Radiative Blood-Based Hybrid Copper-Graphene Nanoliquid Flows along a Source-Heated Leaning Cylinder

Variant graphene,graphene oxides(GO),and graphene nanoplatelets(GNP)dispersed in blood-based copper(Cu)nanoliquids over a leaning permeable cylinder are the focus of this study.These forms of graphene are highly beneficial in the biological and medical fields for cancer therapy,anti-infection measures,and drug delivery.The non-Newtonian Sutterby(blood-based)hybrid nanoliquid flows are generalized within the context of the Tiwari-Das model to simulate the effects of radiation and heating sources.The governing partial differential equations are reformulated into a nonlinear set of ordinary differential equations using similar transformational expressions.These equations are then transformed into boundary value problems through a shooting technique,followed by the implementation of the bvp4c tool in MATLAB.The influences of various parameters on the model’s nondimensional velocity and temperature profiles,reduced skin friction,and reduced Nusselt number are presented for detailed discussions.The results indicated that Cu-GNP/blood and Cu-GO/blood hybrid nanofluids exhibit the lowest and highest velocity distributions,respectively,for increased nanoparticles volume fraction,curvature parameter,Sutterby fluid parameter,Hartmann number,and wall permeability parameter.Conversely,opposite trends are observed for the temperature distribution for all considered parameters,except the mixed convection parameter.Increases in the reduced skin friction magnitude and the reduced Nusselt number with higher values of graphene/GO/GNP nanoparticle volume fraction are also reported.Finally,GNP is identified as the superior heat conductor,with an average increase of approximately 5%and a peak of 7.8%in the reduced Nusselt number compared to graphene and GO nanoparticles in the Cu/blood nanofluids.

Tribological Mechanism of Graphene and Ionic Liquid Mixed Fluid on Grinding Interface under Nanofluid Minimum Quantity Lubrication

Graphene has superhigh thermal conductivity up to 5000 W/(m·K),extremely thin thickness,superhigh mechanical strength and nano-lamellar structure with low interlayer shear strength,making it possess great potential in mini-mum quantity lubrication(MQL)grinding.Meanwhile,ionic liquids(ILs)have higher thermal conductivity and better thermal stability than vegetable oils,which are frequently used as MQL grinding fluids.And ILs have extremely low vapor pressure,thereby avoiding film boiling in grinding.These excellent properties make ILs also have immense potential in MQL grinding.However,the grinding performance of graphene and ionic liquid mixed fluid under nano-fluid minimum quantity lubrication(NMQL),and its tribological mechanism on abrasive grain/workpiece grinding interface,are still unclear.This research firstly evaluates the grinding performance of graphene and ionic liquid mixed nanofluids(graphene/IL nanofluids)under NMQL experimentally.The evaluation shows that graphene/IL nanofluids can further strengthen both the cooling and lubricating performances compared with MQL grinding using ILs only.The specific grinding energy and grinding force ratio can be reduced by over 40%at grinding depth of 10μm.Work-piece machined surface roughness can be decreased by over 10%,and grinding temperature can be lowered over 50℃at grinding depth of 30μm.Aiming at the unclear tribological mechanism of graphene/IL nanofluids,molecular dynamics simulations for abrasive grain/workpiece grinding interface are performed to explore the formation mechanism of physical adsorption film.The simulations show that the grinding interface is in a boundary lubrication state.IL molecules absorb in groove-like fractures on grain wear flat face to form boundary lubrication film,and graphene nanosheets can enter into the grinding interface to further decrease the contact area between abrasive grain and workpiece.Compared with MQL grinding,the average tangential grinding force of graphene/IL nanofluids can decrease up to 10.8%.The interlayer shear effect and low interlayer shear strength of graphene nanosheets are the principal causes of enhanced lubricating performance on the grinding interface.EDS and XPS analyses are further carried out to explore the formation mechanism of chemical reaction film.The analyses show that IL base fluid happens chemical reactions with workpiece material,producing FeF_(2),CrF_(3),and BN.The fresh machined surface of workpiece is oxidized by air,producing NiO,Cr_(2)O_(3) and Fe_(2)O_(3).The chemical reaction film is constituted by fluorides,nitrides and oxides together.The combined action of physical adsorption film and chemical reaction film make graphene/IL nano-fluids obtain excellent grinding performance.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Graphene Oxide/titanium Dioxide Solvent-free Nanofluid

