Gallium isotope is a potential geochemical tool for understanding planetary processes,environmental pollution,and ore deposit formation.The reported Ga isotope compositions(δ^(71)Ga NIST994 values)of some internation...Gallium isotope is a potential geochemical tool for understanding planetary processes,environmental pollution,and ore deposit formation.The reported Ga isotope compositions(δ^(71)Ga NIST994 values)of some international geological standards,such as BCR-2 and BHVO-2 basalts,exhibit inconsistencies between diff erent laboratories.During mass spectrometry analysis,we found thatδ^(71)Ga NIST994 values of geological standards with or without the correction of the interference of^(138)Ba^(2+)(mass/charge ratio=69)on 69 Ga show signifi cant isotope off sets,and thus effi cient separation of Ba and correcting the interference of^(138)Ba^(2+)are both crucial to obtain accurateδ^(71)Ga values.By comparingδ^(71)Ga NIST994 values(relative to NIST SRM 994 Ga)of the same geostandards from diff erent laboratories,we suggest that the isotopic heterogeneity from NIST SRM 994 Ga is one of the key reasons for the inconsistencies inδ^(71)Ga NIST994 values of BCR-2 and BHVO-2.To facilitate inter-laboratory comparisons,we measured the Ga isotopic compositions of 11 geological reference materials(including Pb-Zn ore,bauxite,igneous rocks,and loess)and two Ga solution standards(NIST SRM 3119a and Alfa Aesar).Theδ^(71)Ga NIST994 andδ^(71)Ga IPGP values of these reference materials vary from 1.12‰to 2.63‰and−0.13‰to 1.38‰,respectively,and can be used to evaluate the precision and accuracy of Ga isotope data from diff erent laboratories.展开更多
Alkane coupling with CO_(2) by metal-containing zeolites catalysis is found to be a promising way to produce aromatics and syngas in recent years,but the real active sites and the role of CO_(2) are still unclear owin...Alkane coupling with CO_(2) by metal-containing zeolites catalysis is found to be a promising way to produce aromatics and syngas in recent years,but the real active sites and the role of CO_(2) are still unclear owing to the quick evolution of the metallic active sites and the complex reaction processes including direct propane aromatization,CO_(2) hydrogenation,reverse water-gas shift reaction,and propane-CO_(2) coupling aromatization.Herein,Ga/ZSM-5 catalysts were constructed to study the dynamic evolution of the metallic active sites and the role of CO_(2) during the propane and CO_(2) coupling reaction.After optimizing the reaction conditions,a notable propane conversion rate of 97.9%and an impressive aromatics selectivity of 80.6%in hydrocarbons can be achieved at the conditions of 550℃and CO_(2)/C_(3)H_(8) of 4.^(13)CO_(2)isotope experiments illustrate that C-atoms of CO_(2) can enter into CO(86.5%)and aromatics(10.8%)during the propane-CO_(2) coupling reaction process.In situ XANES and FTIR spectroscopies at 550℃and H_(2)/C_(3)H_(8) atmosphere reveal that GaO_(x) species can be gradually dispersed into[GaH_(2)]^(+)/[GaH]^(2+)on the Bronsted acid sites of ZSM-5 zeolite during H_(2) and/or C_(3)H_(8) treatment,which are the real active sites for propane-CO_(2) coupling conversion.In situ CO_(2)-FTIR experiments demonstrate that the[GaH_(2)]^(+)/[GaH]^(2+)species can react with CO_(2) and accelerate the propane and CO_(2) coupling process.This work not only presents a cost-effective avenue for CO_(2) utilization,but also contributes to the active site design for improved alkane and CO_(2) activation in coupling reaction system.展开更多
