重离子辐射对AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管低频噪声特性的影响

采用^(181)Ta^(32+)重离子辐射AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管,获得器件在重离子辐射前后的电学特性和低频噪声特性.重离子辐射导致器件的阈值电压正向漂移、最大饱和电流减小等电学参数的退化.微光显微测试发现辐射后器件热点数量明显增加,引入更多缺陷.随着辐射注量的增加,电流噪声功率谱密度逐渐增大,在注量为1×10^(10)ions/cm^(2)重离子辐射后,缺陷密度增大到3.19×10^(18)cm^(-3)·eV^(-1),不同栅压下的Hooge参数增大.通过漏极电流噪声归一化功率谱密度随偏置电压的变化分析,发现重离子辐射产生的缺陷会导致寄生串联电阻增大.

一种抑制栅极正负向串扰的GaN HEMT无源驱动电路

GaN器件由于其更快的开关速度,比硅器件更容易发生严重的开关振荡,也更容易受到栅源电压振荡的影响。为了抑制GaN基半桥结构中的串扰,提出了一种抑制GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)栅极正负向串扰的无源钳位驱动电路来抑制栅源电压振荡。采用基本无源元件建立自举驱动回路,并增加三极管以构成从驱动电路到GaN HEMT的低阻抗米勒电流路径,抑制正负向串扰。在LTspice软件下进行电路模拟仿真,并搭建实验平台进行实测验证,结果表明栅源电压的最大正向串扰可降至1.2 V,最大负向串扰可降至1.6 V,漏源电流的正向和负向串扰均降至2 A以下,证明该电路对栅源电压以及漏源电流的振荡均有良好的抑制效果。

一种L波段300W GaN脉冲功率模块

随着第三代半导体GaN器件技术的不断发展,GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)在电子系统中逐步得到了广泛应用。研制了一款小型化L波段300 W GaN脉冲功率模块。研发了满足高压脉冲工作条件的GaN HEMT芯片,采用负载牵引技术进行了器件大信号阻抗参数提取,并以此为基础设计了小型化匹配网络进行阻抗变换。基于高压驱动芯片和开关器件芯片设计了小型化高压脉冲调制电路。测试结果表明,在工作频率990~1130 MHz、工作电压50 V、脉冲宽度100μs、占空比10%下,功率模块脉冲输出功率大于300 W,功率附加效率大于53%,功率增益大于38 dB。功率模块尺寸为30 mm×30 mm×8 mm。

具有自驱动有源缓冲器的GaN基高效准谐振反激式功率变换器

提出了一种具有自驱动有源缓冲器的GaN基高效准谐振(QR)反激式功率变换器,以解决准谐振反激式功率变换器中开关管关断时电压过高的问题。电路以GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)器件为主开关管和同步整流器开关管,自驱动有源缓冲器由钳位电容和有源开关管组成。该变换器在主开关管关断期间将开关管的电压浪涌钳位为恒定电压,由于有源开关管驱动信号由变压器的次级侧电流控制,因此不需要单独的控制电路。为验证所提出的变换器和控制电路的有效性,搭建了一个60 W的AC-DC功率变换器,测试结果表明,主开关管的最大电压浪涌约为450 V,具有高达91.6%的能量转换效率。

High-performance vertical GaN field-effect transistor with an integrated self-adapted channel diode for reverse conduction

A vertical GaN field-effect transistor with an integrated self-adapted channel diode(CD-FET)is proposed to improve the reverse conduction performance.It features a channel diode(CD)formed between a trench source on the insulator and a P-type barrier layer(PBL),together with a P-shield layer under the trench gate.At forward conduction,the CD is pinched off due to depletion effects caused by both the PBL and the metal-insulator-semiconductor structure from the trench source,without influencing the on-state characteristic of the CD-FET.At reverse conduction,the depletion region narrows and thus the CD turns on to achieve a very low turn-on voltage(V_(F)),preventing the inherent body diode from turning on.Meanwhile,the PBL and P-shield layer can modulate the electric field distribution to improve the off-state breakdown voltage(BV).Moreover,the P-shield not only shields the gate from a high electric field but also transforms part of C_(GD)to CGS so as to significantly reduce the gate charge(Q_(GD)),leading to a low switching loss(E_(switch)).Consequently,the proposed CD-FET achieves a low V_(F)of 1.65 V and a high BV of 1446 V,and V_(F),Q_(GD)and E_(switch)of the CD-FET are decreased by 49%,55%and 80%,respectively,compared with those of a conventional metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET).