A novel graphene oxide/titanium dioxide（GO/TiO2） solvent-free nanofluid was firstly synthesized by employing GO, which was in-situ deposited by TiO2 as the core and（3-Glycidyloxypropyl） trime thoxysilane（KH560） and polyetheramine-M2070 as the shell. The morphology and structure of GO/TiO2 nanofluid were verified by Transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, X-ray diffraction（XRD） analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） and UV-vis absorption spectra. These studies confirmed that TiO2 has been deposited onto GO with good dispersion, and the organic shell has been grafted onto the core successfully. Thermo gravimetric analysis（TGA） and viscosity analysis indicated that this nanoparticle hybrid material presented a liquid state without solvent at room temperature, and has great fluidity and thermal stability. The solubility investigation of GO/TiO2 nanofluid revealed its excellent amphiphilicity and the potential as the functional nanocomposites.

石墨烯/铜混合纳米流体对微量润滑车削304不锈钢的影响

为了揭示纳米粒子的协同作用机理,以少层石墨烯为载体,纳米铜作为负载金属粒子,在可生物降解润滑油基础上,分别采用分子水平混合和机械混合方法制备了石墨烯/铜混合纳米流体。在确定的石墨烯/铜比例及纳米粒子的质量分数条件下,进行了微量润滑切削AISI 304不锈钢的单因素试验研究。结果表明,配方合适的分子水平混合纳米流体协同润滑作用优于机械混合纳米流体,MQL加工时可降低切削温度,提高表面质量,减小刀具磨损。

石墨烯纳米流体在PV/T系统中的分频性能分析

文章对质量浓度分别为0.02‰,0.05‰,0.1‰的水基石墨烯纳米流体的分频特性进行了研究。采用双光程法测试了光谱透过率,可理论分析石墨烯纳米流体的分频性能。在90 min模拟光照的条件下,分析不同浓度石墨烯纳米流体和水作为分频液时分频型PV/T系统集热效率、电效率和综合效率的变化情况。结果表明:0.02‰石墨烯纳米流体的光谱透过率最高,在400~900 nm的单晶硅电池较佳响应波段,其透过率为66.8%;将取热温度设定为40℃,0.1‰纳米流体达到40℃时,热效率最高达39.7%;水作为PV/T系统分频液时,PV电池输出效率最高为10.9%;同时,利用性能评价函数MF(The Merit Function)来评估分频液对PV/T系统综合性能的影响,当达到取热温度40℃时,0.1‰石墨烯分频液瞬时MF值最高达1.85。

小倾角自湿润纳米流体重力热管传热特性

以质量分数为0.01%的氧化石墨烯分散液和质量分数为0.5%的正丁醇水溶液按3∶4的体积比混合后的混合溶液为工质,对小倾角下不同加热功率的重力热管传热特性进行分析,并与正丁醇溶液和去离子水的传热特性做对照。结果表明:在小倾角下氧化石墨烯的加入能够减小自湿润流体热管的传热热阻,但其强化作用与加热功率相关;低加热功率下氧化石墨烯的强化作用并不明显,当加热功率为20—120 W时氧化石墨烯的强化作用较为明显,当加热功率超过120 W后,氧化石墨烯的强化作用逐渐减弱。在正丁醇质量分数不变的情况下,当加热功率小于120 W、氧化石墨烯质量分数小于0.06%时,氧化石墨烯质量分数越大热管热阻越小,氧化石墨烯质量分数大于0.06%时热阻反而增大。当加热功率大于120 W后,质量分数越高热管热阻就越大。