Evolutionary algorithms(EAs)have been used in high utility itemset mining(HUIM)to address the problem of discover-ing high utility itemsets(HUIs)in the exponential search space.EAs have good running and mining perform...Evolutionary algorithms(EAs)have been used in high utility itemset mining(HUIM)to address the problem of discover-ing high utility itemsets(HUIs)in the exponential search space.EAs have good running and mining performance,but they still require huge computational resource and may miss many HUIs.Due to the good combination of EA and graphics processing unit(GPU),we propose a parallel genetic algorithm(GA)based on the platform of GPU for mining HUIM(PHUI-GA).The evolution steps with improvements are performed in central processing unit(CPU)and the CPU intensive steps are sent to GPU to eva-luate with multi-threaded processors.Experiments show that the mining performance of PHUI-GA outperforms the existing EAs.When mining 90%HUIs,the PHUI-GA is up to 188 times better than the existing EAs and up to 36 times better than the CPU parallel approach.展开更多
为获得对In0.53Ga0.47As/In P材料在电子束辐照下的光致发光谱变化规律,开展了1 Me V电子束辐照试验,注量为5×1012—9×1014cm-2.样品选取量子阱材料和体材料,在辐照前后,进行了光致发光谱测试,得到了不同结构In0.53Ga0.47As/I...为获得对In0.53Ga0.47As/In P材料在电子束辐照下的光致发光谱变化规律,开展了1 Me V电子束辐照试验,注量为5×1012—9×1014cm-2.样品选取量子阱材料和体材料,在辐照前后,进行了光致发光谱测试,得到了不同结构In0.53Ga0.47As/In P材料在1 Me V电子束辐照下的不同变化规律;对比分析了参数退化的物理机理.结果显示:试验样品的光致发光峰强度随着辐照剂量增大而显著退化.体材料最先出现快速退化,而五层量子阱在注量达到6×1014cm-2时,就已经退化至辐照前的9%.经分析认为原因有:1)电子束进入样品后,与材料晶格发生能量传递,破坏晶格完整性,致使产生的激子数量减少,光致发光强度降低;电子束辐照在材料中引入缺陷,增加了非辐射复合中心密度,导致载流子迁移率降低.2)量子阱的二维限制作用使载流子运动受限,从而能够降低载流子与非辐射复合中心的复合概率;敏感区域截面积相同条件下,体材料比量子阱材料辐射损伤更为严重.3)量子阱的层数越多,则异质结界面数越多,相应的产生的界面缺陷数量也随之增多,辐射损伤越严重.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42273016 and 41573007)a special fund managed by the State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry。
文摘Gallium isotope is a potential geochemical tool for understanding planetary processes,environmental pollution,and ore deposit formation.The reported Ga isotope compositions(δ^(71)Ga NIST994 values)of some international geological standards,such as BCR-2 and BHVO-2 basalts,exhibit inconsistencies between diff erent laboratories.During mass spectrometry analysis,we found thatδ^(71)Ga NIST994 values of geological standards with or without the correction of the interference of^(138)Ba^(2+)(mass/charge ratio=69)on 69 Ga show signifi cant isotope off sets,and thus effi cient separation of Ba and correcting the interference of^(138)Ba^(2+)are both crucial to obtain accurateδ^(71)Ga values.By comparingδ^(71)Ga NIST994 values(relative to NIST SRM 994 Ga)of the same geostandards from diff erent laboratories,we suggest that the isotopic heterogeneity from NIST SRM 994 Ga is one of the key reasons for the inconsistencies inδ^(71)Ga NIST994 values of BCR-2 and BHVO-2.To facilitate inter-laboratory comparisons,we measured the Ga isotopic compositions of 11 geological reference materials(including Pb-Zn ore,bauxite,igneous rocks,and loess)and two Ga solution standards(NIST SRM 3119a and Alfa Aesar).Theδ^(71)Ga NIST994 andδ^(71)Ga IPGP values of these reference materials vary from 1.12‰to 2.63‰and−0.13‰to 1.38‰,respectively,and can be used to evaluate the precision and accuracy of Ga isotope data from diff erent laboratories.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2022YFE0116000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22288101,21991092,21991090,22202193,and 22172166)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (2021182)the Innovation Research Foundation of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences (DICP I202429 and I202217)。
