Medical therapy for clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)has advanced significantly in the last 2 decades.Many new a1 antagonists and 5a reductase inhibitors(5ARi)are now commercially available.The practicing uro...Medical therapy for clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)has advanced significantly in the last 2 decades.Many new a1 antagonists and 5a reductase inhibitors(5ARi)are now commercially available.The practicing urologist must decide on the most appropriate medication for his patients,taking into consideration various factors like efficacy,dosing regime,adverse effects,cost,patient’s socioeconomic background,expectations,drug availability and his own clinical experience.The use of combination therapy added further to the complexity in clinical judgment when prescribing.We highlight some of the key points in prescribing a1 antagonists,5ARi and their combination,based on our viewpoints and experience as urologists in an Asian clinical setting.展开更多
多种研究表明,基质金属蛋白酶-3(matrix metalloproteinase,MMP-3)的高表达在类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)滑膜、软骨和软骨下骨的细胞外间质的降解中充当重要角色。金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂-1(tissue inhibitors of metalloprot...多种研究表明,基质金属蛋白酶-3(matrix metalloproteinase,MMP-3)的高表达在类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)滑膜、软骨和软骨下骨的细胞外间质的降解中充当重要角色。金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂-1(tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase1,TIMP-1)与MMP-3特异结合,抑制MMP-3的活性,MMP-3/TIMP-1平衡对RA的临床结局有着重要作用。新的研究发现,抑制Th17细胞分化,维持Treg细胞(regulatory T cell)活性,调节Th17/Treg平衡,可为治疗RA提供新的作用靶点。进一步研究发现,RA早期患者外周血MMP-3与白介素17(Interleukin17,IL-17)表达明显升高,两者呈正相关,Treg的下降可影响MMP-3/TIMP-1的平衡。本文将对MMP-3/TIMP-1和Th17/Treg在RA中的作用机制及其临床意义作一综述。展开更多
Specificity protein(Sp)transcription factors(TFs)Sp1,Sp3 and Sp4,and the orphan nuclear receptor 4A1(NR4A1)are highly expressed in pancreatic tumors and Sp1 is a negative prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer patien...Specificity protein(Sp)transcription factors(TFs)Sp1,Sp3 and Sp4,and the orphan nuclear receptor 4A1(NR4A1)are highly expressed in pancreatic tumors and Sp1 is a negative prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer patient survival.Results of knockdown and overexpression of Sp1,Sp3 and Sp4 in pancreatic and other cancer lines show that these TFs are individually pro-oncogenic factors and loss of one Sp TF is not compensated by other members.NR4A1 is also a prooncogenic factor and both NR4A1 and Sp TFs exhibit similar functions in pancreatic cancer cells and regulate cell growth,survival,migration and invasion.There is also evidence that Sp TFs and NR4A1 regulate some of the same genes including survivin,epidermal growth factor receptor,PAX3-FOXO1,α5-andα6-integrins,β1-,β3-andβ4-integrins;this is due to NR4A1 acting as a cofactor and mediating NR4A1/Sp1/4-regulated gene expression through GC-rich gene promoter sites.Several studies show that drugs targeting Sp downregulation or NR4A1 antagonists are highly effective inhibitors of Sp/NR4A1-regulated pathways and genes in pancreatic and other cancer cells,and the triterpenoid celastrol is a novel dual-acting agent that targets both Sp TFs and NR4A1.展开更多
文摘Medical therapy for clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)has advanced significantly in the last 2 decades.Many new a1 antagonists and 5a reductase inhibitors(5ARi)are now commercially available.The practicing urologist must decide on the most appropriate medication for his patients,taking into consideration various factors like efficacy,dosing regime,adverse effects,cost,patient’s socioeconomic background,expectations,drug availability and his own clinical experience.The use of combination therapy added further to the complexity in clinical judgment when prescribing.We highlight some of the key points in prescribing a1 antagonists,5ARi and their combination,based on our viewpoints and experience as urologists in an Asian clinical setting.
文摘多种研究表明,基质金属蛋白酶-3(matrix metalloproteinase,MMP-3)的高表达在类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)滑膜、软骨和软骨下骨的细胞外间质的降解中充当重要角色。金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂-1(tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase1,TIMP-1)与MMP-3特异结合,抑制MMP-3的活性,MMP-3/TIMP-1平衡对RA的临床结局有着重要作用。新的研究发现,抑制Th17细胞分化,维持Treg细胞(regulatory T cell)活性,调节Th17/Treg平衡,可为治疗RA提供新的作用靶点。进一步研究发现,RA早期患者外周血MMP-3与白介素17(Interleukin17,IL-17)表达明显升高,两者呈正相关,Treg的下降可影响MMP-3/TIMP-1的平衡。本文将对MMP-3/TIMP-1和Th17/Treg在RA中的作用机制及其临床意义作一综述。
基金Supported by Houston Methodist Cancer Center Innovation Award。
文摘Specificity protein(Sp)transcription factors(TFs)Sp1,Sp3 and Sp4,and the orphan nuclear receptor 4A1(NR4A1)are highly expressed in pancreatic tumors and Sp1 is a negative prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer patient survival.Results of knockdown and overexpression of Sp1,Sp3 and Sp4 in pancreatic and other cancer lines show that these TFs are individually pro-oncogenic factors and loss of one Sp TF is not compensated by other members.NR4A1 is also a prooncogenic factor and both NR4A1 and Sp TFs exhibit similar functions in pancreatic cancer cells and regulate cell growth,survival,migration and invasion.There is also evidence that Sp TFs and NR4A1 regulate some of the same genes including survivin,epidermal growth factor receptor,PAX3-FOXO1,α5-andα6-integrins,β1-,β3-andβ4-integrins;this is due to NR4A1 acting as a cofactor and mediating NR4A1/Sp1/4-regulated gene expression through GC-rich gene promoter sites.Several studies show that drugs targeting Sp downregulation or NR4A1 antagonists are highly effective inhibitors of Sp/NR4A1-regulated pathways and genes in pancreatic and other cancer cells,and the triterpenoid celastrol is a novel dual-acting agent that targets both Sp TFs and NR4A1.