铅铋反应堆新型双层换热管式主热交换器设计与优化分析

双层换热管的设计可以有效降低换热管破裂事故的发生概率,但管间接触热阻会导致换热管传热效率降低,不利于铅铋反应堆一回路系统热量的顺利导出,因此需要优化双层换热管的设计。本文以铅铋反应堆双层换热管式主热交换器为研究对象,提出在双层换热管间隙中填充镓基石墨烯纳米流体作为热界面材料,分析换热管长度、壁厚、外径和间距对传热性能的影响规律,并与未填充热界面材料的双层换热管式主热交换器传热性能进行对比分析;分别以JF因子和成本效率比(Cost-effectiveness Ratio,CER)为优化目标,以上述4种参数为优化变量,采用遗传算法对主换热器传热性能进行优化和综合评估,得到一种铅铋反应堆新型双层换热管式主热交换器设计方案。优化后的主换热器总传热系数增加5.79%,一回路压降提升2.32%,JF因子提升5%,CER因子提升24.62%。结果表明:在双层换热管间隙中填充镓基石墨烯纳米流体可以在降低蒸汽发生器管破裂事故概率的前提下,有效提高双层管换交换器的传热性能。

Study on the performance of TEG with heat transfer enhancement using graphene-water nanofluid for a TEG cooling system

Improvement of the heat transfer effect of cold side of a thermoelectric generator(TEG) is one of the approaches to enhance the performance of the TEG systems.As a new type of heat transfer media,nanofluids can enhance the heat transfer performance of working liquid significantly.In this study,the performance of a commercial TEG with graphene-water(GW) nanofluid as coolants in a minichannel heat exchanger is investigated experimentally at low temperatures.The results show that the output power of TEG increases with the flow rate under 950 mL/min.However,the fluid flow rate has no influence on the output power of TEG with higher flow rate(larger than 950 mL/min) when the heat transfer dynamic balance state of the system is reached.The optimal concentration and flow rate of nanofluid are 0.1 wt%and 950 mL/min,respectively.At the optimal conditions,the improved voltage,output power and conversion efficiency with GW nanofluid applied in the cooling system are increased by11.29%,21.55%and 3.5%in comparison with those with only water applied,respectively.

最小量润滑下搅拌摩擦焊接AA2014合金的组织与力学性能

搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)的余热溶解析出相降低了沉淀强化AA2014合金的接头质量。本研究采用最小量润滑(MQL)技术来散热,将采用两步法制备的石墨烯纳米流体作为冷却剂,用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射和差示扫描量热法研究晶粒结构和析出相的发展。结果表明,在不同转速和焊接速度组合下,不同的热循环对析出相的转变不同,从而对焊缝性能产生调节作用,成功消除无沉淀析出带的形成。采用n-MQL技术产生了稳定的θ相,从而使焊接接头有更高的焊接性能。在1200 r/min的转速和72 mm/min的焊接速度下,建立了具有优异性能的工艺窗口。

氧化石墨烯促进CO_(2)水合物生成动力学影响研究

CO_(2)水合物技术是一种有效的CO_(2)分离技术,纳米流体作为添加剂可以加快CO_(2)水合物生成。基于实验室自建的水合物实验平台,研究了纯水体系和不同浓度的氧化石墨烯体系对CO_(2)水合物的生成影响。结果表明:氧化石墨烯体系可明显缩短诱导时间和反应时间,诱导时间可缩短73.8%~81.6%以上,反应时间最多缩短了70.5%;30 mg·L^(-1)可以认为是氧化石墨烯体系的最佳质量浓度点,但是氧化石墨烯对于CO_(2)水合物的储气量的影响可忽略不计。

Numerical Analysis on Solidification Behavior of Graphene Nanoplatelet Based Nanofluid in Cold Storage Cavity