文摘Alkane coupling with CO_(2) by metal-containing zeolites catalysis is found to be a promising way to produce aromatics and syngas in recent years,but the real active sites and the role of CO_(2) are still unclear owing to the quick evolution of the metallic active sites and the complex reaction processes including direct propane aromatization,CO_(2) hydrogenation,reverse water-gas shift reaction,and propane-CO_(2) coupling aromatization.Herein,Ga/ZSM-5 catalysts were constructed to study the dynamic evolution of the metallic active sites and the role of CO_(2) during the propane and CO_(2) coupling reaction.After optimizing the reaction conditions,a notable propane conversion rate of 97.9%and an impressive aromatics selectivity of 80.6%in hydrocarbons can be achieved at the conditions of 550℃and CO_(2)/C_(3)H_(8) of 4.^(13)CO_(2)isotope experiments illustrate that C-atoms of CO_(2) can enter into CO(86.5%)and aromatics(10.8%)during the propane-CO_(2) coupling reaction process.In situ XANES and FTIR spectroscopies at 550℃and H_(2)/C_(3)H_(8) atmosphere reveal that GaO_(x) species can be gradually dispersed into[GaH_(2)]^(+)/[GaH]^(2+)on the Bronsted acid sites of ZSM-5 zeolite during H_(2) and/or C_(3)H_(8) treatment,which are the real active sites for propane-CO_(2) coupling conversion.In situ CO_(2)-FTIR experiments demonstrate that the[GaH_(2)]^(+)/[GaH]^(2+)species can react with CO_(2) and accelerate the propane and CO_(2) coupling process.This work not only presents a cost-effective avenue for CO_(2) utilization,but also contributes to the active site design for improved alkane and CO_(2) activation in coupling reaction system.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62073155,62002137,62106088,62206113)the High-End Foreign Expert Recruitment Plan(G2023144007L)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP221028).
文摘Evolutionary algorithms(EAs)have been used in high utility itemset mining(HUIM)to address the problem of discover-ing high utility itemsets(HUIs)in the exponential search space.EAs have good running and mining performance,but they still require huge computational resource and may miss many HUIs.Due to the good combination of EA and graphics processing unit(GPU),we propose a parallel genetic algorithm(GA)based on the platform of GPU for mining HUIM(PHUI-GA).The evolution steps with improvements are performed in central processing unit(CPU)and the CPU intensive steps are sent to GPU to eva-luate with multi-threaded processors.Experiments show that the mining performance of PHUI-GA outperforms the existing EAs.When mining 90%HUIs,the PHUI-GA is up to 188 times better than the existing EAs and up to 36 times better than the CPU parallel approach.
文摘为获得对In0.53Ga0.47As/In P材料在电子束辐照下的光致发光谱变化规律,开展了1 Me V电子束辐照试验,注量为5×1012—9×1014cm-2.样品选取量子阱材料和体材料,在辐照前后,进行了光致发光谱测试,得到了不同结构In0.53Ga0.47As/In P材料在1 Me V电子束辐照下的不同变化规律;对比分析了参数退化的物理机理.结果显示:试验样品的光致发光峰强度随着辐照剂量增大而显著退化.体材料最先出现快速退化,而五层量子阱在注量达到6×1014cm-2时,就已经退化至辐照前的9%.经分析认为原因有:1)电子束进入样品后,与材料晶格发生能量传递,破坏晶格完整性,致使产生的激子数量减少,光致发光强度降低;电子束辐照在材料中引入缺陷,增加了非辐射复合中心密度,导致载流子迁移率降低.2)量子阱的二维限制作用使载流子运动受限,从而能够降低载流子与非辐射复合中心的复合概率;敏感区域截面积相同条件下,体材料比量子阱材料辐射损伤更为严重.3)量子阱的层数越多,则异质结界面数越多,相应的产生的界面缺陷数量也随之增多,辐射损伤越严重.
