Background： The chicken gastrointestinal tract contains a diverse microbiota whose composition and structure play important roles in gut functionality. In this study, microbial shifts resulting from feed supplementat...Background： The chicken gastrointestinal tract contains a diverse microbiota whose composition and structure play important roles in gut functionality. In this study, microbial shifts resulting from feed supplementation with Bacillus subtilis CSL2 were evaluated in broilers challenged and unchallenged with Salmonella Gallinarum. To analyse bacterial community composition and functionality, 454 GS-FLX pyrosequencing of 16 S r RNA gene amplicons was performed.Results： The Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology（QIIME） pipeline was used to analyse changes in the faecal microbiota over a 24-h period. A total of 718,204 sequences from broiler chickens were recorded and analysed. At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the predominant bacterial taxa. In Salmonellainfected chickens（SC）, Bacteroidetes were more highly abundant compared to control（NC） and Bacillus-treated（BT）chickens. At the genus level, in the NC and BT groups, Lactobacil us was present at high abundance, and the abundance of Turicibacter, unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, and Bacteroides increased in SC broilers. Furthermore, taxon-independent analysis showed that the SC and BT groups were compositional y distinct at the end of the 24-h period. Further analysis of functional properties showed that B. subtilis CSL2 administration increased gut-associated energy supply mechanisms（i.e. carbohydrate transport and metabolism） to maintain a stable microbiota and protect gut integrity.Conclusions： This study demonstrated that S. Gallinarum infection and B. subtilis CSL2 supplementation in the diet of broiler chickens influenced the diversity, composition, and functional diversity of the faecal microbiota. Moreover, the findings offer significant insights to understand potential mechanisms of Salmonel a infection and the mode of action of probiotics in broiler chickens.展开更多
To test if stabilizing Ampicillin trihydrate (AT) with Aluminium-Magnesium Silicate (AMS) can enhance its antibacterial activities, different concentrations of AT solution and of a formulation of AT in the AMS, were m...To test if stabilizing Ampicillin trihydrate (AT) with Aluminium-Magnesium Silicate (AMS) can enhance its antibacterial activities, different concentrations of AT solution and of a formulation of AT in the AMS, were made and used for sensitivity test on Salmonella gallinarum cultures. Also, S. gallinarum-infected chicks were treated with;10 mg/Kg (AT), 10 mg/Kg (AT in AMS), 7.5 mg/Kg (AT), 7.5 mg/Kg (AT in AMS). Mean diameter of inhibition zone, 28.39 ± 2.07 mm produced by AT did not vary significantly (P > 0.05) from 26.36 ± 2.05 mm produced by AT in AMS. However, mean Salmonella gallinarum culture forming units per ml of bile, 17.6 ± 11 × 105of the untreated chicks and 3.4 ± 0.81 × 105(80.58% reduction), 2.4 ± 0.67 × 105(85.70% reduction), 5.4 ± 1.93 × 105(69.20% reduction ) and 0.38 ± 0.13 × 105(97.80% reduction ) of the respective treated groups, showed AMS significantly (P S. gallinarum infection, in vivo.展开更多
The first described vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) was about twenty years ago. Recently VRE have been reported by many clinics. However endocarditis due to VRE is still a rare entity and there are only a few c...The first described vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) was about twenty years ago. Recently VRE have been reported by many clinics. However endocarditis due to VRE is still a rare entity and there are only a few cases reported in the literature. We are reporting a 59-year-old male patient with chronic renal failure who was on hemodialysis. He presented with a sudden onset of fever, tachycardia and respiratory distress. The performed echocardiography revealed vegetations on the mitral and aortic valves. As he was diagnosed to have infective endocarditis the patient was put on ampicillin and gentamicin therapy. He underwent an emergent mitral and aortic valve surgery due to ensued heart failure. While he was still on ampicillin and gentamicin therapy, E. gallinarum, which was resistant to vancomycin (MIC = 8 mg/L), was isolated from the surgical valve specimens and hence his antibiotic regime was switched to teicoplanin (MIC < 0.5 mg/L). 28 days after teicoplanin therapy the patient was discharged with free of symptoms and any complication. This patient is presented as an example for an endocarditis with an unusual type of enterococci.展开更多
Salmonella gallinarum has shown multiple drug resistance(MDR),especially high level fluoroquinolone(FQ)resistance in recent years.To determine whether the active efflux system was responsible for high-level FQ resista...Salmonella gallinarum has shown multiple drug resistance(MDR),especially high level fluoroquinolone(FQ)resistance in recent years.To determine whether the active efflux system was responsible for high-level FQ resistance,this research studied AcrAB efflux pump in Salmonella gallinarum on molecular level.The resistant strains were induced by standard strain C79-13 with ciprofloxacin in vitro.With carbonylcyanide-p-chlorophenyl hydrazone(CCCP)as an energy inhibitor,efflux inhibition test initially showed the potential impact of efflux pump on drug resistance.Sequence analysis of acrA gene indicated that gene mutation of AcrAB efflux pump was not definitely associated with MDR and drug resistance level of Salmonella gallinarum.Detected by competitive RT-PCR,the mRNA expression of acrA and acrB genes in the resistant strains significantly increased(p<0.01)compared with that of the control strain C79-13.The mRNA expression level of acrB gene(increased from 1.6-to 2.9-folds)was consistent with that of acrA gene(increased from 1.6-to 2.8-folds),which increased with the drug resistance level.However,gene mutation of acrA gene showed no correlation with its mRNA expression level,indicating that gene mutation did not affect the expression of AcrAB pump itself.The results suggested that the overexpression rather than the gene mutation of AcrAB efflux pump was an important factor causing the high level drug resistance of Salmonella gallinarum.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the Next-Generation Bio Green 21Program(PJ01115903),Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea
