广义Gamma分布弱湍流环境含指向误差串行中继水下无线光通信系统误码性能分析

鉴于目前普遍选用的水下弱湍流模型无法准确拟合实测数据的缺陷,选取经实验测试验证的广义Gamma分布来表征海洋弱湍流,以期合理评估受湍流等因素影响的水下无线光通信系统的误码性能。提出一种包含广义Gamma分布弱湍流、零/非零视轴指向误差以及无衰落信道冲激响应隐路径损耗和多径效应的混合衰落信道模型,据此推导混合衰落串行中继无线光通信系统平均误码率的数学闭型表达;通过数值仿真验证所推导的误码率理论表达式的准确性,并考察不同系统核心参数对误码率的影响。研究结果表明:串行中继节点的引入可有效提高系统的误码性能,以零视轴指向误差、最终传输距离达45 m、误码率需求10-3为例,引入1至3个串行中继节点后,系统从一开始的无法工作,变为所需的发射功率分别降低至24 dBm、12 dBm和6 dBm;而光源初始发散角增大导致的无衰落信道冲激响应时延扩展,即符号间干扰,则会严重降低此性能改善。

一类折叠Gamma分布的尖峰厚尾性质及应用

组合分布思想的出现及扩展为研究现实数据分布提供了优良方案。鉴于许多数据的尖峰后尾特征,文章从Gamma分布出发,构造了具有尖峰厚尾性质的折叠Gamma分布,进而讨论了折叠Gamma分布的性质,并在Newton-Raphson算法下给出了分布参数的矩估计和极大似然估计,同时以数值模拟证明了估计的可行性,最后以实际数据对比研究折叠Gamma分布和正态分布的拟合效果。结果表明:折叠Gamma分布能更好地拟合尖峰厚尾数据,且其拟合效果随着数据样本量的增大而变好。

基于最大图像熵Gamma校正估计的图像特征点检测和匹配方法

提出一种基于最大图像熵Gamma校正估计的图像特征点检测和匹配方法。通过预处理算法来增强图像的对比度,将其应用于图像特征点的检测和匹配。在预处理阶段,首先采用对数函数对图像进行归一化,根据设定的阈值将图像分为明亮和黑暗分量;然后分别对两个分量自适应地选择不同的参数进行Gamma校正,并且确定使其熵最大化的校正参数为每个分量的最佳参数;最后将上述参数应用于Gamma校正生成对应原始图像明亮和黑暗区域的矫正图,并进行融合生成增强的图像。对预处理完的图像进行特征点检测和匹配实验。研究结果表明:所提出的算法相较于未处理算法、HE和自适应Gamma算法,特征点检测后的匹配数量在欠曝光图像上分别提升85.7%、26.4%和15.2%,在过曝光图像上分别提升59.4%、12.2%和103.8%。匹配效果也有较明显提升。

基于Gamma混合模型的出租车落客行为

为了更好地理解枢纽送站坪出租车落客行为,提高落客区域通行效率,提出基于Gamma混合模型的出租车落客决策模型.应用精确的出租车轨迹数据,将出租车停车时间分解为主动停车时间、被迫停车时间和落客时间,基于被迫停车时间分析构建等待耐性混合分布模型,模型验证结果与真实数据相吻合.在此基础上,以潜在乘客耐心分布、停车位置、期望停车位和行程时间为落客决策模型的核心指标,提取相关因子为解释变量,以是否落客为被解释变量,构建二元面板Logit模型,并对模型进行检验.结果表明,乘客耐心对车辆落客起着决定性的作用,落客决策模型预测准确率超过81%,表明该模型能够较好地预测出租车落客行为,为研究缓堵策略提供基础.

