通信限制下多DG接入配网的新型电流差动保护

差动保护是解决分布式电源(distributed generation, DG)接入下配电网保护难题的有效手段,然而配网现有通信建设水平很大程度上制约了差动保护的构建。首先,融合电流相位与相量差动保护思想,同时将电流相位信息进行变换,实现通信信息降容。应用递推最小二乘法实现短路电流相位参数的快速估计,提出了短路电流相位修正策略,以应对CT饱和与直流分量对保护的干扰。最后,提出适用于含多DG配网的新型电流差动保护构建原则与保护判据。基于PSACD/EMTDC平台搭建仿真模型,验证了所提出的电流相位参数预测方法的精度与新型差动保护的性能。算例结果表明:所提电流相位参数预测方法速度快、精度高,具有良好的抗CT饱和能力;所提新型差动保护原理具有良好的性能。

一种基于局部间断Galerkin方法的IC互连线电容提取策略

求解椭圆方程的局部间断Galerkin(LDG)方法具有精度高、并行效率高的优点,且能适用于各种网格。文章提出采用LDG方法来求解IC版图中电势分布函数满足的Laplace方程,从而给出了一个提取互连线电容的新方法。该问题的求解区域需要在矩形区域内部去掉数量不等的导体区域,在这种特殊的计算区域上,通过数值测试验证了LDG方法能达到理论的收敛阶。随着芯片制造工艺的发展,导体尺寸和间距也越来越小,给数值模拟带来新的问题。文章采用倍增网格剖分方法,大幅减小了计算单元数。对包含不同数量和形状导体的七个电路版图,用新方法提取互连线电容,得到的结果与商业工具给出的结果非常接近,表明了新方法的有效性。

基于Galerkin截断的薄膜-床面耦合振动响应分析

将废塑料薄膜进行分选回收是目前最为高效节能的塑料垃圾处理方式,废旧塑料薄膜及床面的振动会直接影响分选的效率。提出了将薄膜模型和床面模型结合建立薄膜-床面耦合系统动力学模型的方法。并通过受力分析,利用Galerkin截断将床面的变形表达为模态函数的线性组合,建立了薄膜-床面非线性耦合振动微分方程。研究了不同截断阶数对薄膜-床面耦合非线性振动动态响应的影响,确定了保证薄膜-床面耦合系统振动收敛性的Galerkin截断阶数。通过床面位移响应对此方法进行了验证和对比,结果表明Galerkin截断法适用于求解耦合系统振动分析,且计算速度较快。

基于高阶DG方法的非定常流场声辐射特性数值模拟研究

随着航空噪声越来越受到关注,计算声传播的算法成为研究热点。高阶间断伽辽金(Discontinuous Galerkin,DG)方法具有高精度、对网格质量要求低、适合自适应和并行计算等优点,可以以较高的效率对声场进行计算。文章运用高阶DG方法对线性化欧拉方程(Linearized Euler Equations,LEE)进行空间离散,并且基于离散后的线性化欧拉方程对带有背景流场的NACA0012翼型和30P30N多段翼型的声场进行数值计算。采用有限体积法计算得出流场信息后,通过插值将流场数据导入声场网格,并运用高阶DG方法进行声场计算。计算结果与参考文献中FW-H(Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings)算法对比一致性较好,验证了高阶DG算法的可行性。

基于DGS的切比雪夫低通滤波器设计

为了抑制微波传输系统中的高次谐波以及杂散信号,采用DGS(缺陷地结构)来设计低通滤波器。通过在经典的五阶切比雪夫低通滤波器的接地面上蚀刻多个哑铃型DGS结构,获得了较好的通带和阻带性能。仿真及测试结果显示,采用DGS结构设计的低通滤波器,其通带截止频率为1.4 GHz,0~1.4 GHz通带内回波损耗值优于-20 dB且插入损耗值小于0.5 dB,阻带范围为2~10 GHz。经实物加工测试分析表明,实测结果与仿真结果吻合较好。设计的DGS结构低通滤波器在无线通信系统中具有一定的应用前景。

