In recent years, Galium aparine L. has not been controlled by tribenuron-methyl in major Chinese winter wheat fields. The objective of this study is to understand the molecular basis of the resistance mechanism to tri...In recent years, Galium aparine L. has not been controlled by tribenuron-methyl in major Chinese winter wheat fields. The objective of this study is to understand the molecular basis of the resistance mechanism to tribenuron-methyl in G. aparine and to find the specific mutation sites in amino acid sequence of acetolactate synthase （ALS） in the resistant biotype of G. aparine. Fragments that encode the ALS were amplified and cloned from susceptible （S） and resistant （R） biotypes of G. aparine to tribenuron-methyl and sequenced subsequently. The result showed that the nucleotide sequence of Rbiotype of G. aparine differed from that of the S biotype with three amino acid substitutions, of which, the amino acid substitution of Trp57-4 （TGG） to Gly （GGG） is located in the highly conserved region Domain B. The substitution of Trp574 might be responsible for the resistance to tribenuron-methyl in the R-biotype of G. aparine.展开更多
Objectives:Although many studies have suggested the anticancer properties of Galium verum,there is still no accurate information regarding its side effects on normal cells.Accordingly,this study aimed to investigate t...Objectives:Although many studies have suggested the anticancer properties of Galium verum,there is still no accurate information regarding its side effects on normal cells.Accordingly,this study aimed to investigate the dual effects of the whole Galium verummethanolic extract on the normal human fibroblast cell line(AGO)cell line at different concentrations.Methods:The cell line was randomly divided into a control group and groups exposed to concentrations of 12.5 to 400μg/mL.Extraction was performed by the maceration method.In addition,the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide(MTT)method was applied to measure cytotoxicity and flow cytometry.Further,BCL2 associated X(BAX)andB-cell lymphoma 2(BCL2)genes were expressed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate apoptosis and reactive oxygen species(ROS).Finally,data were compared between groups using a one-way analysis of variance.Results:A significant reduction was observed in the cell viability of 90%at a concentration of 400μg/mL compared to the control.In comparison,a significant increase was reported in cell viability at concentrations of 25-200μg/mL(P<0.0001).Furthermore,there was a significant 2.87-time increase in apoptosis compared to the control group(P<0.0001),but no significant differences were reported in cellular phases.ROS increased significantly by 5.7 times(P<0.05),and a significant 80-fold increase was found in the BAX/BCL2gene ratio(P<0.05).Conclusion:The whole methanolic extract could lower the viability of human fibroblasts at 400μg/mL and more by increasing apoptosis,thereby increasing BAX/BCL2gene expression and ROS production.However,the extract exerted an increased effect on cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner on AGO and increased cell growth at concentrations less than 400μg/mL,highlighting different effects of the whole extract on the AGO cell line.展开更多
Aureobasidium pullulans, a biocontrol agent for the annual weed Galium aparine L. was evaluated in vitro for its compatibility with commercial formulation of five herbicides at 1X （recommended field rate）, 0.5X, 0.2...Aureobasidium pullulans, a biocontrol agent for the annual weed Galium aparine L. was evaluated in vitro for its compatibility with commercial formulation of five herbicides at 1X （recommended field rate）, 0.5X, 0.2X, 0.1X 0.067X, and 0.05X concentrations. Germination of A. pullulans with paraquat, 2, 4-D, quizalofop-p, and ctethodim treatment appeared reduced compared with germination of A. pullulans with fluroxypyr treatment at all concentrations. Stunted and shorter germ tubes in comparison with the control were observed with 2, 4-D, quizalofop-p, and clethodim at 0.2X. All concentration of paraquat, 2, 4-D, quizalofop-p, and clethodim except 0.05X, significantly decreased radial growth of A. pullulans compared with its growth on the untreated PDA medium. Field trials to further develop A. pullulans as bio- control agent for control G. aparine L. was conducted to test the effectiveness of this fungus in wheat plots for 2 years at the same location in Xining. Treatments included spore suspensions of A. pullulans alone, a mixture of both fungus and fluroxypyr in wheat. Biocontrol agent effectiveness was estimated at approximately 7 and 14 days after treatment, as disease incidence, percent weed control, and weed biomass reduction. Significant reduction in weed biomass occurred in combination treatments, and potential exists to tank mix A. pullulans with fluroxypyr. Leaf surface moisture and air temperatures following application may account for inconsistencies in field results between years. This fungal organisms show potential as bioherbicides for weeds in G. aparine L.展开更多
Medicinal plants apply become a popular cure between patients with various diseases world.Aim of this review study of investigating of therapeutic effects of Galium verum.In the current review study,PubMed,Scopus,and ...Medicinal plants apply become a popular cure between patients with various diseases world.Aim of this review study of investigating of therapeutic effects of Galium verum.In the current review study,PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar were searched to provide information have shown the therapeutic effects of G.verum.This plant,is famous,as yellow Bedstraw.G.verum plant belongs to the Rubiaceae family.Analysis of G.verum plant represents that the plant included,chemical therapeutic compounds.Many compounds have been isolated from the Galium species plant so far.G.verum.Plants have been traditionally applied for the cure of many maladies.The former pharmacological researches represented that the G.verum plant possessed antioxidant effect,effects on the central nervous system,antimicrobial effects,endocrine effect,antihaemolytic activity,cytotoxic effects,etc.展开更多
基金funded by the National High-Tech R&D Program of China (863 Program, 2006BAD08A09)
文摘In recent years, Galium aparine L. has not been controlled by tribenuron-methyl in major Chinese winter wheat fields. The objective of this study is to understand the molecular basis of the resistance mechanism to tribenuron-methyl in G. aparine and to find the specific mutation sites in amino acid sequence of acetolactate synthase （ALS） in the resistant biotype of G. aparine. Fragments that encode the ALS were amplified and cloned from susceptible （S） and resistant （R） biotypes of G. aparine to tribenuron-methyl and sequenced subsequently. The result showed that the nucleotide sequence of Rbiotype of G. aparine differed from that of the S biotype with three amino acid substitutions, of which, the amino acid substitution of Trp57-4 （TGG） to Gly （GGG） is located in the highly conserved region Domain B. The substitution of Trp574 might be responsible for the resistance to tribenuron-methyl in the R-biotype of G. aparine.