Gamma-Gamma信道下基于并行交织极化码的误码性能研究

为了降低大气湍流引起的衰落影响,同时减少长片误码干扰,提出一种基于并行交织极化码(polar code)的编码方法。通过蒙特卡洛模拟Gamma-Gamma分布的随机数构建大气湍流信道,以成对差错概率(pairwise error probability, PEP)和极化谱确定极化信道的误差概率上限,采用乘积距离准则最小化差错概率,建立了并行交织的设计准则。对极化码在湍流信道中的误码率(bit error rate, BER)性能进行了评估,仿真结果表明,基于极化码的并行交织方法获得了一个量级的误码性能提升,在信噪比为5 dB时,误码率从5.11×10-6降低为2.13×10-7,有效缓解了湍流引起的长片误码问题。实验验证了所提准则的可靠性和适用性。

Gamma3髓内钉在股骨粗隆间骨折手术治疗中的应用效果评价

目的探讨Gamma3髓内钉应用于股骨粗隆间骨折手术治疗中的效果。方法选择2020年1月—2022年12月丹阳市中医院收治的82例股骨粗隆间骨折患者为研究对象,以随机数表法分为对照组(n=41,给予抗旋型股骨近端髓内钉手术治疗)与观察组(n=41,给予Gamma3髓内钉手术治疗),比较两组患者的手术治疗相关指标、髋关节功能与并发症。结果两组患者的手术用时、手术总失血量对比,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。观察组患者的住院时间(12.14±1.16)d、术后负重时间(5.63±1.07)周、骨折愈合时间(7.32±1.18)周均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=12.535、9.884、6.992,P均<0.05)。与术前比较,两组患者术后1、3、6个月时的Harris评分均升高,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);但各时间段组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。两组髋关节功能优良率、并发症发生率对比,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论Gamma3髓内钉与抗旋型股骨近端髓内钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的效果、安全性均相当,但Gamma3髓内钉能加快患者术后功能恢复。

改进Gamma变换的遥感影像阴影补偿方法

影像阴影是遥感影像应用与解译的重要干扰项,为了提高阴影补偿精度,更真实地还原遥感影像上地物特征信息,提出一种基于提取同质区域的改进Gamma变换的阴影补偿方法.选取了两张具有不同地物特征的遥感影像作为实验区,首先对实验区影像进行蓝光抑制;其次,通过膨胀运算和腐蚀运算求取阴影区域与非阴影同质区域,构造实验区所需要的结构元素;最后,针对同质区域通过Gamma变换对遥感影像进行阴影补偿,与Retinex算法和局部补偿算法进行精度比较.实验结果表明,该方法在每个颜色通道的平均梯度都要优于另外两种算法,从而验证了该文方法对提升遥感影像阴影补偿精度的有效性,为提高遥感影像阴影补偿精度提供了一种新思路.

Meta-analysis of the clinical efficacy of the Gamma3 nail vs Gamma3U-blade system in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures

BACKGROUND The traditional Gamma3 nail is a mainstream treatment for femoral intertrochanteric fractures.Literature reports that the Gamma3U-blade system can increase the stability of the Gamma3 nail and reduce complication incidence.However,comparative studies between the Gamma3U-blade and Gamma3 systems are limited;hence,this meta-analysis was performed to explore the clinical efficacy of these two surgical methods.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy of Gamma3 and Gamma3 U-blade for intertrochanteric fractures.METHODS A computerized search for Chinese and English literature published from 2010 to 2022 was conducted in PubMed,Cochrane,CNKI,Wanfang,and VIP databases.The search keywords were gamma 3,gamma 3 U blade,and intertrochanteric fracture.Additionally,literature tracking was performed on the references of published literature.The data were analyzed using Revman 5.3 software.Two individuals checked the inputs for accuracy.Continuous variables were described using mean difference and standard deviation,and outcome effect sizes were expressed using ratio OR and 95%confidence interval(CI).High heterogeneity was considered at(P<0.05,I2>50%),moderate heterogeneity at I2 from 25%to 50%,and low heterogeneity at(P≥0.05,I2<50%).RESULTS Following a comprehensive literature search,review,and analysis,six articles were selected for inclusion in this study.This selection comprised five articles in English and one in Chinese,with publication years spanning from 2016 to 2022.The study with the largest sample size,conducted by Seungbae in 2021,included a total of 304 cases.Statistical analysis:A total of 1063 patients were included in this meta-analysis.The main outcome indicators were:Surgical time:The Gamma3U blade system had a longer surgical time compared to Gamma3 nails(P=0.006,I2=76%).Tip-apex distance:No statistical significance or heterogeneity was observed(P=0.65,I2=0%).Harris Hip score:No statistical significance was found,and low heterogeneity was detected(P=0.26,I2=22%).Union time:No statistical significance was found,and high heterogeneity was detected(P=0.05,I2=75%).CONCLUSION Our study indicated that the Gamma3 system reduces operative time compared to the Gamma3 U-blade system in treating intertrochanteric fractures.Both surgical methods proved to be safe and effective for this patient group.These findings may offer valuable insights and guidance for future surgical protocols in hip fracture patients.