基于DGS的紧凑型低通滤波器

文中提出一种基于缺陷地结构的新型低通滤波器。其由位于微带结构顶部的加宽微带线、位于接地层中的经典哑铃型缺陷地结构(DGS)和蛇形缝隙缺陷地结构(DGS)组成,结构设计紧凑,容易调整。文中选用0.01 dB等波纹的切比雪夫型低通滤波器,分别采用哑铃型DGS、蛇形缝隙DGS替换LPF原型电路中的电感,加宽微带线替换并联电容,同时将加宽微带线产生的寄生电感考虑进去。哑铃型DGS产生的高频衰减点加宽阻带,蛇形缝隙DGS提供的低频衰减点使得通带到阻带陡峭过渡。实验结果表明,所设计的截止频率为2.54 GHz的低通滤波器具有明显的截止频率响应,通带内插损均在0.9dB以下,阻带抑制均在21dB以下。经实物加工测试验证,所设计的低通滤波器实际结果与仿真结果基本一致,具有可行性。

棉花黄萎病生防菌筛选鉴定及根瘤菌DG3-1对棉花生长的影响

本研究旨在发掘南疆棉花内生菌种质资源来防治棉花黄萎病,探究根瘤菌对棉花生长的影响。采用常规组织分离法分离棉花不同组织内生细菌;平板对峙法筛选拮抗棉花黄萎病菌的内生菌,并对其进行分子鉴定;通过盆栽试验研究根瘤菌对棉花生长的影响。结果显示,棉花不同组织内生细菌的数量具有一定差异,根部最多,其次是叶和茎;在分离获得的31株内生菌中,有11株对棉花黄萎病菌具有拮抗活性,抑菌率在35.99%~68.28%之间,经鉴定,9株为芽孢杆菌,2株为根瘤菌,其中,根瘤菌DG3-1对棉花黄萎病菌的抑制率为(56.63±1.82)%;盆栽试验结果表明,菌株DG3-1处理后棉株的地上鲜重、地上干重、地下鲜重、地下干重、叶绿素含量分别比对照增加2.12、2.09、1.05、0.75、1.75倍。菌株DG3-1对棉花黄萎病菌有较好的抑制作用,并且对棉花的生长有一定的促生作用,是防治棉花黄萎病的潜力菌株,可为微生物菌剂的研发提供菌种资源。

间断Galerkin有限元隐式算法GPU并行化研究

为了提高间断伽辽金(discontinuous Galerkin,DG)有限元方法的计算效率,围绕求解Euler方程,构建了基于图形处理器(graphics processing unit,GPU)并行加速的隐式DG算法。算法结合Roe格式进行空间离散,采用人工黏性法处理激波等间断问题,时间推进选用下上对称高斯-赛德尔(lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel,LU-SGS)隐式格式。为了克服传统隐式格式固有的数据关联依赖问题,借助于本文提出的面向任意网格的单元着色分组技术,先给出了LUSGS隐式格式的并行化改造,使得隐式时间推进能按颜色组别依次并行,由于同一颜色组内算法已不存在数据关联,可以据此实现并行化。在此基础上,再结合DG算法局部紧致等特点,基于统一计算设备架构(compute unified device architecture,CUDA)编程模型,设计了依据单元的核函数,并构建了对应的线程与数据结构,给出了DG有限元隐式GPU并行算法。最后,发展的算法通过了多个二维和三维典型流动算例考核与性能测试,展示出隐式算法GPU加速的效果,且获得的计算结果能与现有的文献或实验数据接近。

Bound-Preserving Discontinuous Galerkin Methods with Modified Patankar Time Integrations for Chemical Reacting Flows