Addition of graphene nanoplatelet(GNP)into water is a promising method for improving cold storage system performance,and its application requires comprehensive understanding of solidification behavior of GNP-water nanofluid.In the present study,the influences of GNP mass concentration,cold storage cavity size and shape on solid-liquid interface evolution,temperature distribution,streamline profile as well as solidification rate are numerically analyzed.The enthalpy-porosity technique is adopted to track solid-liquid interface.The results show that the enhancement effect of GNPs on solidification is mainly reflected in the final stage in which heat conduction is predominant;the solidification occurs at the bottom of cavity in the early stage,and the solid-liquid interface is similar to the shape of cavity itself and then tends to be circular in the middle and final stages respectively;the reduction degree of solidification time reaches 30.1%at GNP mass concentration of 1.2 wt%under present simulation conditions;decreasing cavity size and adopting triangular cavity are beneficial for promoting the solidification,but they will suppress the enhancement effect of GNPs on solidification.

水基纳米流体的凝固行为

选用二氧化钛(TiO2)纳米颗粒、碳纳米管(CNT)和石墨烯(graphene)纳米片制备水基纳米流体。采用步冷曲线法测量纳米流体的凝固温度和时间。研究纳米材料形状、尺寸、接触角和比表面积对纳米流体凝固行为的影响。实验发现,TiO2纳米颗粒、CNT纳米管和石墨烯纳米片对纳米流体过冷度和凝固时间的减小作用依次增强。0.034%(质量分数)浓度的石墨烯纳米片可完全消除水的过冷现象,使其凝固起始时间和总时间分别缩短61.22%和30.53%。成核理论分析表明,纳米流体的凝固过冷度主要取决于单位体积纳米流体的成核面积。与接触角、形状和尺寸相比,纳米材料的比表面积对纳米流体过冷度的影响更大。

氧化石墨烯及其导热纳米流体的制备与性能

以石墨为原料,经XRD、TEM及IR表征证明采用强氧化法在实验室成功合成了氧化石墨烯。经亲水性实验表明该氧化石墨烯产品为亲水性材料,其接触角为31.6°;SEM表征表明该氧化石墨烯产品在乙二醇中的分散性好。在没有分散剂的情况下合成了氧化石墨烯/乙二醇导热纳米流体,并确定出氧化石墨烯在常温下分散在乙二醇中的最佳质量分数为0.1%,其稳定时间可达15d以上。在25℃时测得分别以蒸馏水、乙二醇和丙二醇为基液的质量分数为0.1%的氧化石墨烯纳米流体的热导率分别增加27.2%,54.2%和55.6%。

氧化石墨烯纳米流体过冷度及非均匀成核条件研究

为研发过冷度低的相变蓄冷材料,降低冰蓄冷系统的能耗,实验测试了5种不同浓度的水基氧化石墨烯纳米流体的过冷度,并采用非均匀成核理论计算了在氧化石墨烯纳米薄片上的成核条件。实验结果表明,跟去离子水相比,各种浓度纳米流体的过冷度均受到了极大抑制,最大可降低69.1%,而且成核时间也大大缩短。理论计算表明:在单层氧化石墨烯纳米薄片的侧面(厚度)上成核需要很大的过冷度,只有当纳米薄片的重叠层数达到6层以上或重叠后的厚度超过6nm时,有效成核对应的过冷度才接近本实验条件下氧化石墨烯纳米流体的最大过冷度;要在纳米薄片的上下表面成核,过冷度与纳米薄片边长的乘积必须大于或等于2.446×10-8 m·K,借助纳米薄片的粒径分布和过冷度实验结果,验证了氧化石墨烯纳米流体满足这一成核条件。研究结果表明,氧化石墨烯纳米薄片可以作为降低相变材料过冷度的成核剂,对冰蓄冷和快速制冰行业具有重要的指导意义和实用价值。