0.2~2.0GHz100W超宽带GaN功率放大器

设计并实现了一款基于0.25μm GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)工艺的100 W超宽带功率放大器。基于SiC无源工艺设计了集成无源器件(IPD)输入预匹配电路芯片;设计了基于陶瓷基片的T型集成输出预匹配电路;基于建立的传输线变压器(TLT)的精确模型,设计了宽带阻抗变换器,在超宽频带内将50Ω的端口阻抗变换至约12.5Ω,再通过多节微带电路与预匹配后的GaN HEMT芯片实现阻抗匹配。最终,以较小的电路尺寸实现了功率放大器的超宽带性能指标。测试结果表明,功率放大器在0.2~2.0 GHz频带内,在漏极电压36 V、输入功率9 W、连续波的工作条件下,输出功率大于103 W,漏极效率大于50%,输入电压驻波比(VSWR)≤2.5。

A novel small-signal equivalent circuit model for GaN HEMTs incorporating a dual-field-plate

An accurate and novel small-signal equivalent circuit model for GaN high-electron-mobility transistors(HEMTs)is proposed,which considers a dual-field-plate(FP)made up of a gate-FP and a source-FP.The equivalent circuit of the overall model is composed of parasitic elements,intrinsic transistors,gate-FP,and source-FP networks.The equivalent circuit of the gate-FP is identical to that of the intrinsic transistor.In order to simplify the complexity of the model,a series combination of a resistor and a capacitor is employed to represent the source-FP.The analytical extraction procedure of the model parameters is presented based on the proposed equivalent circuit.The verification is carried out on a 4×250μm GaN HEMT device with a gate-FP and a source-FP in a 0.45μm technology.Compared with the classic model,the proposed novel small-signal model shows closer agreement with measured S-parameters in the range of 1.0 to 18.0 GHz.

GaN基高电子迁移率晶体管器件的可靠性及退化机制研究进展

GaN基高电子迁移率晶体管(high electron mobility transistor,HEMT)器件在航天、通讯、雷达、电动汽车等领域具有广泛的应用,近年来成为电力电子器件的研究热点。在实际应用中,GaN基HEMT器件随着使用时间的延长会发生退化甚至失效的情况,器件的可靠性问题仍是进一步提高HEMT器件应用的绊脚石。因此,研究器件的可靠性及退化机制对于进一步优化器件性能具有极其重要的意义。将从影响器件可靠性的几个关键因素如高电场应力、高温存储、高温电场和重离子辐照等进行阐述,主要对近几年文献里报道的几种失效机制及相应的失效现象进行了综述和总结,最后讨论了进一步优化器件可靠性的措施,对进一步提高HEMT器件的应用起促进作用。

基于建模数据和最优化算法的GaN HEMT精确电热行为建模方法

为了实现对氮化镓高电子迁移率晶体管GaN HEMT(gallium nitride high electron mobility transistor)高速开关带来的开通过压、误导通、开关振荡和EMI噪声等问题展开定量的仿真分析,提出了一种基于建模数据和最优化算法的门极增强型GaN HEMT电热行为模型建模方法。相比较于常规GaN HEMT行为模型,所提出的建模方法采用2个简单的建模公式实现了对GaN HEMT在第一和第三象限宽工作温度范围内的电热特性进行准确的建模。同时采用一个紧凑的建模公式实现对GaN HEMT非线性寄生电容的精确建模。此外,提出了一种遗传算法和Levenberg-Marquardt算法组合的优化算法,基于该优化算法和建模数据实现了对建模参数的快速提取,在较大程度上减小了建模时间和工作量。仿真表明,所提出的建模方法能够实现对不同公司多个型号的GaN HEMT器件展开精确的建模。最后通过吻合的动态仿真和实验数据验证了所提建模方法的正确性和有效性。

用于GaN基HEMT栅极金属TiN的ICP刻蚀工艺

GaN基高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)在射频(RF)通信及新能源汽车领域有着巨大的应用潜力。TiN材料因其良好的热稳定性、化学稳定性及工艺兼容性,可用作GaN基HEMT的栅极材料。采用ULVAC公司生产的NE-550型电感耦合等离子体(ICP)刻蚀设备对TiN材料进行了干法刻蚀工艺的研究。采用光刻胶作为刻蚀掩膜,Cl_(2)和BCl_(3)混合气体作为工艺气体,通过调整工艺参数,研究了ICP源功率、射频(RF)偏压功率、腔体压力、气体体积流量以及载台温度对TiN刻蚀速率和侧壁角度的影响。最后通过优化工艺参数,得到了TiN刻蚀速率为333 nm/min,底部平整且侧壁角度为81°的栅极结构。