Probability Laws Derived from the Gamma Function

Several densities or probability laws of continuous random variables derive from the Euler Gamma function. These laws form the basis of sampling theory, namely hypothesis testing and estimation. Namely the gamma, beta, and Student law, through the chi-square law and the normal law are all distributions resulting from applications of Euleur functions.

Evaluation of Interferon-Gamma Release Assay Testing and Tuberculin Skin Test for Early Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of interferon-γ release assay (IGRA), a sensitive microbiological diagnostic method, in children and adolescents with suspected tuberculosis in a country with a high burden of tuberculosis. Method: This study included 581 children and adolescents aged 4 - 19 years who were suspected of having tuberculosis, were latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and had received at least one dose of BCG vaccine between April 17, 2019, and February 24, 2021. The study evaluated the TST results of 106 patients who had a positive Quantiferon test and were suspected of having tuberculosis. Results: The study included 581 patients aged between 4 and 19 years. Of these, 106 patients tested positive for the Quantiferon test, while 19 were indeterminate and 456 were negative. The Quantiferon test positivity rate was 18.24%. Among the 106 QFT-Plus-positive cases, 23 patients also tested positive for TST. The difference in distribution was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The QFT-Plus test is considered an alternative to TST and other microbiological diagnostic methods for early tuberculosis diagnosis, particularly in children and adolescents.

Clinical efficacy of Gamma Knife®combined with transarterial chemoembolization and immunotherapy in the treatment of primary liver cancer

BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of Gamma Knife®combined with transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)and immunotherapy in the treatment of primary liver cancer.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of Gamma Knife®combined with TACE and immune-targeted therapy in the treatment of primary liver cancer.METHODS Clinical data from 51 patients with primary liver cancer admitted to our hospital between May 2018 and October 2022 were retrospectively collected.All patients underwent Gamma Knife®treatment combined with TACE and immunotherapy.The clinical efficacy,changes in liver function,overall survival(OS),and progression-free survival(PFS)of patients with different treatment responses were evaluated,and adverse reactions were recorded.RESULTS The last follow-up for this study was conducted on October 31,2023.Clinical evaluation of the 51 patients with primary liver cancer revealed a partial response(PR)in 27 patients,accounting for 52.94%(27/51);stable disease(SD)in 16 patients,accounting for 31.37%(16/51);and progressive disease(PD)in 8 patients,accounting for 15.69%(8/51).The objective response rate was 52.94%,and the disease control rate was 84.31%.Alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,lactate dehydrogenase,and alpha-fetoprotein isoform levels decreased after treatment compared with pretreatment(all P=0.000).The median OS was 26 months[95%confidence interval(95%CI):19.946-32.054]in the PR group and 19 months(95%CI:14.156-23.125)in the SD+PD group,with a statistically significant difference(P=0.015).The median PFS was 20 months(95%CI:18.441-34.559)in the PR group and 12 months(95%CI:8.745-13.425)in the SD+PD group,with a statistically significant difference(P=0.002).Common adverse reactions during treatment included nausea and vomiting(39.22%),thrombocytopenia(27.45%),and leukopenia(25.49%),with no treatment-related deaths reported.CONCLUSION Gamma Knife®combined with TACE and immune-targeted therapy is safe and effective in the treatment of primary liver cancer and has a good effect on improving the clinical benefit rate and liver function of patients.