文摘Background： The chicken gastrointestinal tract contains a diverse microbiota whose composition and structure play important roles in gut functionality. In this study, microbial shifts resulting from feed supplementation with Bacillus subtilis CSL2 were evaluated in broilers challenged and unchallenged with Salmonella Gallinarum. To analyse bacterial community composition and functionality, 454 GS-FLX pyrosequencing of 16 S r RNA gene amplicons was performed.Results： The Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology（QIIME） pipeline was used to analyse changes in the faecal microbiota over a 24-h period. A total of 718,204 sequences from broiler chickens were recorded and analysed. At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the predominant bacterial taxa. In Salmonellainfected chickens（SC）, Bacteroidetes were more highly abundant compared to control（NC） and Bacillus-treated（BT）chickens. At the genus level, in the NC and BT groups, Lactobacil us was present at high abundance, and the abundance of Turicibacter, unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, and Bacteroides increased in SC broilers. Furthermore, taxon-independent analysis showed that the SC and BT groups were compositional y distinct at the end of the 24-h period. Further analysis of functional properties showed that B. subtilis CSL2 administration increased gut-associated energy supply mechanisms（i.e. carbohydrate transport and metabolism） to maintain a stable microbiota and protect gut integrity.Conclusions： This study demonstrated that S. Gallinarum infection and B. subtilis CSL2 supplementation in the diet of broiler chickens influenced the diversity, composition, and functional diversity of the faecal microbiota. Moreover, the findings offer significant insights to understand potential mechanisms of Salmonel a infection and the mode of action of probiotics in broiler chickens.
文摘To test if stabilizing Ampicillin trihydrate (AT) with Aluminium-Magnesium Silicate (AMS) can enhance its antibacterial activities, different concentrations of AT solution and of a formulation of AT in the AMS, were made and used for sensitivity test on Salmonella gallinarum cultures. Also, S. gallinarum-infected chicks were treated with;10 mg/Kg (AT), 10 mg/Kg (AT in AMS), 7.5 mg/Kg (AT), 7.5 mg/Kg (AT in AMS). Mean diameter of inhibition zone, 28.39 ± 2.07 mm produced by AT did not vary significantly (P > 0.05) from 26.36 ± 2.05 mm produced by AT in AMS. However, mean Salmonella gallinarum culture forming units per ml of bile, 17.6 ± 11 × 105of the untreated chicks and 3.4 ± 0.81 × 105(80.58% reduction), 2.4 ± 0.67 × 105(85.70% reduction), 5.4 ± 1.93 × 105(69.20% reduction ) and 0.38 ± 0.13 × 105(97.80% reduction ) of the respective treated groups, showed AMS significantly (P S. gallinarum infection, in vivo.
文摘The first described vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) was about twenty years ago. Recently VRE have been reported by many clinics. However endocarditis due to VRE is still a rare entity and there are only a few cases reported in the literature. We are reporting a 59-year-old male patient with chronic renal failure who was on hemodialysis. He presented with a sudden onset of fever, tachycardia and respiratory distress. The performed echocardiography revealed vegetations on the mitral and aortic valves. As he was diagnosed to have infective endocarditis the patient was put on ampicillin and gentamicin therapy. He underwent an emergent mitral and aortic valve surgery due to ensued heart failure. While he was still on ampicillin and gentamicin therapy, E. gallinarum, which was resistant to vancomycin (MIC = 8 mg/L), was isolated from the surgical valve specimens and hence his antibiotic regime was switched to teicoplanin (MIC < 0.5 mg/L). 28 days after teicoplanin therapy the patient was discharged with free of symptoms and any complication. This patient is presented as an example for an endocarditis with an unusual type of enterococci.
基金Supported by the Application Technology Research and Development Project in Heilongjiang Province of China(PC13S03)the Foundation of Heilongjiang Province Educational Committee of China(11541030)。
文摘Salmonella gallinarum has shown multiple drug resistance(MDR),especially high level fluoroquinolone(FQ)resistance in recent years.To determine whether the active efflux system was responsible for high-level FQ resistance,this research studied AcrAB efflux pump in Salmonella gallinarum on molecular level.The resistant strains were induced by standard strain C79-13 with ciprofloxacin in vitro.With carbonylcyanide-p-chlorophenyl hydrazone(CCCP)as an energy inhibitor,efflux inhibition test initially showed the potential impact of efflux pump on drug resistance.Sequence analysis of acrA gene indicated that gene mutation of AcrAB efflux pump was not definitely associated with MDR and drug resistance level of Salmonella gallinarum.Detected by competitive RT-PCR,the mRNA expression of acrA and acrB genes in the resistant strains significantly increased(p<0.01)compared with that of the control strain C79-13.The mRNA expression level of acrB gene(increased from 1.6-to 2.9-folds)was consistent with that of acrA gene(increased from 1.6-to 2.8-folds),which increased with the drug resistance level.However,gene mutation of acrA gene showed no correlation with its mRNA expression level,indicating that gene mutation did not affect the expression of AcrAB pump itself.The results suggested that the overexpression rather than the gene mutation of AcrAB efflux pump was an important factor causing the high level drug resistance of Salmonella gallinarum.