In this paper,we develop bound-preserving discontinuous Galerkin(DG)methods for chemical reactive flows.There are several difficulties in constructing suitable numerical schemes.First of all,the density and internal energy are positive,and the mass fraction of each species is between 0 and 1.Second,due to the rapid reaction rate,the system may contain stiff sources,and the strong-stability-preserving explicit Runge-Kutta method may result in limited time-step sizes.To obtain physically relevant numerical approximations,we apply the bound-preserving technique to the DG methods.Though traditional positivity-preserving techniques can successfully yield positive density,internal energy,and mass fractions,they may not enforce the upper bound 1 of the mass fractions.To solve this problem,we need to(i)make sure the numerical fluxes in the equations of the mass fractions are consistent with that in the equation of the density;(ii)choose conservative time integrations,such that the summation of the mass fractions is preserved.With the above two conditions,the positive mass fractions have summation 1,and then,they are all between 0 and 1.For time discretization,we apply the modified Runge-Kutta/multi-step Patankar methods,which are explicit for the flux while implicit for the source.Such methods can handle stiff sources with relatively large time steps,preserve the positivity of the target variables,and keep the summation of the mass fractions to be 1.Finally,it is not straightforward to combine the bound-preserving DG methods and the Patankar time integrations.The positivity-preserving technique for DG methods requires positive numerical approximations at the cell interfaces,while Patankar methods can keep the positivity of the pre-selected point values of the target variables.To match the degree of freedom,we use polynomials on rectangular meshes for problems in two space dimensions.To evolve in time,we first read the polynomials at the Gaussian points.Then,suitable slope limiters can be applied to enforce the positivity of the solutions at those points,which can be preserved by the Patankar methods,leading to positive updated numerical cell averages.In addition,we use another slope limiter to get positive solutions used for the bound-preserving technique for the flux.Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the good performance of the proposed schemes.

A Provable Positivity-Preserving Local Discontinuous Galerkin Method for the Viscous and Resistive MHD Equations

In this paper,we construct a high-order discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method which can preserve the positivity of the density and the pressure for the viscous and resistive magnetohydrodynamics(VRMHD).To control the divergence error in the magnetic field,both the local divergence-free basis and the Godunov source term would be employed for the multi-dimensional VRMHD.Rigorous theoretical analyses are presented for one-dimensional and multi-dimensional DG schemes,respectively,showing that the scheme can maintain the positivity-preserving(PP)property under some CFL conditions when combined with the strong-stability-preserving time discretization.Then,general frameworks are established to construct the PP limiter for arbitrary order of accuracy DG schemes.Numerical tests demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.

Numerical Investigations on the Resonance Errors of Multiscale Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for One-Dimensional Stationary Schrödinger Equation

In this paper,numerical experiments are carried out to investigate the impact of penalty parameters in the numerical traces on the resonance errors of high-order multiscale discontinuous Galerkin(DG)methods(Dong et al.in J Sci Comput 66:321–345,2016;Dong and Wang in J Comput Appl Math 380:1–11,2020)for a one-dimensional stationary Schrödinger equation.Previous work showed that penalty parameters were required to be positive in error analysis,but the methods with zero penalty parameters worked fine in numerical simulations on coarse meshes.In this work,by performing extensive numerical experiments,we discover that zero penalty parameters lead to resonance errors in the multiscale DG methods,and taking positive penalty parameters can effectively reduce resonance errors and make the matrix in the global linear system have better condition numbers.