文摘Objectives:Although many studies have suggested the anticancer properties of Galium verum,there is still no accurate information regarding its side effects on normal cells.Accordingly,this study aimed to investigate the dual effects of the whole Galium verummethanolic extract on the normal human fibroblast cell line(AGO)cell line at different concentrations.Methods:The cell line was randomly divided into a control group and groups exposed to concentrations of 12.5 to 400μg/mL.Extraction was performed by the maceration method.In addition,the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide(MTT)method was applied to measure cytotoxicity and flow cytometry.Further,BCL2 associated X(BAX)andB-cell lymphoma 2(BCL2)genes were expressed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate apoptosis and reactive oxygen species(ROS).Finally,data were compared between groups using a one-way analysis of variance.Results:A significant reduction was observed in the cell viability of 90%at a concentration of 400μg/mL compared to the control.In comparison,a significant increase was reported in cell viability at concentrations of 25-200μg/mL(P<0.0001).Furthermore,there was a significant 2.87-time increase in apoptosis compared to the control group(P<0.0001),but no significant differences were reported in cellular phases.ROS increased significantly by 5.7 times(P<0.05),and a significant 80-fold increase was found in the BAX/BCL2gene ratio(P<0.05).Conclusion:The whole methanolic extract could lower the viability of human fibroblasts at 400μg/mL and more by increasing apoptosis,thereby increasing BAX/BCL2gene expression and ROS production.However,the extract exerted an increased effect on cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner on AGO and increased cell growth at concentrations less than 400μg/mL,highlighting different effects of the whole extract on the AGO cell line.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31160371,30860165)the National Key Technology R&D program of China(No.2012BAD19B02)the National High Technology Research and Development Program(863Program)of China(No.2011AA10A206)
文摘Aureobasidium pullulans, a biocontrol agent for the annual weed Galium aparine L. was evaluated in vitro for its compatibility with commercial formulation of five herbicides at 1X （recommended field rate）, 0.5X, 0.2X, 0.1X 0.067X, and 0.05X concentrations. Germination of A. pullulans with paraquat, 2, 4-D, quizalofop-p, and ctethodim treatment appeared reduced compared with germination of A. pullulans with fluroxypyr treatment at all concentrations. Stunted and shorter germ tubes in comparison with the control were observed with 2, 4-D, quizalofop-p, and clethodim at 0.2X. All concentration of paraquat, 2, 4-D, quizalofop-p, and clethodim except 0.05X, significantly decreased radial growth of A. pullulans compared with its growth on the untreated PDA medium. Field trials to further develop A. pullulans as bio- control agent for control G. aparine L. was conducted to test the effectiveness of this fungus in wheat plots for 2 years at the same location in Xining. Treatments included spore suspensions of A. pullulans alone, a mixture of both fungus and fluroxypyr in wheat. Biocontrol agent effectiveness was estimated at approximately 7 and 14 days after treatment, as disease incidence, percent weed control, and weed biomass reduction. Significant reduction in weed biomass occurred in combination treatments, and potential exists to tank mix A. pullulans with fluroxypyr. Leaf surface moisture and air temperatures following application may account for inconsistencies in field results between years. This fungal organisms show potential as bioherbicides for weeds in G. aparine L.
文摘Medicinal plants apply become a popular cure between patients with various diseases world.Aim of this review study of investigating of therapeutic effects of Galium verum.In the current review study,PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar were searched to provide information have shown the therapeutic effects of G.verum.This plant,is famous,as yellow Bedstraw.G.verum plant belongs to the Rubiaceae family.Analysis of G.verum plant represents that the plant included,chemical therapeutic compounds.Many compounds have been isolated from the Galium species plant so far.G.verum.Plants have been traditionally applied for the cure of many maladies.The former pharmacological researches represented that the G.verum plant possessed antioxidant effect,effects on the central nervous system,antimicrobial effects,endocrine effect,antihaemolytic activity,cytotoxic effects,etc.