Cu/rGO纳米流体的制备及稳定性能研究

采用"两步法"成功制备了铜/石墨烯(Cu/rGO)纳米流体,研究了基液种类、pH值、超声时间、分散剂种类及添加量对其稳定性的影响。结果表明,基液的极性、密度和黏度对纳米流体的稳定性有着重要影响;氢离子和氢氧根离子的加入使得铜/石墨烯纳米流体的稳定性降低,但氢离子对纳米流体稳定性的影响较大;超声时间过长或过短均会导致颗粒不同程度的团聚;适量分散剂乙醇胺的加入有利于Cu/rGO纳米流体的稳定性。

氧化石墨烯纳米流体分散性及过冷特性研究

以质量分数为0.05%的氧化石墨烯纳米流体为实验对象,测量了不同超声分散时间下氧化石墨烯纳米流体的粒度和Zeta电位分布。同时测定了降温过程中氧化石墨烯纳米流体的过冷度和相变时间,探讨了超声时间对氧化石墨烯纳米流体分散性和过冷特性的影响。实验结果表明,超声分散时间越长,分散性能越好,但在150min后,粒径和Zeta电位大小趋于稳定;且超声分散时间为150min时,过冷度较小,相变时间较短,分别为5.2℃和4870s。

氧化石墨烯重力热管传热性能研究

实验研究了在氧化石墨烯纳米流体质量分数为0,0.01%,0.05%,0.1%,0.2%时,50,60,70,80,90℃加热温度和50%,60%,70%,80%充液率对重力热管启动性能和传热特性的影响。实验结果表明:氧化石墨烯纳米流体质量分数越大,重力热管热阻越小;在加热温度为90℃、充液率为60%时,质量分数为0.2%的纳米流体重力热管热阻最小,且相比于基液热管降低了62.9%;在基液中添加氧化石墨烯会缩短热管启动时间,提高热管启动温度,但不改变热管的启动方式;氧化石墨烯提高热管传热性能的原因主要是其热导率较高且表面润湿性较好。实验结果对重力热管传热性能的研究具有参考意义。

水基石墨烯纳米流体黏度的实验研究

采用两步法制备水基石墨烯纳米流体并进行表征,使用乌氏黏度计测量水基石墨烯纳米流体在15~45℃时不同质量分数(0.03%、0.07%、0.10%、0.15%)下的黏度。结果表明,水基石墨烯纳米流体的黏度随温度的升高而减小,与基液的黏度变化趋势一致;在水基石墨烯纳米流体密度随温度变化很小时,黏度的增加量仅随温度出现小幅波动;纳米流体的黏度随石墨烯浓度的增大而增大,温度在15~45℃时,0.15%纳米流体黏度的最大增量达到2.14%。通过黏度模型的验证可知,在低浓度时,对水基石墨烯纳米流体黏度的预测需考虑纳米粒子形状的影响,纳米粒子尺寸的影响不大。

富勒烯纳米流体在石墨烯纳米孔隙中的边界滑移特性

采用经典分子动力学方法探索了电场强度和富勒烯纳米颗粒浓度对水-富勒烯纳米流体在石墨烯纳米孔隙中Couette剪切流动特性的影响机理。结果表明:当剪切应变率超过临界剪切应变率时,边界滑移速率迅速增加,且临界剪切应变率随着电场强度的增强而增大;边界滑移速率和流体黏性值都随着富勒烯体积分数的增加而增大。当电场强度较小时,流体的流动表现为边界正滑移,但当电场强度达到临界值时,流体的流动存在边界负滑移;边界滑移速率先随着电场强度的增强而减小,直至电场强度达到临界值后,边界滑移速率随着电场强度的增强先减小后增大。富勒烯纳米流体的黏性值先随着电场强度的增强而增大,而当电场强度达到临界值后,纳米流体的黏性值则随电场强度的增强呈现先减小而后增大的趋势。