the obstetrics and gynecology department of Yalgado Ouedraogo University Teaching Hospital in Burkina Faso. Patient and Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study from October 1, 2016 to March 30, 2017. It included any patient who had a gynecological indication for a hysterectomy in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Yalgado Ouedraogo University Teaching Hospital (CHU-YO) during the study period. A total of 85 patients were included. We collected information from the consultation records, clinical records, and operating room registries and by surveying the patients themselves. Result: The frequency of hysterectomy in the gynecological period was 3.9%. The mean age of the patients was 51.71 (extremes: 35 and 66 years) and the mean parity was 4.8. Married women were the majority. Fibromyoma and genital prolapse accounted for 56.47% and 23.53% respectively of operative indications. Regarding postintervention sexuality, 29.41% of women declared no longer having sexual desire. Also, they complained of vaginal dryness (31.8%), decreased frequency of orgasm (42.3%), dyspareunia (37.65). Sexual dysfunction was present in 82.35% of women. There was a statistically significant difference between global sexual functioning and geographic origin, educational attainment, socio-economic level, surgical approach, preintervention sexual counseling, women’s psychological profile and their emotional relationship with their spouses. Conclusion: The psychosexual soundness of hysterectomy is important. A diagnosis of sexual disorders prior to the intervention and psychological follow-up throughout the therapeutic process of the pathology indicative of a hysterectomy is necessary for successful postoperative sexuality.

Gynecological malignancies and hormonal therapies: Clinical management and recommendations

Every year in the world a large number of women receive a diagnosis of gynecological cancer and undergo a therapy such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy to the pelvic region. A large portion of these patients are already in menopause, but for younger patients therapies are responsible of early menopause. The physical and psychological symptoms due to iatrogenic menopause significantly reduce the quality of life; however hormone replacement therapy(HRT) has a high efficacy in reducing menopausal symptoms. The prescription of HRT in patients with story of gynecological cancer is debated because its safety has not been completely proven. The main criticism is based on the theory that the hormone replacement could stimulate growth of residual cancer cells increasing the risk of recurrence.

Epidemiological Clinical and Histological Aspects of Gynecological and Breast Cancer in Pointe Noire (Congo Brazzaville)

INTRODUCTION: The objective of our study was to determine the epidemiological clinical and histological aspects of gynecological and breast cancers in Pointe-Noire. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective descriptive study that took place in the cancerology and internal medicine department during the period from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021, i.e. a period of 10 years. Women with histological diagnosis of gynecological and breast cancers were included in our study. The variables studied were: frequency, age, alcohol and tobacco consumption, histological type, stage of extension, location of cancer. Bivariate analysis was done between age and location of the tumour. The statistical test used was the KHI2 test. The results were statistically significant for a value of p RESULTS: We collected 400 files from women with cancer. Among the 400 files, 265 were represented by gynecological and breast cancers, that is a frequency of 65.43%. Among the 265 cases of gynecological and breast cancer identified during this study period, breast cancer represented the first rank with 52% frequency. Cervical cancer accounted for 41% followed by ovarian cancer (5%) and endometrial (2%). Cancer of vulva was represented by a single case. The average age of patients with gynecological and breast cancers during our study was 52 ± 12 years. The average age of patients with cancer of the breast, cervix, ovarian, endometrial was respectively 49 ± 11.97 years, 54.73 ± 12.91 years old, 50 ± 14 years, 67 ± 14.24 years, the age of the vulva cancer patient was 51 years old. The histological type of breast cancer was represented by infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma in 91% of cases, invasive lobular carcinoma in 7% and sarcoma in 2%. Cervical cancers were represented by squamous cell carcinomas in 95% of cases and adenocarcinomas in 5% of cases. Vulva cancer was represented by squamous cell carcinoma, ovarian cancer was represented by epithelial tumors (adenocarcinoma) in 100% of cases. Endometrial cancers were represented by endometrial adenocarcinoma. All cancers were diagnosed at advanced stages (locoregional and metastatic stage). Patients over the age of 50 had more gynecological and breast cancers;but this result was not significant. CONCLUSION: Gynecological and breast cancers are frequent and constitute the first cancer of Congolese women in Pointe-Noire. Breast cancer is the first cancer followed by cancer of the cervix and ovaries. The histological types are those of the literature. Patients with gynecological and breast cancers consult at very advanced stages.

Overview of Research on Zhuangyi in Treating Gynecological Pain

Pain Syndrome is a kind of unpleasant subjective feeling caused by poor Qi and blood circulation for many factors inside and outside the body or physical examination found abnormal signs,which is widely scattered in clinical departments.In recent years,Zhuangyi has made much progress in the treatment of gynecological pain diseases,and its curative effect has unique advantages,especially for gynecological diseases such as dysmenorrhea,pelvic inflammatory disease and mammary gland hyperplasia,for the treatment of gynecological diseases of pain,bruising has a significant effect.The characteristic therapy of Zhuangyi has various kinds with obvious characteristics,safe operation,remarkable effect and wide application prospect.