基于Gamma-Gamma湍流信道下的卷积码性能研究

为了研究不同码型的卷积码在水下湍流信道中的误码率(BER)性能,采用接受-拒绝采样模拟湍流信道乘性干扰,并选择二进制相移键控(BPSK)调制方式,建立Gamma-Gamma湍流信道通信系统仿真模型。仿真结果表明:在不同强度的湍流信道中,采用卷积码编码均能提升系统的BER性能;卷积码的码率越小,系统BER性能提升越显著;随着信噪比(SNR)增大,记忆深度越长,系统BER下降速度越快;采用软译码比采用硬译码时增益至少提升2.82 d B;卷积码的解码不仅受当前信息的影响,还与之前的码元信息有关。

Cortico-striatal gamma oscillations are modulated by dopamine D3 receptors in dyskinetic rats

Long-term levodopa administration can lead to the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Gamma oscillations are a widely recognized hallmark of abnormal neural electrical activity in levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Currently,studies have reported increased oscillation power in cases of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.However,little is known about how the other electrophysiological parameters of gamma oscillations are altered in levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Furthermore,the role of the dopamine D3 receptor,which is implicated in levodopa-induced dyskinesia,in movement disorder-related changes in neural oscillations is unclear.We found that the cortico-striatal functional connectivity of beta oscillations was enhanced in a model of Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,levodopa application enhanced cortical gamma oscillations in cortico-striatal projections and cortical gamma aperiodic components,as well as bidirectional primary motor cortex(M1)↔dorsolateral striatum gamma flow.Administration of PD128907(a selective dopamine D3 receptor agonist)induced dyskinesia and excessive gamma oscillations with a bidirectional M1↔dorsolateral striatum flow.However,administration of PG01037(a selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist)attenuated dyskinesia,suppressed gamma oscillations and cortical gamma aperiodic components,and decreased gamma causality in the M1→dorsolateral striatum direction.These findings suggest that the dopamine D3 receptor plays a role in dyskinesia-related oscillatory activity,and that it has potential as a therapeutic target for levodopa-induced dyskinesia.

基于Gamma和时变Markov模型的天然气管道剩余寿命预测

基于Gamma和时变Markov模型,对天然气管道的剩余寿命进行深入研究。采用Gamma随机过程建立管道的退化模型,以腐蚀深度为指标,并应用SY/T6151一2009标准划分了不同腐蚀状态。为更准确地模拟管道退化过程中的实际情况,引入时变转移概率矩阵,考虑随时间变化的状态迁移。以APILX52级别钢制管路为对象,通过监测数据预测剩余寿命,并验证模型的准确性。结果表明,与传统的Markov模型相比,该方法能够更精准地预测管道寿命的减少或延长。

基于混合Gamma-Poisson分布模型的参数估计与异质性研究

针对连续离散型混合分布的参数估计方法较少,且大多存在高维矩阵求逆或估计效率较低等问题,本文考虑将最小最大化(MM)算法以及组装分解技术应用在Gamma-Poisson混合分布的参数估计中,目的是将高维目标函数分离组装成一系列的低维函数的线性组合,有效地避开高维矩阵求逆的困难。模拟研究表明:MM算法及其组装分解在Gamma-Poisson混合分布模型参数估计中具有较强的准确性和稳定性。将Gamma-Poisson混合分布模型应用到比利时离婚期限数据中,发现Gamma-Poisson混合分布模型对这一组异质性的连续离散型数据具有较好的拟合效果。