基于GaN器件的单相逆变器TCM控制策略研究

氮化镓(GaN)高电子迁移率晶体管具有开关速度快、器件损耗小的优点,在高频应用场合得到广泛应用。为了进一步提高变换器效率和功率密度,将三角电流模式(TCM)调制用于基于GaN器件的单相逆变器中,通过控制负向电流与死区时间实现了全范围零电压开关(ZVS),达到提高变换器效率和功率密度的目的。搭建了1台样机进行验证,实验结果表明,TCM调制在不同负载条件下均可实现软开关,最大开关频率可达300 kHz,峰值效率可达98.5%。

基于GaN器件的有源箝位双向反激变换器设计

文章针对氮化镓(Gallium Nitride,GaN)功率晶体管在双向DC-DC变换器中的应用进行设计。近年来,第三代宽禁带功率半导体器件GaN凭借其体积小、高频、高效率等优势,在电力电子应用中得到了广泛的关注。为实现双向DC-DC变换器在便携式小功率应用场景下的能量双向高效传输,设计了一种基于GaN器件的有源箝位双向反激变换器并对其性能进行了验证。详细地介绍和分析了变换器的工作原理、开关模态以及软开关实现条件,并对主电路参数进行设计。采用LTspice软件搭建仿真模型,仿真结果验证了该变换器在小功率应用下可实现开关管软开关性能。最后,设计了一个20 W的实验样机验证了所设计拓扑的准确性和有效性,结果表明该变换器较传统Si MOSFET器件具有更高的转换效率。

低成本Si基GaN微电子学的新进展

进入21世纪后,宽禁带半导体GaN微电子学发展迅速,SiC基GaN微电子学已成为微波电子学的发展主流,且正在向更高频率和更高功率密度的新一代GaN微波功率器件发展。为了降低成本,Si基GaN微电子学应运而生,在5G通信、电动汽车等绿色能源应用发展的带动下,Si基GaN微电子学已进入产业化快速发展阶段。介绍了Si基GaN微电子学在射频Si基GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)新器件结构、工艺与可靠性,Si基GaN HEMT单片微波集成电路(MMIC),Si基E模功率GaN HEMT结构设计,大尺寸Si基GaN HEMT工艺,Si基GaN功率开关器件的可靠性,Si基GaN功率变换器的单片集成和高频开关Si基GaN器件的应用创新等工程化、产业化方面的最新技术进展。分析和评价了低成本Si基GaN微电子学工程化和产业化的发展态势。

低成本Si基GaN微电子学的新进展(续)

进入21世纪后,宽禁带半导体GaN微电子学发展迅速,SiC基GaN微电子学已成为微波电子学的发展主流,且正在向更高频率和更高功率密度的新一代GaN微波功率器件发展。为了降低成本,Si基GaN微电子学应运而生,在5G通信、电动汽车等绿色能源应用发展的带动下,Si基GaN微电子学已进入产业化快速发展阶段。介绍了Si基GaN微电子学在射频Si基GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)新器件结构、工艺与可靠性,Si基GaN HEMT单片微波集成电路(MMIC),Si基E模功率GaN HEMT结构设计,大尺寸Si基GaN HEMT工艺,Si基GaN功率开关器件的可靠性,Si基GaN功率变换器的单片集成和高频开关Si基GaN器件的应用创新等工程化、产业化方面的最新技术进展。分析和评价了低成本Si基GaN微电子学工程化和产业化的发展态势。

P-GaN栅结构GaN基HEMT器件研究进展

增强型氮化镓(GaN)基高电子迁移率晶体管(high electron mobility transistor,HEMT)是高频高功率器件与开关器件领域的研究热点,P-GaN栅技术因具备制备工艺简单、可控且工艺重复性好等优势而成为目前最常用且唯一实现商用的GaN基增强型器件制备方法。首先,概述了当前制约P-GaN栅结构GaN基HEMT器件发展的首要问题,从器件结构与器件制备工艺这2个角度,综述了其性能优化举措方面的最新研究进展。然后,通过对研究进展的分析,总结了当前研究工作面临的挑战以及解决方法。最后,对未来的发展前景、发展方向进行了展望。

High-Frequency AlGaN/GaN High-Electron-Mobility Transistors with Regrown Ohmic Contacts by Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition

Nonalloyed ohmic contacts regrown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition are performed on AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors. Low ohmic contact resistance of 0.15Ω.mm is obtained. It is found that the sidewall obliquity near the regrown interface induced by the plasma dry etching has great influence on the total contact resistance. The fabricated device with a 100-nm T-shaped gate demonstrates a maximum drain current density of 0.95 A/mm at Vgs = 1 V and a maximum peak extrinsic transcondutance Gm of 216mS/ram. Moreover, a current gain cut-off frequency fT of 115 GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency fmax of 127 GHz are achieved.