A Local Macroscopic Conservative(LoMaC)Low Rank Tensor Method with the Discontinuous Galerkin Method for the Vlasov Dynamics

In this paper,we propose a novel Local Macroscopic Conservative(LoMaC)low rank tensor method with discontinuous Galerkin(DG)discretization for the physical and phase spaces for simulating the Vlasov-Poisson(VP)system.The LoMaC property refers to the exact local conservation of macroscopic mass,momentum,and energy at the discrete level.The recently developed LoMaC low rank tensor algorithm(arXiv:2207.00518)simultaneously evolves the macroscopic conservation laws of mass,momentum,and energy using the kinetic flux vector splitting;then the LoMaC property is realized by projecting the low rank kinetic solution onto a subspace that shares the same macroscopic observables.This paper is a generalization of our previous work,but with DG discretization to take advantage of its compactness and flexibility in handling boundary conditions and its superior accuracy in the long term.The algorithm is developed in a similar fashion as that for a finite difference scheme,by observing that the DG method can be viewed equivalently in a nodal fashion.With the nodal DG method,assuming a tensorized computational grid,one will be able to(i)derive differentiation matrices for different nodal points based on a DG upwind discretization of transport terms,and(ii)define a weighted inner product space based on the nodal DG grid points.The algorithm can be extended to the high dimensional problems by hierarchical Tucker(HT)decomposition of solution tensors and a corresponding conservative projection algorithm.In a similar spirit,the algorithm can be extended to DG methods on nodal points of an unstructured mesh,or to other types of discretization,e.g.,the spectral method in velocity direction.Extensive numerical results are performed to showcase the efficacy of the method.

Caputo型时间分数阶变系数扩散方程的局部间断Galerkin方法

提出一种带有Caputo导数的时间分数阶变系数扩散方程的数值解法.方程的解在初始时刻附近通常具有弱正则性,采用非一致网格上的L1公式离散时间分数阶导数,并使用局部间断Galerkin(local discontinuous Galerkin,LDG)方法离散空间导数,给出方程的全离散格式.基于离散的分数阶Gronwall不等式,证明了格式的数值稳定性和收敛性,且所得结果关于α是鲁棒的,即当α→1^(-)时不会发生爆破.最后,通过数值算例验证理论分析的结果.

非线性抛物型积分微分方程Galerkin有限元方法超收敛分析

主要研究非线性抛物型积分微分方程的协调Galerkin有限元方法Crank-Nicolson(CN)全离散格式。通过对非线性项的精细估计,采用插值与投影相结合的估计技巧,导出了L^(∞)(H^(1))模意义下具有O(h^(2)+τ^(2))阶的超逼近性质。进一步利用插值后处理技术得到了整体超收敛结果,弥补了以往文献的不足。同时,通过数值例子验证了理论分析的正确性和方法的高效性。

椭圆域上二阶/四阶变系数问题有效的谱Galerkin逼近

本文提出了椭圆域上二阶/四阶变系数问题的一种有效的谱Galerkin逼近.首先,我们将原问题化为极坐标下的等价形式,并建立其弱形式及相应的离散格式.其次,针对二阶情形,我们证明了弱解和逼近解的存在唯一性及它们之间的误差估计.另外,根据极条件和勒让得多项式的正交性,我们构造了一组有效的径向基函数,并在θ方向作截断的傅立叶展开,推导了离散格式等价的矩阵形式.最后,我们给出了大量的数值算例,数值结果表明了我们算法的收敛性和谱精度.

四阶线性方程极弱局部间断Galerkin法傅里叶分析

主要研究了四阶线性方程极弱局部间断Galerkin方法的傅里叶误差分析问题。首先,给出四阶线性方程的极弱局部间断Galerkin空间离散格式,并在周期边界条件及一致网格的条件下将离散格式表示为差分形式,然后,在k=2的情况下,利用傅里叶分析方法分析其稳定性及其误差估计问题,最后,利用数值实验,分别对得到的结果进行验证。

