This paper is devoted to studying the generalized Chaplygin gas models in Bianchi type III space- time geometry with time varying bulk viscosity, cosmological and gravitational constants. We are considering the condit...This paper is devoted to studying the generalized Chaplygin gas models in Bianchi type III space- time geometry with time varying bulk viscosity, cosmological and gravitational constants. We are considering the condition on metric potential . Also to obtain deterministic models we have considered physically reasonable relations like , and the equation of state for generalized Chaplygin gas given by . A new set of exact solutions of Einstein’s field equations has been obtained in Eckart theory, truncated theory and full causal theory. Physical behaviour of the models has been discussed.展开更多
A novel sensor for detection of trace gallium ion [Ga（III）] was created by stepwise modification of a gold electrode with fl-cyclodextrin （β-CD）/multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） and an ion imprinted polym...A novel sensor for detection of trace gallium ion [Ga（III）] was created by stepwise modification of a gold electrode with fl-cyclodextrin （β-CD）/multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） and an ion imprinted polymer （IIP）. The sensor surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical performance of the imprinted sensor was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The sensor displayed excellent selectivity towards the target Ga（III） ion. Meanwhile, the introduced MWCNTs displayed noticeable catalytic activity, and fl：CD demonstrated significant enrichment capacity. A linear calibration curve was obtained covering the concentration range from 5.0 × 10 8 to 1.0 × 10-4 moloL-1, with a detection limit of 7.6× 10 9 mol·L-1. The proposed sensor was successfully applied to detect Ga（III） in real urine samples.展开更多
The application of Co（Ⅲ）/Al2O3 catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis（FTS）was studied in a wide range of synthesis gas conversions and compared with Fuzzy Simulation results.Present study applies fuzzy model to pr...The application of Co（Ⅲ）/Al2O3 catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis（FTS）was studied in a wide range of synthesis gas conversions and compared with Fuzzy Simulation results.Present study applies fuzzy model to predicting the product composition of CH4,CO2 and CO in Fischer-Tropsch process for natural gas synthesis,in which the input vector was 4-dimension including four variables（operating pressure, operating temperature,time and CO/H2 ratio）of 70 different experiments and the output product is a composition of CO2,CO and CH4. The Mamdani algorithm has been applied to the training of the fuzzy system and the test set was used to evaluate the performance of the system including R2,ARE,AARE and SD.The results demonstrated that the predicted values from the model were in good consistency with the experimental data.The work indicates how fuzzy inference system（FIS）,as a promising predicting technique,would be effectively used in FTS.展开更多
The maritime industry is currently facing the challenges of adopting new technologies and operational practices with stricter international, national and local rules in order to reduce exhaust gas emissions from ships...The maritime industry is currently facing the challenges of adopting new technologies and operational practices with stricter international, national and local rules in order to reduce exhaust gas emissions from ships. The most objective of regulations introduced and presented by the Worldwide Sea Organization such as International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is to lessen the commitment shipping makes to worldwide and local discharges. This paper analyzes emissions from marine engines and the process of waste exhaust gas formation and provides a summary of the emission reduction technologies to satisfy MARPOL NOx tier III and EPA tier IV rules. The results showed the possibility of achieving a valuable emission reduction percentage if future diesel engines are equipped with pre-treatment, internal-treatment and/or post-treatment techniques. Economics impact for medium and low speed for category 3 marine diesel engines is also presented.展开更多
文摘This paper is devoted to studying the generalized Chaplygin gas models in Bianchi type III space- time geometry with time varying bulk viscosity, cosmological and gravitational constants. We are considering the condition on metric potential . Also to obtain deterministic models we have considered physically reasonable relations like , and the equation of state for generalized Chaplygin gas given by . A new set of exact solutions of Einstein’s field equations has been obtained in Eckart theory, truncated theory and full causal theory. Physical behaviour of the models has been discussed.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 21005030）, the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department （No. 10A099） and the Graduate Innovation Foundation of Hunan Province, China （No. CX2010B394）.
文摘A novel sensor for detection of trace gallium ion [Ga（III）] was created by stepwise modification of a gold electrode with fl-cyclodextrin （β-CD）/multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） and an ion imprinted polymer （IIP）. The sensor surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical performance of the imprinted sensor was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The sensor displayed excellent selectivity towards the target Ga（III） ion. Meanwhile, the introduced MWCNTs displayed noticeable catalytic activity, and fl：CD demonstrated significant enrichment capacity. A linear calibration curve was obtained covering the concentration range from 5.0 × 10 8 to 1.0 × 10-4 moloL-1, with a detection limit of 7.6× 10 9 mol·L-1. The proposed sensor was successfully applied to detect Ga（III） in real urine samples.
文摘The application of Co（Ⅲ）/Al2O3 catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis（FTS）was studied in a wide range of synthesis gas conversions and compared with Fuzzy Simulation results.Present study applies fuzzy model to predicting the product composition of CH4,CO2 and CO in Fischer-Tropsch process for natural gas synthesis,in which the input vector was 4-dimension including four variables（operating pressure, operating temperature,time and CO/H2 ratio）of 70 different experiments and the output product is a composition of CO2,CO and CH4. The Mamdani algorithm has been applied to the training of the fuzzy system and the test set was used to evaluate the performance of the system including R2,ARE,AARE and SD.The results demonstrated that the predicted values from the model were in good consistency with the experimental data.The work indicates how fuzzy inference system（FIS）,as a promising predicting technique,would be effectively used in FTS.
文摘The maritime industry is currently facing the challenges of adopting new technologies and operational practices with stricter international, national and local rules in order to reduce exhaust gas emissions from ships. The most objective of regulations introduced and presented by the Worldwide Sea Organization such as International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is to lessen the commitment shipping makes to worldwide and local discharges. This paper analyzes emissions from marine engines and the process of waste exhaust gas formation and provides a summary of the emission reduction technologies to satisfy MARPOL NOx tier III and EPA tier IV rules. The results showed the possibility of achieving a valuable emission reduction percentage if future diesel engines are equipped with pre-treatment, internal-treatment and/or post-treatment techniques. Economics impact for medium and low speed for category 3 marine diesel engines is also presented.