Refinement of the Proposed Gamma-Ray Burst Time Delay Model

This paper is the second instalment in our study of the observed time delay in the arrival times of radio photons emanating from Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs). The mundane assumption in contemporary physics as to the cause of these pondersome time delays is that they are a result of the photon being endowed with a non-zero mass. While we do not rule out the possibility of a non-zero mass for the photon, our working assumption is that the major cause of these time delays may very well be that these photons are travelling in a rarefied cosmic plasma in which the medium’s electrons interact with the electric component of the Photon, thus generating tiny currents that lead to dispersion, hence, a frequency-dependent speed of Light (FDSL). In the present instalment, we “improve” on the model presented in the first instalment by dropping the assumption that the resultant pairs of these radio photons leave the shock front simultaneously. The new assumption of a non-simultaneous— albeit systematic—emission of these photon pairs allows us to obtain a much more convincing and stronger correlation in the time delay. This new correlation allows us to build a unified model for the four GRBs in our sample using a relative distance correction mechanism. The new unified model allows us to obtain as our most significant result a value for the frequency equivalence of the interstellar medium (ISM)’s conductance ν* ~ 1.500 ± 0.009 Hzand also an independent distance measure to the GRBs where we obtain for our four GRB samples an average distance of: ~69.40 ± 0.10, 40.00 ± 0.00, 58.40 ± 0.40, and 86.00 ± 1.00 Mpc, for GRB 030329, 980425, 000418 and 021004 respectively.

浅谈Gamma/EOTF调整对画面的重要性 家庭影院视频系统入门攻略

家庭影院投影机经过近十年的发展,投影机的整体性能有了明显的提升,特别是亮度与对比度方面更是有了显著的飞跃若以目前顶级4K超高清家庭影院投影机对比早年的三枪式机型,无论在细节还是色彩都已大幅度超越。更加重要的是,越来越多的家庭影院投影机都加入了清晰明了、较为完善的画面调整功能,使得用户能有机会对画面进行全方位的细致调整。

Gamma3钉内固定结合3D打印治疗AOA3型老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨Gamma3钉内固定结合3D打印治疗AOA3型老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法选择AOA3型老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者142例,随机分为3D组与对照组,各71例。对照组给予Gamma3钉内固治疗,3D组给予Gamma3钉内固定结合3D打印治疗。结果3D组围手术指标均较对照组低(P<0.05);两组术后14 d的血清VEGF、HIF-1α水平均高于术前1 d,且3D组高于对照组(P<0.05);3D组术后3个月的并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);3D组术后1个月与3个月的膝关节优良率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论Gamma3钉内固定结合3D打印治疗AOA3型老年股骨粗隆间骨折能促进VEGF、HIF-1α的分泌,减少手术创伤,促进患者术后康复,降低术后并发症的发生,提高患者的膝关节功能。

多尺度自适应Gamma矫正的低照图像增强

为了在提高低照图像的亮度和对比度的同时,保持图像的色彩自然度,提出了多尺度自适应Gamma矫正的低照图像增强方法.鉴于HSI颜色空间的明度分量Ⅰ决定着图像的明暗程度,以及明度分量的多尺度特性,首先,将图像转换到HSI颜色空间,对明度分量Ⅰ进行多尺度Retinex分解;然后,对分解得到的多尺度光照图像分别进行自适应的Gamma矫正,其中Gamma指数自适应于暗区像素的占比,鲁棒地改善光照图像的光照分布,经Retinex反变换得到增强的多尺度明度分量;最后,将增强的多尺度明度分量的线性融合作为增强的明度分量Ⅰ’,与色相分量H和饱和度分量S重组,得到最后的增强图像.实验结果表明,相对于部分最新提出的现有方法,新方法的PSNR和SSIM值分别高出1.19 dB和1.8%以上,具有更好的增强效果和鲁棒性,增强图像的视觉效果更适宜,对比度更高.

基于非齐次Gamma过程的滚动轴承磨损随机过程建模方法

针对滚动轴承的磨损这一时变随机退化过程,采用Gamma过程进行建模,开展了多组定时递进的加速寿命试验,按照标准GB T 25769—2010测量得到了对应不同试验时长轴承的游隙数据,通过极大似然法与遗传算法对该过程的尺度参数与形状参数进行了最优估计,参数估计的结果验证了Gamma过程的非齐次性质。最后,将建立的退化过程模型与原始数据进行对比,模型拟合一致性较好。