考虑DG无功调节和不确定性的配电网新能源消纳容量评估

为充分考虑分布式电源不确定性和控制多样性对配电网运行的影响,提出了一种考虑分布式电源无功调节和不确定性配电网新能源消纳容量的评估方法。首先分析了分布式电源对配电网电压分布的影响、分布式电源无功调节能力以及分布式电源出力的不确定模型;其次,以最大化新能源消纳容量和最小网损为优化目标,以计及分布式电源无功调节和不确定性的有功-无功作为重要约束,建立配电网新能源消纳容量评估模型;然后,以分布式电源和无功补偿装置的出力为优化变量,通过快速非支配排序遗传算法进行求解,实现了新能源消纳容量的准确评估;最后通过应用实例进行验证。结果表明,所提评估方法实现了配电网新能源消纳容量的可靠评估。

一类四阶方程基于降阶格式的谱Galerkin逼近及误差估计

本文针对一类四阶方程提出了一种基于降阶格式的有效谱Galerkin逼近.首先,引入一个辅助函数,将四阶方程化为两个耦合的二阶方程,并推导了它们的弱形式及其离散格式.其次,利用Lax-Milgram引理和非一致带权Sobolev空间中正交投影算子的逼近性质,严格地证明了弱解和逼近解的存在唯一性及它们之间的误差估计.最后,通过一些数值算例,数值结果表明该算法是收敛和高精度的.

Partitioning Calculation Method of Short-Circuit Current for High Proportion DG Access to Distribution Network

Aiming at the problemthat the traditional short-circuit current calculationmethod is not applicable to Distributed Generation(DG)accessing the distribution network,the paper proposes a short-circuit current partitioning calculation method considering the degree of voltage drop at the grid-connected point of DG.Firstly,the output characteristics of DG in the process of low voltage ride through are analyzed,and the equivalent output model of DG in the fault state is obtained.Secondly,by studying the network voltage distribution law after fault in distribution networks under different DG penetration rates,the degree of voltage drop at the grid-connected point of DG is used as a partition index to partition the distribution network.Then,iterative computation is performed within each partition,and data are transferred between partitions through split nodes to realize the fast partition calculation of short-circuit current for high proportion DG access to distribution network,which solves the problems of long iteration time and large calculation error of traditional short-circuit current.Finally,a 62-node real distribution network model containing a high proportion of DG access is constructed onMATLAB/Simulink,and the simulation verifies the effectiveness of the short-circuit current partitioning calculation method proposed in the paper,and its calculation speed is improved by 48.35%compared with the global iteration method.

Energy Stable Nodal DG Methods for Maxwell’s Equations of Mixed-Order Form in Nonlinear Optical Media

In this work,we develop energy stable numerical methods to simulate electromagnetic waves propagating in optical media where the media responses include the linear Lorentz dispersion,the instantaneous nonlinear cubic Kerr response,and the nonlinear delayed Raman molecular vibrational response.Unlike the first-order PDE-ODE governing equations considered previously in Bokil et al.(J Comput Phys 350:420–452,2017)and Lyu et al.(J Sci Comput 89:1–42,2021),a model of mixed-order form is adopted here that consists of the first-order PDE part for Maxwell’s equations coupled with the second-order ODE part(i.e.,the auxiliary differential equations)modeling the linear and nonlinear dispersion in the material.The main contribution is a new numerical strategy to treat the Kerr and Raman nonlinearities to achieve provable energy stability property within a second-order temporal discretization.A nodal discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method is further applied in space for efficiently handling nonlinear terms at the algebraic level,while preserving the energy stability and achieving high-order accuracy.Indeed with d_(E)as the number of the components of the electric field,only a d_(E)×d_(E)nonlinear algebraic system needs to be solved at each interpolation node,and more importantly,all these small nonlinear systems are completely decoupled over one time step,rendering very high parallel efficiency.We evaluate the proposed schemes by comparing them with the methods in Bokil et al.(2017)and Lyu et al.(2021)(implemented in nodal form)regarding the accuracy,computational efficiency,and energy stability,by a parallel scalability study,and also through the simulations of the soliton-like wave propagation in one dimension,as well as the spatial-soliton propagation and two-beam interactions modeled by the two-dimensional transverse electric(TE)mode of the equations.