High-electric-field-stress-induced degradation of SiN passivated AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors （HEMTs） are fabricated by employing SiN passivation, this paper investigates the degradation due to the high-electric-field stress. After the stress, a recoverable degradation has been found, consisting of the decrease of saturation drain current IDsat, maximal transconductance gm, and the positive shift of threshold voltage VTH at high drain-source voltage VDS. The high-electric-field stress degrades the electric characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs because the high field increases the electron trapping at the surface and in AlGaN barrier layer. The SiN passivation of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs decreases the surface trapping and 2DEC depletion a little during the high-electric-field stress. After the hot carrier stress with VDS = 20 V and VGS= 0 V applied to the device for 104 sec, the SiN passivation decreases the stress-induced degradation of IDsat from 36% to 30%. Both on-state and pulse-state stresses produce comparative decrease of IDsat, which shows that although the passivation is effective in suppressing electron trapping in surface states, it does not protect the device from high-electric-field degradation in nature. So passivation in conjunction with other technological solutions like cap layer, prepassivation surface treatments, or field-plate gate to weaken high-electric-field degradation should be adopted.

Novel model of a AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor based on an artificial neural network

In this paper we present a novel approach to modeling AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor （HEMT） with an artificial neural network （ANN）. The AlGaN/GaN HEMT device structure and its fabrication process are described. The circuit-based Neuro-space mapping （neuro-SM） technique is studied in detail. The EEHEMT model is implemented according to the measurement results of the designed device, which serves as a coarse model. An ANN is proposed to model AIGaN/CaN HEMT based on the coarse model. Its optimization is performed. The simulation results from the model are compared with the measurement results. It is shown that the simulation results obtained from the ANN model of A1GaN/GaN HEMT are more accurate than those obtained from the EEHEMT model.

Influence of a drain field plate on the forward blocking characteristics of an AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor

In this paper, the influence of a drain field plate （FP） on the forward blocking characteristics of an AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor （HEMT） is investigated. The HEMT with only a gate FP is optimized, and breakdown voltage VBR is saturated at 1085 V for gate–drain spacing LGD ≥ 8 μm. On the basis of the HEMT with a gate FP, a drain FP is added with LGD=10 μm. For the length of the drain FP LDF ≤ 2 μm, VBR is almost kept at 1085 V, showing no degradation. When LDF exceeds 2 μm, VBR decreases obviously as LDF increases. Moreover, the larger the LDF, the larger the decrease of VBR. It is concluded that the distance between the gate edge and the drain FP edge should be larger than a certain value to prevent the drain FP from affecting the forward blocking voltage and the value should be equal to the LGD at which VBR begins to saturate in the first structure. The electric field and potential distribution are simulated and analyzed to account for the decrease of VBR.

Trap states induced by reactive ion etching in AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors

Frequency-dependent conductance measurements were carried out to investigate the trap states induced by reactive ion etching in A1GaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors （HEMTs） quantitatively. For the non-recessed HEMT, the trap state density decreases from 2.48 × 1013 cm-2.eV-1 at an energy of 0.29 eV to 2.79 × 1012 cm-2.eV-1 at ET = 0.33 eV. In contrast, the trap state density of 2.38 × 1013-1.10× 1014 cm-2.eV-1 is located at ET in a range of 0.30-0.33 eV for the recessed HEMT. Thus, lots of trap states with shallow energy levels are induced by the gate recess etching. The induced shallow trap states can be changed into deep trap states by 350 ℃ annealing process. As a result, there are two different types of trap sates, fast and slow, in the annealed HEMT. The parameters of the annealed HEMT are ET = 0.29-0.31 eV and DT = 8.16× 1012-5.58 × 1013 cm-2.eV-1 for the fast trap states, and ET = 0.37-0.45 eV and DT = 1.84×1013- 8.50 × 1013 cm-2.eV-1 for the slow trap states. The gate leakage currents are changed by the etching and following annealing process, and this change can be explained by the analysis of the trap states.